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Topic: John III of Trebizond

	Empire of Trebizond Encyclopedia Article @ 216.92.11.26 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Trebizond was in continual conflict with the Sultanate of Iconium and later with the Ottoman Turks, as well as Byzantium, the Italian republics, and especially the Genoese.
		Trebizond suffered a period of repeated imperial depositions and assassinations from the end of Alexios' reign until the first years of Alexios III, ending in 1355.
		Manuel III (1390–1417), who succeeded his father Alexios III as emperor, allied himself with Timur, and benefited from Timur's defeat of the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Ankara in 1402.
	216.92.11.26 /encyclopedia/Empire_of_Trebizond (869 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR John II Comnenus, Emperor of Cyprus
		John had refused to renew the treaty that his father Alexius had made with the Venetians, no doubt in part due to the fact that Sicily was no longer perceived as a threat.
		John was delayed from marching immediately to its rescue due to the death of his wife (Cinnamus[[12]]).
		John's sojourn in Byzantium was brief, for, despite illness, he needed to go to the rescue of Lopadium in Mysia (spring 1139), and the regions of the Sangarius river.
	www.roman-emperors.org /johncomn.htm (3157 words)

	The [True] ORDER OF SAINT EUGENE OF TREBIZOND - NEW BYZANTIUM
		THE establishment of the Empire of Trebizond is based on a branch of the prestigious Anatolian family of the Comnenus of Komana in Pontus who due to a dispute with the Byzantine Emperor sought refuge in Georgia.
		The Church of Saint John was constructed in 1306 by Theodora Tzanichites and Gregorios Kamachenos and in 1856 it was renovated by the Metropolitan Constantinos (1830-1879).
		It was constructed in a cave at an altitude of 1,628 meters in the valley of Macka in the mountains of Zigana, 54km to the south of Trebizond.
	www.new-byzantium.org /trebizon.html (3884 words)

	Index to royal Genealogical Data - ordered by forename - part 53
		John FitzMaurice FitzGerald --to-- John the Alchemist III, Margrave of Brandenburg Hohenzollern.
		John III of Bavarian, Duke of Bavaria Wittelsbach
		John III the Triumphant of Brabant, Duke of Brabant, b.
	www.hull.ac.uk /php/cssbct/genealogy/royal/gedFx53.html (1538 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Trebizond
		In 1462 Trebizond was taken by assault by the troops of Mohammed II, and its last emperor, David, was exiled to the vicinity of Serrae in Macedonia.
		At present Trebizond is the capital of the vilayet of the same name, bounded by those of Sivas and Erzeroum, the Black Sea, and Asiatic Russia, which after the war of 1877 absorbed a part of its territory.
		The Capuchins are established for the Latins at Trebizond, Samsun, and Ineboli, and are dependent on the delegate Apostolic at Constantinople; the Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparition have a boarding-school at Trebizond.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15028a.htm (1116 words)

	Byzantine Empire 610-1095 by Sanderson Beck
		John of Damascus was born in that city in the last quarter of the seventh century, and he probably died in 749.
		John did not claim that his ideas are new but that they are based on sound Christian doctrine, much of which he got from the Greek fathers Basil, Gregory of Nyssa, and his main source, Gregory Nazianzen.
		John criticized Muhammad's teaching that they could have four wives and an unlimited number of concubines, that men could divorce their wives easily, and he was offended that Muhammad made Zayd divorce his wife so that he could marry her.
	www.san.beck.org /AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html (17708 words)

	Trebizond - Cunnan
		Trebizond was a city on the far south-east coast of the Black Sea.
		The empire of Trebizond came out of the final years of the Byzantine Empire.
		In 1204 Tamar, Queen of Georgia, provided troops, and the impetus, for two members of the former Imperial family, the Comneni, to conquer the cities of Trebizond and Sinope, and the surrounding area, Paphlagonia.
	cunnan.sca.org.au /wiki/Trebizond (273 words)

	TREBIZOND, Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		John replied that his predecessors had acted as he had, and that he was only following their precedent; nor would his powerful nobles allow him to curtail his privileges.
		Then at last John yielded; but no sooner had he crossed the Byzantine frontier than the envoys suggested that, out of regard for the feelings of Michael, he should doff his red boots, the symbol of the Imperial dignity, and put on fl.
		John’s own coinage was very numerous, and indicates a large volume of trade, although in his time the Turkomans overran, took, and laid waste, in order to convert it into pasture-land, the rich
	www.orthodoxchristianity.net /texts/TrebizondCh3.htm (4404 words)

	TREBIZOND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		CHAPTER I: mediæval Empire of Trebizond is one of the curiosities of history.
		Among those present at the Council of Nice was the Bishop of Trebizond; the Bishop in the eighth century became a Metropolitan; in the reign of Justinian one of his successors became Patriarch at
		Trebizond was naturally an important position in Justinian's Persian war, and a portrait of Belisarius long adorned the church of St. Basil, while to that great general is ascribed the restoration of the famous monastery of Soumela, a conspicuous landmark of history, founded in the reign of Theodosius the Great by two monks from
	www.orthodoxchristianity.net /texts/TrebizondCh1.html (1342 words)

	§6. "The Travels of Sir John Mandeville". III. The Beginnings of English Prose. Vol. 2. The End of the Middle ...
		We pass from the tomb of St. John to the story of Ypocras’s daughter turned into a dragon; a circumstantial notice of part Jaffa concludes by describing the iron chains in which Andromeda, a great giant, was bound and imprisoned before Noah’s flood.
		There is the same combination of the genuine with the fabulous, but the fables are bolder: we read of the growth of diamonds and of ants which keep hills of gold dust, of the fountain of youth and the earthly paradise, of valleys of devils and loadstone mountains.
		You must enter the sea at Venice or Genoa 8 the only ports of departure Sir John seems acquainted with, and go to Trebizond, where the wonders begin with a tale of Athanasius imprisoned by the pope of Rome.
	www.bartleby.com /212/0306.html (548 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - Empire of Trebizond 1204-1461 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Trebizond also sometimes benefited from the matrimonial ties of their emperors with the various Turkic and Georgian princes from neighbouring regions.
		Trebizond enjoyed a lot of wealth and prosperity as it was the commercial route with which merchants took through Asia Minor.
		Under Alexius III (1349-1390) Trebizond became one of the world’s great trade centres and was renowned for its artistic accomplishments.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/32/45 (1031 words)

	Empire of Trebizond
		The Empire of Trebizond was a successor state of the Byzantine Empire founded in 1204 immediately before the fall of Constantinople.
		When Constantinople fell to the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Empire of Trebizond was one of the three smaller Greek states that emerged from the wreckage, along with the Empire of Nicaea and the Despotate of Epirus.
		Alexius, a grandson of Byzantine emperor Andronicus I Comnenus and a descendant of King David the Builder of Georgia through his great grandmother Katay (daughter of David the Builder), made Trebizond his capital and asserted a claim to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Medieval/LX/EmpireOfTrebizond.html (1058 words)

	Alexius III of Trebizond
		Alexius III (1338-1390), was Grand Comnenus and Emperor of Trebizond from 1349 until his death.
		When he was twelve he had been sent to Trebizond by John VI Cantacuzenus to depose his great-uncle Michael who was an instrument of the regency Cantazuzenus had displaced.
		The sisters of the Emperor, Maria and Theodora, were both married to Koutlobeg the chieftain of the White Sheep and the Emir of Chalybia respectively.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Medieval/Bio/AlexiusIIIOfTrebizond.html (483 words)

	Rome and Romania, Roman Emperors, Byzantine Emperors, etc.
		Gordian III, Gallienus, and Carinus are the principal exceptions, ruling in their own right after the death of fathers or, with Gordian, uncle and grandfather.
		John Julius Norwich (A History of Venice, Vintage, 1989) links the election of the first Doge of Venice with Leo's prohibition of images; but the election was in 727, during a tax revolt, not in 730, when Leo did prohibit images, alienating the Western Church.
		Since Leo III is considered to have come from either Syria or the nearby Isauria, his concern about this issue is supposed to have resulted from his sensitivity to the effect of Islâmic charges on the previously Christian populations of the areas, like Syria, conquered by Islâm.
	www.friesian.com /romania.htm (13913 words)

	The Empire of Trebizond Part 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		John buried his father in the Church of Theoskepastos, but then due to public opinion was obliged to reinter the body with almost ostentatious celebration in the Church of the “Golden-Headed Virgin” where the Emperors were traditionally buried.
		John IV had not long enjoyed the fruits of power before a daring attempt was made by the sheikh of Ertebil to seize the Empire of Trebizond itself.
		Of John’s brother Alexander, who his father had raised to the imperial dignity after John’s first rebellion around 1426, he seems to have fled to Constantinople to reside with their sister Maria who was the wife of the Emperor John VIII in order to cultivate support to retake what he saw was rightfully his.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/671552 (8619 words)

	History of the Empire of Trebizond Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		John showed some resistance; since it was the title of ancestors used from the Empire's birth on, but at last weakly yielded and was married to Eudokia, a daughter of Michael.
		John was victorious and was crowned in the Church of the "Golden Headed Virgin." He though, was to prove himself a weak and feckless ruler who only helped aggravate the civil troubles of Trebizond.
		His real name was John but as a sign of the desperation of the times, he took the name of Alexios, the name of his deceased brother who had accompanied him but died prematurely, because of its better connotation with the people of Trebizond.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/634249 (6396 words)

	Travels of Sir John Mandeville
		John was of age thirty-two year, when our Lord suffered his passion; and after his passion, he lived sixty-seven year, and in the hundredth year of his age he died.
		And in the tomb of St. John is nought but manna, that is clept angels’ meat; for his body was translated into Paradise.
		And ye shall understand, that St. John let make his grave there in his life, and laid himself therein all quick; and therefore some men say, that he died not, but that he resteth there till the day of doom.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext97/tosjm10h.htm (20667 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Alexius III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This act served as pretext for the leaders of the Fourth Crusade (see Crusades) to attack Constantinople (1203).
		In 1204, Alexius III's son-in-law was briefly emperor as Alexius V. Another son-in-law, Theodore I, became emperor of Nicaea.
		The Fourth Crusade and the sack of Constantinople: Jonathan Phillips sees one of the most notorious events in European history as a typical 'clash of cultures'.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/a/alexius3.asp (223 words)

	The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Chapter 61
		The relics of the Asiatic province were swept away by John Vataces, the son-in-law and successor of Theodore Lascaris, and who, in a triumphant reign of thirty-three years, displayed the virtues both of peace and war.
		She was given to John of Brienne, of a noble family in Champagne, by the public voice, and the judgment of Philip Augustus, who named him as the most worthy champion of the Holy Land.
		In the double victory of John of Brienne, I cannot discover the name or exploits of his pupil Baldwin, who had attained the age of military service, and who succeeded to the imperial dignity on the decease of his adoptive father.
	www.ccel.org /g/gibbon/decline/volume2/chap61.htm (11528 words)

	kronoloji
		1456 - The Byzantine successor kingdom of Trebizond (Trabzon) was subordinated to the Ottomans.
		1730 - Ahmed III was deposed and replaced by his nephew, Mahmud I.
		1807 - The military revolted against Selim III and he was deposed in favor of his cousin, Mustafa IV.
	www.stfrancis.edu /hi/kronoloji.htm (2813 words)

	Armenian Architecture - VirtualANI - Travellers' Accounts of Ani: John Marriner in 1967
		Although the double walls were the work of the Armenian King Smbat II in the decade following 975, the towers, more impressive than those of ancient Trebizond, were built by the Armenian noble families (or nakhararq, as they were known) as memorials to themselves.
		At all events, it is known that Ashot III ("The Merciful") was crowned in 961 by the Patriarch Ananias and three years later the town was fortified in a small way.
		Built by the Seljuk Turks a good deal later than the original city, the fortress dominating the cape where the two ravines met, so like the inland extremity of the tableland of Trebizond, was the setting for a rambling set of fortifications out of bounds to visitors.
	www.virtualani.freeserve.co.uk /accounts/marriner.htm (4520 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - AGCEEP - Trebizond
		In exchange, the Khan agreed in defending personally Trebizond with all his men and all his ressources.
		Mehmet II was upset and decides to finish off Trebizond Empire: In juny 1461, one ottoman army attack Sinope; facing the forces Mehmet II bring with him, David capitulate the 15th of august 1461.
		There isn't even a guarantee that the Ak Koyunlu will actually be able to protect Trebizond...so an event that allies the two has a serious likelihood of de-railing the region's history for no real benefit.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=241286&page=2 (1730 words)

	[No title]
		SMYTH, JOHN, of Nibley (1567-1640), genealogical antiquary, steward for the
		The heir of the younger John was born about 1552 and was named Nicholas.
		John Smith, son of George and Alice (Rickard) Smith, was baptized in
	www.vcdh.virginia.edu /xml_docs/jamestown/john_smith_1.xml (11840 words)

	The World War III : History Foretold?
		He will make some kind of promise to his enemy, maybe a peace treaty, but it appears that it will not be fruitful as during his reign war will start.
		It may be mentioned that the present Pope, Pope John Paul II is the only non-Italian Pope in recent history.
		After great misery for mankind (World War III, which Nostradamus foresaw coming before the Millennium but got delayed due to collective human free will as explained before) an even greater misery (the so called "End of the World" event - see next quatrain) will occur when "the great cycle of the centuries is renewed".
	www.angelfire.com /psy/nostradamus/sequence.htm (7687 words)

	The Empire of Trebizond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sultan Murat II sent his fleet but was not able to seize the city.
		Following the conquest of Istanbul, Emperor Kalo Ioannes IV paid taxes to Fatih Sultan Mehmet and in the meantime incited Pope Calixos III and Uzun Hasan against Fatih.
		He also permitted Byzantine families who ran away from Istanbul to settle in his country.
	mehmeteti.150m.com /seljuqsofrum/trebizond.htm (770 words)

	Coins of John III
		John was a very successful ruler who greatly increased the size, influence and prosperity of the Nicaean Empire.
		He prepared the way for his descendants to successfully restore Greek rule to Constantinople and to rule the restored Byzantine Empire.
		Graffiti around edges (WMK between 9 and 11, + at 3, and III at 4 on the obverse; + at 12 and symbols at 3 on reverse).
	www.forumancientcoins.com /roman-coins.asp?vpar=1146&pos=0 (222 words)

	New Byzantine III, Sep. 30, '04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Rev.: Bust of John in loros, with scepter and gl.
		Rev.: Full length figures of John and Theotokos (Virgin Mary), the latter nimbate and the former holding akakia, jointly holding cross-within-circle surmounting triangular decoration on long shaft; Greek legend IOA on left, MITER THEOU (complete) on right
		Byzantine Empire, John V Palaiologos (1341-91 AD), bronze stamenon (trachy), Thessalonika mint, class II, struck during period of regency and civil war (1341-7), 1.38g
	www.rudnik.com /rudnik/whatisnew/htmls/NewByzantine3Sep3004.html (1253 words)

	New Byzantine III, July 16, '01
		Byzantine Empire, John II Komnenos (1118-1143 AD), billon aspron trachy, 4.00g
		Rev.: John standing, crowned by the Virgin, Greek legend: MR -ThU
		Rev.: John standing, holding labarum-headed scepter and gl.
	www.rudnik.com /whatisnew/htmls/NewByzantine3Jul1601.html (1104 words)

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