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Topic: John Kay (spinning frame)

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	Inventions - spinning machinery
		Spinning is a relatively simple process in which cotton fibres are stretched and twisted together to form a single, strong thread.
		Highs quickly turned his attention to roller spinning, and it was now that James Hargreaves came onto the scene, producing his own version of the jenny used a pocket knife as his main tool in building the machine - The big advantage of the jenny, which is the one that became famous.
		The water frame used the differential rollers invented by Paul and Wyatt, coupled with the flyer-system of twisting the thread as used in the Saxony Wheel.
	www.cottontimes.co.uk /spinno.htm (805 words)

	Manchester Engineers and Inventors include Samuel Crompton, John Kay, the Reverend George Garrett, Richard Arkwright ...
		Samuel Crompton is perhaps best known as the Bolton born inventor of the famous "spinning mule" which was to play such an important role in the 18th and 19th century development of Manchester's textile industry and in the foundation of mass-production techniques which were pioneered here.
		John Kay was born at Park, just North of Bury, in June 1704.
		Kay's design was to change that process forever - his flying shuttle moved from one side of the loom to another by little more than a flick of the wrist of one hand, and one man could fully operate a loom adapted to accommodate the flying shuttle.
	www.manchester2002-uk.com /celebs/engineers1.html (1681 words)

	Weaving the fine fabric of success
		There is a famous picture of John Kay, hero of the industrial revolution, trying to protect a prototype of his flying shuttle from a riotous mob.
		John Kay of Bury, north-west England, invented the flying shuttle, a device that enabled a mechanical weaving machine to be operated by one person.
		The two key technologies of the revolution in textiles were weaving and spinning and, while the flying shuttle set the scene for mechanical weaving, the spinning frame was equally important in creating a modern textile industry.
	www.johnkay.com /print/267.html (691 words)

	Industrial Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Derby silk mill of John Lombe was operational by 1721.
		Use of the spinning wheel and hand loom restricted the production capacity of the industry, but a number of incremental advances increased productivity to the extent that manufactured cotton goods became the dominant British export by the early decades of the 19th century.
		Step by step, individual inventors increased the efficiency of the individual steps of spinning ( carding, twisting and spinning, and subsequently rolling) so that the supply of yarn fed a weaving industry that itself was advancing with improvements to shuttles and the loom or 'frame'.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Industrial_Revolution (5328 words)

	Thomas Highs - inventor
		At this time, the flying shuttle that had been invented by John Kay 20 years earlier was taking over on Lancashire cotton handlooms, and the race was on to find a machine that would meet the spiralling demand for cotton thread.
		He invited Kay for a drink to a Warrington tavern and, as the wine flowed, turned the subject of their conversation from perpetual motion to spinning machinery and, more specifically, to spinning with rollers.
		The accepted story is that Samuel Crompton of Bolton invented the mule, which was a cross between the spinning jenny and the water frame, using the moving-carriage principle and the spindle-winding system of the earlier machine with the drafting rollers of the later one.
	www.cottontimes.co.uk /highs.htm (2099 words)

	James Hargreaves
		James Hargreaves, inventor of the spinning jenny, was born in the semi-moorland district of Oswaldtwistle, near Blackburn, Lancashire, and was baptised at Church Kirk on January 8, 1720/1.
		John Kennedy, the first historian of the cotton trade, says that even before the coming of the great inventions, the multiplication of hand implements was forcing work outside the cottages and that a division of labour among families was emerging.
		new spinning engine whereby from six to an hundred spinners may be employed by the strength of one or two persons to spin linnen and worsted thread with such ease and advantage that a child of five or foure yeares of age may do as much as a child of seven or eight...
	www.grimshaworigin.org /WebPages/HargGrim.htm (4728 words)

	Encyclopedia: Richard Arkwright
		August 3, 1792) was an Englishman credited with the spinning frame — later renamed the water frame following the transition to water power.
		The spinning frame – loosely based on the spinning jenny of James Hargreaves – was developed in 1769, and the world's first water-powered cotton mill was built in 1771 at Cromford, Derbyshire, (now one of the Derwent Valley Mills) creating one of the catalysts for the Industrial Revolution.
		John Kay ( 1704 - 1780) was the inventor of the flying shuttle, one of the catalysts of the Industrial Revolution.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Richard-Arkwright (977 words)

	John Kay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Kay ( 1704 â“ 1780), English inventor of textile machinery, notably the flying shuttle
		John Kay (17??â“17??), English developer of textile machinery, notably the spinning frame
		John Kay ( 1742 â“ 1826), Scottish caricaturist
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Kay (162 words)

	Personal Resource Center Forum
		John Wilkinson, was a ironworker and also he was an inventor whom by 1748 managed to save enough funding to create his original blast furnace in the vicinity of Wolverhampton and after many initial unsuccessful attempts he did manage to substite coal for coke.
		John Kay, was an inventor (from England) of textile machines, notably the Flying Shuttle that managed to drastically increase the speed of this process.
		John Wilkinson was a ironworker and also he was an inventor whom by 1748 managed to save enough funding to create his original blast furnace in the vicinity of Wolverhampton in England and after many initial unsuccessful attempts he did manage to substitute coal for coke.
	www.network54.com /Forum/thread?forumid=294132&messageid=1086119193&lp=1086223922 (6781 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : The Industrial Revolution : The "Flying Shuttle"
		Before the invention of the flying shuttle by John Kay in 1733, it was only possible for cloth to be woven up to a maximum of the width of a man's body, across his arms.
		John Kay's invention allowed the shuttle, containing the thread, to be shot backwards and forwards across a much wider bed.
		John Kay was the son of a wool manufacturer in Bury, Lancashire.
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/IR/009.html (403 words)

	Encyclopedia: John Kay
		John Kay (1742 – February 21, 1826) was a Scottish caricaturist.
		Other persons have been called John Kay Sir John William Kay (September 13, 1943 - July 2, 2004) was a Lord Justice of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales and member of the Privy Council from 2000 until his death.
		John Kay (born Joachim Fritz Krauledat April 12, 1944) is a German-born Canadian singer, songwriter and guitarist.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/John-Kay (499 words)

	John Kay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		John Kay ( 1704 - 1780), English inventor of textile machinery, notably the Flying Shuttle
		John Kay ( 1742 - 1826), Scottish caricaturist
		John Kay (born 1944), musician and lead singer of Canadian rock band Steppenwolf
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/j/jo/john_kay.html (127 words)

	Richard Arkwright - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Born in Preston in the county of Lancashire, England, he worked as a barber until he was twenty-eight years old, when he became a dealer in hair, and made money developing hair dye.
		In 1768, he worked together with a clockmaker called John Kay (who was not the John Kay who invented the flying shuttle) to make a cotton spinning frame, by which, for the first time, cotton thread could be made by machinery fine and strong enough for the warp, or long threads of cloth.
		Essay from http://www.cottontown.org on Arkwright and the Water Frame.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Richard_Arkwright (262 words)

	Arkwright and Cartwright
		The significance of Richard Arkwright's invention of the spinning machine for the Industrial Revolution is outlined in a companion webpage.
		John Kay, invented the present mode of casting the shuttle, by what is called a picking-peg, by which means a weaver was enabled to perform twice the accustomed quantity of work, and to weave, unaided, cloth of any width.
		The mule used for spinning is a compound of the jenny and the water frame, and from that circumstance it derives its name.
	www.grimshaworigin.org /WebPages/ArkCartw.htm (3595 words)

	The Industrial Revolution - Innovations
		John Kay, a mechanic from Lancashire, patented the flying shuttle.
		In 1764, James Hargreaves invented the "spinning jenny," a device which allowed one person to spin many threads at once, further increasing the amount of finished cotton that a worker could produce.
		In 1779, Samuel Crompton combined both the spinning jenny and the water frame to create a machine known as "Crompton's mule," which produced large amounts of fine, strong yarn ( Simkin).
	industrialrevolution.sea.ca /innovations.html (2046 words)

	The Industrial Revolution - Textiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Kay’s shuttle was struck to and fro by two wooden hammers attached by cords to a lever.
		His Spinning Jenny of 1765 mechanised the spinning of thread by enabling the operator to produce many threads at once by turning a handle.
		He visited Arkwright's spinning factory in 1784 and realised that it was producing far more yarn than weavers and their primitive technology could turn into cloth.
	thc.worldarcstudio.com /classroom_20040211_JB/gcse/industrial_rev1.htm (465 words)

	The Industrial Revolution: Ragz-International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Until John Kay invented the flying shuttle in 1733 and James Hargreaves the spinning jenny 31 years later, the making of yarn and the weaving of cloth had been much the same for thousands of years.
		The third was a frame for spinning cotton thread with rollers, first set up by Lewis Paul and John Wyatt (1741).
		Since the roller frame and the mule were large and heavy, it became the practice to install them in mills, where they could be run by water power.
	history-world.org /industrial_revolution.htm (4243 words)

	Part 1
		In 1733 John Kay patented his flying shuttle that dramatically increased the speed of this process.
		Kay placed shuttle boxes at each side of the loom connected by a long board, known as a shuttle race.
		The Spinning Mule could also be driven by the new steam engines that were being produced by James Watt and Matthew Boulton.
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /course/79-104/Readings/FYI/fyimanufacturing.html (1681 words)

	Industrial Developements
		Kay's invention paved the way for mechancal power looms, however, the technology would have to wait another thirty years before a power loom was invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1787.
		Legend has it that Hargreaves' daughter Jenny knocked over a spinning wheel and as Hargreaves watched the spindle roll across the floor the idea for the spinning jenny came to him.
		It could combined the moving carriage of the spinning jenny with the rollers of the water frame.
	www.geocities.com /turning_world/industrial.htm (713 words)

	Cromford Arkwright family
		The cleaning, carding and spinning was done by the women and children, while the men and older boys did the weaving, and it is easy to see that it took six or seven workers to make enough yarn to keep one weaver busy.
		Cotton mills based on his factory system and employing the water frame and other machines he devised to mechanise the spinning process were established around the country, especially in Lancashire, which became the centre of the industry.
		Another factor in the decline of the cotton spinning mills at Cromford was the continued use of the water frames installed by Sir Richard.
	www.pandyweb.freeserve.co.uk /arkwrights.html (6770 words)

	openMDX - Introduction 1.0
		John Kay, the twelfth child of a Yeoman farmer, was born near Bury in Lancashire in about 1704.
		In 1753 Kay's house in Bury was ransacked by a mob of textile workers who feared that his machines would destroy their livelihood.
		Deeply depressed about these events, John Kay left England for France where he is believed to have died a pauper in about 1780.
	www.openmdx.org /documents/introduction/html/c62.htm (1722 words)

	James Hargreaves - inventor
		However, like many others who had adopted John Kay's flying shuttle on their looms, he probably felt frustrated by the inability of his family to keep him supplied with thread.
		It was a simple wooden contraption that allowed its operator to spin several threads at once, instead of the single thread produced by the old-fashioned spinning wheel.
		It was a sort of half-way house, something to bridge the gap between the spinning wheel and the heavier, more complicated machinery that came later and required factory conditions in which to operate.
	www.cottontimes.co.uk /hargreaveso.htm (1044 words)

	Richard Arkwright - inventor
		Seven miles down the road from Bolton is Leigh, where reedmaker Thomas Highs lived, while a little further on is Warrington, home of clockmaker John Kay (no relation to the Kay who invented the flying shuttle).
		Desperate to keep Kay away from Highs, who knew nothing of what was going on, Arkwright employed the clockmaker as his servant and took him with him, first to Manchester, then Liverpool and on to Preston.
		Kay, helped by two other local craftsmen, built a full-size version of what was to become the water frame, a machine that used three sets of rollers, spinning at increasingly faster speeds, to draw out the cotton roving before a twist was imparted.
	www.cottontimes.co.uk /arkwrighto.htm (1418 words)

	Lowell National Historical Park - The Industrial Revolution in England
		Production was limited by reliance on the spinning wheel and the hand loom; increases in output required more hand workers at each stage.
		The flying shuttle, patented by John Kay in 1733, increased the output of each weaver and led to increased demand for yarn.
		Two years later Richard Arkwright patented the water frame, a spinning machine that produced a coarse, twisted yarn and could be powered by water.
	www.nps.gov /lowe/loweweb/england.htm (400 words)

	industrial revolution: Definition and Much More From Answers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		John Kay's fly shuttle (1733), James Hargreaves's spinning jenny (patented 1770), Richard Arkwright's water frame (1769), Samuel Crompton's mule (1779), which combined the features of the jenny and the frame, and Edmund Cartwright's power loom (patented 1783) facilitated a tremendous increase in output.
		Unlike the spinning jenny, the water frame was too large and too expensive to put in a cottage.
		In oil, John D. Rockefeller and his managers reduced the cost of producing a gallon of kerosene from five cents in the early 1870s to less than half a cent in the mid-1880s.
	www.answerbar.com /topic/industrial-revolution (8679 words)

	Richard Arkwright
		On his travels he met John Kay, who had invented a new spinning machine for the burgeoning textile industry.
		Arkwright was so impressed by Kay's machine that he hired the man to build it for him.
		It was claimed that the strange humming noises that emanated from Arkwright's house must be the sound of the devil tuning his bagpipes.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/bio/arkwright.htm (456 words)

	Derbyshire People - Richard Arkwright - a pioneer of the factory system
		In 1768, Arkwright and a clockmaker from Warrington, called John Kay, looked at ways of producing a working model and perfected a roller spinning machine which came to be known as the spinning frame and later the water frame.
		Before mechanization, spinning had always been done in houses and small workshops, where a spinning wheel was worked by hand or foot.
		James Hargreave's spinning Jenny was invented about 1764 and it has speeded up the production of yarn but it was difficult to operate and required skilled labour.
	www.derbyshireuk.net /arkwright.html (559 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : The Industrial Revolution : Brief History of the Cotton Industry
		The spinning process, using the spinning wheel, was slow and the weavers were often held up by the lack of thread.
		In conjunction with the Spinning Frame, this new loom was used in factories built in Derbyshire, Lancashire and Scotland.
		The Spinning Mules provided the fine, but strong thread which was used by the weavers on their power looms.
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/IR/014.html (869 words)

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