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	John of England - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John's reign has been traditionally characterized as one of the most disastrous in English history: it began with defeats—he lost Normandy to Philippe Auguste of France in his first five years on the throne—and ended with England torn by civil war and himself on the verge of being forced out of power.
		Born at Beaumont Palace, Oxford, John was the fifth son of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
		John was a younger maternal half-brother of Marie de Champagne and Alix of France.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_of_England (2685 words)

	John, king of England. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		John deserted his dying father in 1189 and joined the rebellion of his brother Richard, who succeeded to the throne as Richard I in the same year.
		John refused (1206) to accept the election of Stephen Langton as Walter’s successor at Canterbury, and as a result Pope Innocent III placed (1208) England under interdict and excommunicated (1209) the king.
		John had resorted to all means to secure men and money for his Poitou campaign, and after returning home he attempted to collect scutage from the barons who had refused to aid him on the expedition.
	www.bartleby.com /65/jo/JohnEng.html (804 words)

	John of England -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		John ((The Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France) French: Jean) (December 24, 1166–October 18/19, 1216) reigned as (A male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom) King of (A division of the United Kingdom) England from April 6, 1199, until his death.
		The canon of Laon, writing a century later, states John was named after Saint ((New Testament) a preacher and hermit and forerunner of Jesus (whom he baptized); was beheaded by Herod at the request of Salome) John the Baptist, on whose feast day (December 27) he was born.
		John's parents had both received a good education—Henry II spoke some half dozen languages, and Eleanor of Aquitaine had attended lectures at what would soon become the (A university in Paris; intellectual center of France) University of Paris—in addition to what they had learned of law and government, religion, and literature.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/jo/john_of_england.htm (2311 words)

	John of England : John Lackland
		John is best known for angering the barons to rebellion, so that they forced him to agree to the Magna Carta in 1215, and then signing England over to the Pope to get out of the promises he made in that Great Charter.
		At around this time John also married off his illegitimate daughter, Joan, to the Welsh prince, Llywelyn the Great, building an alliance in the hope of keeping peace within England and Wales so that he would be free to recover his French lands.
		It was the following year that John, retreating from a threatened French invasion, crossed the marshy area known as The Wash in East Anglia and lost his most valuable treasures, including the Crown Jewels, as a result of the unexpected incoming tide.
	www.fastload.org /jo/John_Lackland.html (1008 words)

	John - John Lackland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		His father called him 'Lackland', due to the fact that by the time he was born, the King had already apportioned out all his lands to the elder children.
		John divorced his first wife, and a year after his succession to the throne, chanced upon the 12 year old Isabella of Angouleme.
		John died of dysentery, and his son Henry came to be his successor at the age of nine.
	www.malton.n-yorks.sch.uk /MSWeb/HistoryZone/monarchs/john.html (295 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during the German captivity and conspired with Philip II in another failed coup attempt.
		The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Canterbury; the issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal.
		John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the South and rebellion from his barons in the North.
	www.britannia.com /history/monarchs/mon28.html (591 words)

	John 'Lackland' King England (24 Dec 1166 - 19 Oct 1216)
		John 'Lackland' King Of England was known as one of England's worst kings.
		John succeeded his brother Richard the Lion-Hearted as king of England and duke of Normandy in 1199.
		In 1205 John was beaten, and lost all the English holdings in France except Aquitaine.
	www.smokykin.com /ged/f001/f82/a0018236.htm (321 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - John 'Lackland', King of England 1199-1216 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		John was born at Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England, on 24th December 1166 and fourth son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
		But John still refused and Philip confiscated all of his lands held in France because of his failure to due duty to his overlord (the King of England held land in France as vassal to the king of that country).
		John renewed his war with France, which once again kept the temper of his barons hot by taxing them for his armies, but was defeated, along with his allies, including the Emperor of Germany, in 1214 at Bouvines.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/52/43 (1580 words)

	Battle of Bouvines (27 July 1214)
		John Lackland struck back with a suprise raid into Poitou where his mother, Eleanor, was being held as a hostage by Arthur, duc de Bretagne, at Mirebeau.
		John I Lackland entered into a serious breech with pope Innocent III in rejecting the latter's choice of bishop Langton as archbishop of Cantebury in 1205.
		John Lackland and Philippe agreed to a six-year truce at Chinon in 1214.
	xenophongroup.com /montjoie/bouvines.htm (6657 words)

	1190s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		May 27, 1199 Friday - John Lackland (1167 - 1216) became King of England upon the death of his older brother Richard the Lion Hearted.
		John was the first Plantagenet to reside in England.
		The name Lackland came from his not being a first son and thus would lack land.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-1190s.html (170 words)

	John of England - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Besides Arthur, John also captured his niece Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany.
		John had kidnapped her from her fiancée, Hugh IX of Lusignan.
		John himself had received one of the best educations of any king of England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_I_of_England (2685 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Angevins
		This was taken to an extreme by his son Richard, who spent only 10 months of a ten-year reign in the country due to his involvement in the crusades.
		John quarrelled with the Pope over the appointment of the Archbishop of Canterbury, eventually surrendering.
		John died in ignominy, having broken the contract, leading the nobles to summon aid from France and creating a precarious position for his Plantagenet heir, Henry III.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page60.asp (313 words)

	Lackland
		In 1202, John was declared 'a felon' and Philippe II seized Anjou, Brittany, Maine, Normandy and Touraine.
		John Lackland struck back with a surprise raid into Poitou where his mother, Eleanor, was being held as a hostage by Arthur, Duke of Brittany.
		Philippe II and John Lackland agreed to a truce on 26 October 1206.
	www.botevyle.org.uk /html/lackland.html (346 words)

	John Lackland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		From this time to the end of his reign, John was preoccupied with the regaining of these territories, levying a number of new taxes upon the landed barons to pay for his unsuccessful campaigns.
		John used all the large powers of the crown and all the new machinery of government established by his father Henry II to oppress all classes of the nation.
		The granting of the Magna Carta, and the success of the barons in maintaining it, opened a new chapter in English history, which ended by establishing a system of constitutional government, of which the Magna Carta was regarded as the pledge and the symbol.
	culaw2.creighton.edu /RareBooks/display1/john.htm (302 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Angevins > John Lackland
		John was an able administrator interested in law and government but he neither trusted others nor was trusted by them.
		Heavy taxation, disputes with the Church (John was excommunicated by the Pope in 1209) and unsuccessful attempts to recover his French possessions made him unpopular.
		When John died in 1216 England was in the grip of civil war.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page64.asp (306 words)

	Richard the Lionheart, King John, and the Magna Carta
		John won and Richard was freed only to die a short time later fighting in France.
		It was a document which bound the king to observe common law and tradition, particularly where it affected the rights and privileges of the nobility.
		John tried to repudiate the Charter as soon as he was out of the barons' control.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/Richard_the_Lionheart_and_King_John.htm (515 words)

	John Lackland - Cunnan
		John Lackland was an Angevin king of England (1199-1216 AD) and was brother to his predecessor, Richard I (who made him Count of Mortain).
		He had many failures, losing his French territories (hence the nickname "Lackland" or "Sans Terre"), being excommunicated by the Pope and being forced to ratify the Magna Carta.
		He is also known as the Prince John of the Robin Hood stories (and almost certainly was responsible for trying to filch Richard's ransom money) and didn't have a good reputation with his populace.
	cunnan.sca.org.au /wiki/John_Lackland (313 words)

	Additional Reading (from John) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		For accounts of the reign, see Sidney Painter, The Reign of King John (1949), which is thorough and extensive; J.C. Holt, The Northerners (1961), a study of the baronial opposition, and Magna Carta (1965), for the origins and course of John's quarrel with the barons.
		He was John Cage, a minimalist and an avant-garde developer of the percussion orchestra, the prepared piano, the happening, aleatory, or chance, composition, performance art, and music as extended silence.
		English actor, producer, and director John Gielgud was considered one of the greatest performers of his generation on stage and screen, particularly in Shakespearean roles.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-3719 (946 words)

	Monarchy - John, Lackland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		John, Lackland: Richard the Lionheart, John and the Magna Carta
		John, Lackland was born on Christmas Eve 1167.
		Lacking Richard's stature, sense of honour and honesty, Earl John is a small man, tending to the fat side, full of inconsistencies with mood changes that are sudden and unpredictable.
	l2l.port5.com /s_his/mnr_john.html (208 words)

	webGED: The Bement Family Data Page
		She was the daughter of John II of Castile and León by his second wife, Isabella of Portugal.
		John was born in Oxford on December 24, 1167, the youngest son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
		JOHN KEEP graduated from Yale University in 1769, and was settled in the ministry at Sheffield, Massachusetts, 10 Jun 1772.
	www.bementfamily.com /webged/bement.wbg/wga35.html (3481 words)

	John lackland - TREEFIC Demo: Royal Families AD 534 - 1992: John Lackland
		Nicknamed 'John Lackland' by his father because his elders brothers laid territorial claims ahead of him, Earl John is not landless now.
		Daughter of John Lackland King of England (1167-1216) and Constance (Clementia) of Brittany Countess of Brittany (1162-1201)
		John Lackland was my father, and I am John Lackland's son.Five-and-thirty years ago, when I was a boy of eleven, my parents emigrated across the seas,
	surferslink.com /q/john-lackland.htm (246 words)

	Chapter 35.
		John was the youngest and the worst of all Henry's sons, and he was not the heir to the throne of England.
		John was wicked and wily, and he easily got Arthur into his power and shut him up in prison.
		Even King John was glad at first because many of his nobles had told him plainly that he would find no knight to follow him to battle, nor to guard his castles at home, if he had really killed his little nephew.
	digital.library.upenn.edu /women/marshall/england/england-35.html (717 words)

	PANDUA - LoveToKnow Article on PANDUA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The ceremony took place at Dover, and on the following day John, of his own motion, formally surrendered England to the representative of Rome to receive it again as a papal fief.
		Pandulph repaid this act of humility by using every means to avert the threatened French invasion of England.
		He rendered valuable aid to John who rewarded him with the see of Norwich.
	22.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PA/PANDUA.htm (466 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent III
		In alliance with John of England he made war upon Philip of France, but was defeated in the battle of Bouvines, 27 July, 1214.
		Innocent informed King John of the election of Langton and asked him to accept the new archbishop.
		The king, however, had set his mind on his favourite, John de Grey, and flatly refused to allow Langton to come to England in the capacity of Archbishop of Canterbury.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08013a.htm (4265 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Angevins > John Lackland
		Many of his barons rebelled, and in June 1215 they forced King John to sign a peace treaty accepting their reforms.
		This treaty, later known as Magna Carta, limited royal powers, defined feudal obligations between the King and the barons, and guaranteed a number of rights.
		As a peace treaty Magna Carta was a failure and the rebels invited Louis of France to become their king.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/page64.asp (306 words)

	John I "Lackland" PLANTAGENET "King of England"
		John imposed crippling taxes and tightened the already severe forest laws, all to raise revenue for his war against the French.
		Afterwards, John reverted to his bad old ways and Louis, son of the French King, was invited to replace him.
		Fortunately for England, John died of dysentry on Wednesday 19 October 1216 at Newark after losing the crown jewels in the Wash. He has an extensive biography in the Dictionary of National Biography.
	homepage.mac.com /james_keller/PS36/PS36_331.HTML (487 words)

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