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	Booknotes
		GADDIS: Her thesis is on the international history of the Vietnam war in the last five years of it.
		GADDIS: 1814 is the tail end of the war of 1812, which we and the British blundered into as a kind of almost aftereffect of the Napoleonic wars in Europe.
		GADDIS: George Kennan, of course, is the architect of the American strategy of containment in the cold war, and perhaps with Henry Kissinger, one of the two most influential grand strategists of the entire cold war period for the United States.
	www.booknotes.org /Transcript?ProgramID=1780 (7301 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Ideas / Grand old policy
		According to a slim forthcoming volume by John Lewis Gaddis, the Yale historian whom many describe as the dean of Cold War studies and one of the nation's most eminent diplomatic historians, they are John Quincy Adams, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and George W. Bush.
		Gaddis begins "Surprise, Security, and the American Experience" (Harvard, March) with the observation that thanks to its geographical isolation, the United States has experienced only three surprise attacks on its soil: the British burning of Washington in 1814, Pearl Harbor in 1941, and the terrorist attacks in 2001.
		Gaddis says, "They don't give enough weight to how frightening it can be if you have that much power and then you deploy it, and you deploy language foolishly." Nonetheless, he stresses, "I do take them very seriously.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/ideas/articles/2004/02/08/grand_old_policy (1604 words)

	Surprise, Security, and the American Experience : John Lewis Gaddis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This short book, which was based on a series of lectures Gaddis presented at the New York Public Library in 2002, builds its case of an evolving U.S. security strategy around three events: the 1814 burning of the White House by the British, the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, and 9-11.
		Gaddis argues that each of these events forced the U.S. to change its strategy to fit the new circumstances of the time.
		Gaddis does not claim that the Bush administration borrowed consciously from Adams, and the scholar concedes there are differences between the nineteenth and twenty-first century security environments for the U.S. He maintains, however, the similarities are striking enough to note.
	www.bookreviewsandsummaries.com /books41/0674011740.htm (435 words)

	Barnes & Noble.com - Surprise, Security, and the American Experience - John Lewis Gaddis - Hardcover
		Gaddis notes the contrast between Roosevelt's call for national sacrifice to win World War II and Bush's decision to place the burden of today's wars only on those who do the fighting -- and on future generations that must pay the bills.
		Gaddis, one of America's leading scholars of foreign policy and international relations, provocatively demonstrates that, to the contrary, the principles of preemption, unilateralism and hegemony go back to the earliest days of the republic.
		Gaddis' focus on U.S. foreign policy and history gives him powerful tools that he exploits to the fullest, elucidating the similarities between the strategies of John Quincy Adams and Franklin Roosevelt, which have shaped the evolution of U.S. power, and contrasting both with the emerging grand strategy of the Bush administration.
	search.barnesandnoble.com /booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?isbn=0674011740&itm=1 (988 words)

	Encyclopedia: John Lewis Gaddis
		He is best known for arguing that Stalin 's personality and role in history was one of the most important causes of the Cold War.
		John Lewis Gaddis of Yale said his fellow historians have not paid sufficient attention to the importance of Mr.
		Gaddis, who described himself as a "very long-term, disillusioned Democrat who still has hope for the Democratic Party," disputed the liberal stereotype of the president as a lightweight.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/John-Lewis-Gaddis (1164 words)

	CNN - Cold War: Chat with John Lewis Gaddis
		John Lewis Gaddis: Well in some ways you could argue that economic disparities were the single most important factor, because in the end it was largely economic capabilities that determined the outcome.
		John Lewis Gaddis: It's worth remembering that economic crises in the early 20th century had a lot to do with the coming of communism in the first place.
		John Lewis Gaddis: Pretty much for the same reasons they did nothing, as you'll see on the tapes, during the East Berlin uprisings of 1953, or the Budapest rebellion of 1956.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/guides/debate/chats/gaddis (2181 words)

	John Lewis Gaddis - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		President George W. Bush and Laura Bush stand with 2005 National Humanities Medal recipient John Lewis Gaddis.
		John Lewis Gaddis is the Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University (though he teaches neither military nor naval history).
		John Lewis Gaddis, Publications, American historians and Yale University.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/John_Lewis_Gaddis (415 words)

	Book World Live
		John Lewis Gaddis: A cold war with China is always possible, and I certainly think the Bush administration has made a point of improving relations with India in the hope of encouraging a balance of power in Asia.
		John Lewis Gaddis: Russia does hold something of a trump card at the moment because of its energy resources, but how useful that would be in the (I think) unlikely event of a Sino-American war is doubtful to me. Keep in mind that energy is about the only strength Russia has at the moment.
		John Lewis Gaddis: The concept of limited nuclear engagement developed during the Eisenhower years, which was precisely why Ike insisted on planning only for total war: he never bought the argument that you could have a limited nuclear war.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/discussion/2006/01/29/DI2006012900336.html (3519 words)

	The Church of American Power \| Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Were John Lewis Gaddis instead as sharp a debunker of the Cold War as a system of propaganda as Gaddis is now a proselytizer of the "Cold War" era, I'll bet you that Gaddis wouldn't be regarded as a distinguished historian of anything.
		John Lewis Gaddis is a specialist who has published many large works on the cold war, and his publisher has persuaded him to write a concise guide to international history since 1945, designed for a generation not around at the time.
		Gaddis tries to provide a continuous storyline that encompasses its many twists and turns, but in practice the cold war years were unified solely by the existence of a permanent nuclear threat, a promise to commit suicide that appeared to make conventional war between great states impossible.
	blog.zmag.org /index.php/weblog/entry/cold_war (7304 words)

	Surprise, Security, and the American Experience - Council on Foreign Relations
		GADDIS: No, I don’t think my ancestors who came to Texas did so with John Quincy Adams in mind, no. But, nonetheless, there was the sense of a frontier being a permanent zone of insecurity.
		GADDIS: I think the Bush administration’s grand strategy was best articulated in the national strategy statement of September 2002, which is a really interesting and significant document, and I think it does bear careful reading.
		GADDIS: Well, the last thing I would do would be to turn this over to American studies departments in American universities these days—[laughter]—because Americans themselves—or at least elite American universities—do not know what American studies is anymore.
	www.cfr.org /publication.html?id=7040 (8597 words)

	How the West Won - John Lewis Gaddis rethinks the Cold War. By Martin Walker
		In the past, Gaddis picked a careful course between the anti-Communists who always blamed Moscow and the revisionists who thought the United States' hunger for markets and raw materials was at least as responsible for the Cold War.
		Gaddis cites a 1951 cable from Dean Acheson to his diplomats in Hanoi that bluntly states the case for Realpolitik: "Question whether Ho [Chi Minh] as much nationalist as Commie is irrelevant, all Stalinists in colonial areas are nationalists.
		Gaddis' answer, of course, is that the game was under way by then: The heirs of Truman and Stalin were condemned to play by Cold War rules.
	www.slate.com /?id=2973 (1751 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy (Galaxy ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gaddis explains containment as it was originally envisioned by George Kennan and then goes on to show the fluctuations between symmetrical and asymmetrical policies up through the Carter administration.
		Gaddis is fairly objective in his assessment of the oscillating course of foreign policy, pointing out the successes as well as the failures of each strategy.
		Gaddis argues, though, that even then their were distinct differences in approach; in particular he distinguishes between symmetrical and asymmetrical approaches to containment.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0195030974 (1149 words)

	Victor Davis Hanson Reviews John Lewis Gaddis’s Surprise, Security, and the American Experience on National Review ...
		Gaddis reminds us of the moral ambiguity of many of these acts: It was, for example, provocative to grab Texas.
		Gaddis is largely sympathetic to President Bush's war against terror and to the U.S. efforts against al-Qaeda and the Taliban; he thinks most past presidents would probably have done about the same thing.
		In his final lecture, Gaddis pleads for a new confidence in American values, and suggests that we follow a middle way that accepts the need to fight for those values but also to pay far more attention to how we affect others abroad.
	www.nationalreview.com /books/hanson200406010918.asp (1298 words)

	We Now Know by John Lewis Gaddis, 0198780710, Lowest Book Price Finder
		Gaddis' recent work on the Cold War has been somewhat hampered for many of the same reasons as most other Realists since the end of the Cold War.
		In the 1970s and '80s John Lewis Gaddis established a distinguished reputation as the leader of the post-revisionist school on the origins of the Cold War.
		As Gaddis says at appropriate points, "we now know," suggesting we know much more and can evaluate much better than we could even at the end of the Cold War, but the "now" is just a temproary point.
	www.bookfinder4u.co.uk /book_detail/0198780710 (584 words)

	If You Must Have a War, Make Sure It's a Cold One - New York Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gaddis, putting forward the first of his cold-war heroes, argues that Dwight D. Eisenhower was much quicker to grasp the implications of a nuclear future than many of the defense-policy intellectuals who tried to square the circle and make nuclear weapons part of a coherent military strategy.
		Gaddis makes it clear just how helpless American and Soviet leaders often were, their hands tied by shrewdly manipulative leaders of weaker states who knew exactly how to make the cold-war game work to their advantage.
		Gaddis has endorsed the writing of a "new cold war history - one in which ideas, ideologies and morality are going to be central," rather than nuclear strategy and military brinkmanship.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/12/28/books/28grim.html?ex=1293426000&en=8f71b51e24d484f9&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (1098 words)

	Commentary - The Cold War by John Lewis Gaddis
		John Lewis Gaddis, a professor at Yale, has made an academic specialty of the U.S.-Soviet conflict.
		The present book, which seems to have originated in a course given by Gaddis at Yale, carries the narrative to the end—that is, to the dissolution of the USSR that brought to a close the contest the USSR had itself started.
		Gaddis is also convincing in demonstrating the difficulties faced by the United States in fighting, within the confines of its laws and traditions, an undeclared war against a rival not so constrained.
	commentarymagazine.com /article.asp?aid=12102068_1 (772 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Grand Strategy in the Second Term - John Lewis Gaddis
		John Lewis Gaddis is Robert A. Lovett Professor of History at Yale.
		John Kerry made it clear during the 2004 campaign that he would not have relinquished that option had he won the presidency.
		As the political scientist G. John Ikenberry has pointed out, Washington's policy of pre-emption has created the image of a global policeman who reports to no higher authority and no longer allows locks on citizens' doors.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /20050101faessay84101/john-lewis-gaddis/grand-strategy-in-the-second-term.html?mode=print (4933 words)

	Commentary Magazine - The Long Peace, by John Lewis Gaddis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		...Gaddis is attracted by ideas arising from game theory to help explain why the "Long Peace" evolved and continues and what is needed to preserve it...
		...Gaddis, one of the first post-revisionists, is also one of the ablest and most influential...
		...Gaddis is a sober and hard-working professional who has read all the scholarly literature and has worked with the primary sources...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V85I1P62-1.htm (1397 words)

	John Lewis Gaddis: Strategies of Containment, Past and Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		John Lewis Gaddis is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Robert A. Lovett Professor of History at Yale University.
		The idea was to retain the initiative: in the terrain upon which the contest was to take place, the means by which it was to be conducted, and the balance between the costs encountered and the benefits derived.
		John Lewis Gaddis’s essay "The Cold War, Television, and the Approximation of Truth" appears in the Hoover Press book CNN’s Cold War Documentary: Issues and Controversy, edited by Arnold Beichman.
	www.hooverdigest.org /012/gaddis.html (2496 words)

	danieldrezner.com :: Daniel W. Drezner :: The merits of Bush's grand strategy
		Gaddis knows a thing or two about grand strategies, and his review of the 2002 Bush strategy in the latest issue of Foreign Policy makes for bracing reading.
		Gaddis compares the Bush strategy to the previous set of strategy documents from the Clinton administration.
		Gaddis isn't naÃ¯ve; in the article, he also delineates the potential flaws in the strategy.
	www.danieldrezner.com /archives/000523.html (496 words)

	The Landscape of History : How Historians Map the Past, Oxford University Press, USA, John Lewis Gaddis
		Gaddis points out that while the historical method is more sophisticated than most historians realize, it doesn't require unintelligible prose to explain.
		Gaddis examines the nature of history and the function of historians through a wide range of metaphors.
		Gaddis immediately sets out that if we measure in miles we won't get to the alcoves and cubbyholes and we'll probably end up with a nice round number.
	allentech.net /bookstore/item_00195171578P.html (978 words)

	WWGPro.DE Buchtipps: We Now Know : Rethinking Cold War History (A Council on Foreign Relations Book) (John Lewis Gaddis) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As Gaddis says at appropriate points, "we now know," suggesting we know much more and can evaluate much better than we could even at the end of the Cold War, but the "now" is just a temporary point.
		We Now Know by John Lewis Gaddis is a preliminary reevaluation of the first half of the Cold War (roughly 1945-62) based on information from the Soviet side that has become available since the demise of the Soviet Union.
		Gaddis modestly observes that his book is not likely to be the final word on the Cold war.
	www.wwgpro.de /books-isbn-0198780710.html (1710 words)

	The American Experience \| Race for the Superbomb \| John Lewis Gaddis on: Eisenhower's Economics and the Bomb
		John Lewis Gaddis on: Eisenhower's Economics and the Bomb
		JLG: Well, I think if you were to get at the heart of Eisenhower's strategy, it is the strategy of how you make containment work for the long haul.
		Eisenhower was very lucky that we didn't have something break out on his watch, because he might not have been able to control what then happened, if we had had to deploy forces.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/interview/gaddis9.html (650 words)

	Oxford University Press: The United States and the End of the Cold War: John Lewis Gaddis
		And along the way, Gaddis illuminates such topics as the role of morality in American foreign policy, the relevance of nuclear weapons to the balance of power, and the objectives of containment.
		Gaddis concludes with a thoughtful consideration of the problems and forces at work in the post-Cold War world.
		John Lewis Gaddis is Professor of History and director of the Contemporary History Institute at Ohio University.
	www.oup-usa.org /isbn/0195085515.html (528 words)

	Harvard University Press: Surprise, Security, and the American Experience
		September 11, 2001, distinguished Cold War historian John Lewis Gaddis argues, was not the first time a surprise attack shattered American assumptions about national security and reshaped American grand strategy.
		This provocative book, informed by the experiences of the past but focused on the present and the future, is one of the first attempts by a major scholar of grand strategy and international relations to provide an answer.
		John Lewis Gaddis is Robert A. Lovett Professor of History and Political Science at Yale University.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/GADSUS.html (362 words)

	Orals Reading Notes: Strategies of Containment, John Lewis Gaddis
		Beginning with the world situation in 1945, Gaddis explains how the diplomatic means of containment slowly outgrew its original mandate to become the end of American foreign policy.
		According to Gaddis, containment emerged "as a series of attempts to deal with the consequences of [the] World War II Faustian bargain" between the Soviet Union and the US.
		In the end, however, Gaddis concludes of the New Look that Dulles was a "more subtle and skillful diplomat" than his blunt doomsday rhetoric suggested, and that Eisenhower was more active and hands-on than public perception believed.
	www.kevincmurphy.com /gaddis.html (1199 words)

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