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Topic: John Lucas (philosopher)

	John Lucas (philosopher) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Randolph Lucas (born 18 June 1929) is a British philosopher.
		Lucas is perhaps best known for his paper "Minds, Machines and Gödel," arguing that an automaton cannot represent a human mathematician.
		A prolific author with unusually diverse teaching and research interests, Lucas has written on the philosophy of mathematics, especially the implications of Gödel's incompleteness theorem, the philosophy of mind, free will and determinism, the philosophy of science with special reference to special relativity, causality, political philosophy, ethics and business ethics, and the philosophy of religion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Lucas_(philosopher) (412 words)

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		Lucas himself seems to have seen his argument as showing that the nature of the human mind is mysterious and has little to do with the physics and chemistry of the brain, but Penrose wishes to draw a very different conclusion.
		He mistakenly believes that he has a philosophical disagreement with the logical community, when in fact this is a straightforward case of a mathematical fallacy.
		In particular, Lucas confused the ordinary language statement that the methods mathematicians use are consistent with the very complex mathematical\longpage{13pc}\pagebreak\ statement which would arise if we applied the G\"odel Theorem to a hypothetical formalization of those methods.
	www.ams.org /journals/bull/pre-1996-data/199507/199507015.tex.html (1812 words)

	John Lucas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		John Lucas Tupper: Writings Artist's biography and a list of his works.
		Lucas, TX Democrats Political opinion and discussion of issues of importance to Democrats in Lucas, Texas.
		Lucas Christian Academy Private, K-12 Christian school in Lucas, TX operating as a University Model School.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-John_Lucas.html (368 words)

	Lucas' Theorem
		Lucas' Theorem, due to the great Oxford Philosopher John Lucas FBA, explains why both these hypotheses are impossible.
		Some of their philosophers went so far as to suggest that "everything is a number".
		John Lucas FBA was an Oxford Philosopher until his retirement in the 1990s.
	www.starcourse.org /lucaspre171198.htm (1129 words)

	“Nothing is easier than to familiarise one’s self with the mammalian brain” wrote William James in a footnote to ...
		The Zombie philosophers, such as Daniel Dennett and the husband and wife team Pat and Paul Churchland, argue that this is a mistaken question.
		John Lucas, the Oxford philosopher who first formulated the Goedelian arguments against artificial intelligence later developed by Roger Penrose, concluded his paper with the words: "Since the time of Newton, the bogey of mechanist determinism has obsessed philosophers.
		No longer on this count will it be incumbent on the natural philosopher to deny freedom in the name of science: no longer will the moralist feel the urge to abolish knowledge to make room for faith.
	www.darwinwars.com /cuts/oddsnsods/prospect/prospect_essay_on_consciousness.html (3591 words)

	Le Mars Daily Sentinel: Story: Concluding The Probe Of Science Vs. Religion
		Both Godel's Theorem and Lucas' argument are extremely subtle, but we can state the gist of them as follows.
		Lucas observed that if a man were HIMSELF a computer program, then by knowing how his own program was put together he could outwit himself, which is a contradiction.
		However, a human being, Lucas noted, CAN recognize his own consistency - at least at times - and so must be more than a mere computer.
	www.lemarssentinel.com /story/1053977.html (957 words)

	ZENIT Special Report: Star Wars
		They had come to the weekly general audience of John Paul II to listen to the leader of over 1 billion Catholics exhort them to live their faith, mature in their beliefs and to deepen their prayer life in the tradition of centuries of mystics and saints.
		Lucas' words have been selected from an interview with Bill Moyers published in the April 26 edition of Time Magazine on the "Theology of Star Wars" and the words of the Pope have been translated directly from the original text of the general audience on May 19 mentioned above.
		JOHN PAUL II: Certain practices originating from the great oriental religions are especially attractive to contemporary man. To these, Christians should apply a spiritual discernment so as never to lose from sight the concept of prayer as it is illustrated in the Bible throughout the whole history of salvation.
	www.ewtn.com /library/Media/ZJEDI.HTM (3235 words)

	Roger Penrose - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		He is also a recreational mathematician and controversial philosopher.
		In this controversial book, he argues this based on claims that humans can do things outside the power of formal logic systems, such as knowing the truth of unprovable statements, or solving the halting problem.
		These claims were originally made by the philosopher John Lucas of Merton College, Oxford.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /r/ro/roger_penrose.html (656 words)

	John Lucas - TheBestLinks.com - Houston Rockets, Victoria Cross, John P. Lucas, John Lucas (philosopher), ...
		John Lucas - TheBestLinks.com - Houston Rockets, Victoria Cross, John P. Lucas, John Lucas (philosopher),...
		John Lucas, Houston Rockets, Victoria Cross, John P. Lucas, John Lucas...
		John Lucas (basketball player), professional basketball player, Houston Rockets, NBA
	www.thebestlinks.com /John_Lucas.html (110 words)

	Philosophical Themes from CSL:
		In this re-run, Anscombe defended her original position while philosopher John Lucas undertook to uphold Lewis’ side of the debate.
		Today’s philosophers are no less puzzled by the phenomenon of intentionality than he was.
		The philosophically sophisticated may be able to skip this section, in which naturalism is roughly defined as the doctrine according to which there exists nothing intentional or not belonging to space and time (other than perhaps space and time themselves) which is neither reducible to, nor supervenient upon, non-intentional, spatio-temporal realities.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /cslphilos/CSLnat.htm (11414 words)

	News Indexed by Topic - PHILOSOPHY
		As Daniel Dennett, the philosopher, puts it: 'Complex systems can in fact function in what seems to be a thoroughly ‘purposeful and integrated’ way simply by having lots of subsystems doing their own thing without any central supervision.' The self, then, is not what it seems to be.
		There are philosophers of the future and experts on the subjects of robotics and artificial intelligence who are certain that on some far-off day the most pressing moral issue humans will face will be how to distinguish ourselves from lifelike machines.
		Advocates of what the philosopher John Haugeland famously characterized as GOFAI (good old-fashioned artificial intelligence) create hand-crafted intricate models that are often powerful yet too brittle to be used in the real world.
	www.aaai.org /aitopics/newstopics/philosophy.html (14262 words)

	Thomas Holcombe of Connecticut - Person Page 485
		John Wright married Mary Lucas on 20 May 1708 at Plympton, Plymouth Co., MA.
		She married John Wright, son of Adam Wright and Sarah Soule, on 20 May 1708 at Plympton, Plymouth Co., MA.
		She was the daughter of John Soule and Rebecca Simmons.
	www.holcombegenealogy.com /data/p485.htm (2619 words)

	STS Diary -- May, 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		John Harrison, the book's subject, was a reclusive rural clockmaker who invented the chronometer, solving a problem that had eluded scientists for two centuries: how to navigate accurately at sea.
		John Harrison drew upon the discoveries of previous inventors, from Galileo, who invented a navigation helmet for observing the heavens, to Sir Isaac Newton and Edmond Halley; Einstein's theory of relativity had crucial antecedents in the electromagnetic theories of James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday.
		In 1961, John Lucas -- an Oxford philosopher known for espousing controversial views -- published a paper in which he purported to show that a famous theorem of mathematical logic called Godel's second incompleteness theorem implies that human intelligence cannot be simulated by a computer.
	www.rit.edu /~flwstv/stsdiarymay.html (12062 words)

	The Ontological Argument
		Like many other philosophical arguments it has suffered by being made out to be more rigorous than in the nature of the case it can be.
		In some cases the doubts of the philosophers may have been silly, but it is difficult to dismiss them all without abandoning philosophy altogether.
		If we adopt the maxim that in order to make out what a philosopher means, we should consider what his arguments for the thesis actually prove, and what, in his opinion, follows from it, then Descartes' `God' is to be construed as `Reality'.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~jrlucas/ontolarg.html (2977 words)

	Proceedings and Addresses, 75:5, May 2002: Minutes of the 2001 Meeting of the Board of Officers
		Lucas commented that the Board is looking for a Ph.D. and senior member in the field of philosophy, like a dean or department chair and asked what the APA might have to offer such a person.
		Lucas stated that there is a need to maintain the ombudsperson at each Divisional meeting because there were problems at the most recent meetings.
		Lucas replied that a good placement officer should broker for their students these very things and wondered if the APA could work out a suitable solution.
	www.apa.udel.edu /apa/archive/proceedings/v75n5 (11672 words)

	Philosopher
		He was born around 484 B.C., and it is important to note that Euripides associated extensively with the philosophers of his time.
		He was one of the last pre-socratic philosophers and shared many similar ideas to Socrates himself.
		It is clear that these characters are created with the influence of Anaxagoras' "Nous" theory as an attempt to proove that the mind is always in control, yet does not always act ethically.
	www.perseus.tufts.edu /GreekScience/Students/Jeff/Philosopher.html (2279 words)

	The Corner on National Review Online
		Voting John Engler for Michigan governor in 1990 is probably the best vote I've cast--he won narrowly, in a huge upset, and went on to become an excellent chief executive.
		John Fonte did a great job yesterday in documenting the role of Republicans in passing the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
		Taking a full two days to "respond" to my critique of their silly self-congratulatory discussion of the draft, the gang at Tapped ignores all of the substance of my remarks to accuse me -- and the Corner -- of being unserious, in a "I know you are but what am I?" tone.
	www.nationalreview.com /thecorner/03_01_05_corner-archive.asp (11301 words)

	Books \| The semantic engineer
		Dennett the philosopher was born in 1942 in Beirut, where his father had gone to complete a Harvard PhD in Islamic history at the American University, and his mother (from Minnesota) was teaching English at the American Community School.
		The Oxford philosopher John Lucas had published a paper - still famous - arguing that Gödel's theorem disproved any theory that humans must be machines, and that human thought could be completely simulated on a computer.
		I'd think 'Descartes is wrong, Quine's wrong; Lucas is wrong!' But that's what philosophers do: they find an eminent target, and they think, let's see if I can figure out how to say what's wrong with this.
	books.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4902823-99939,00.html (3545 words)

	The New Enemies of Rationalism \| International Humanist and Ethical Union
		Not only Hume presented an original view of causality, but even to this day philosophers seem to ignore the fact that causality in science is not the same as in philosophy, and that Hume’s definitions are essential in the practice of modern science.
		This is what philosophers call the ceteris paribus conditions (all else left unchanged), but for the scientist this is not an unfortunate constraint: it is the essence of their experimental skill.
		Rom Harré, the Oxford philosopher, does this by means of ‘powers’, and Nancy Cartwright, of the London School of Economics, puts her money on ‘capacities’.
	www.iheu.org /node/291 (4285 words)

	Balliol College - History - Past Members - Richard Hare - A Memoir
		In my undergraduate days I picked up in New College a story, which I now believe to be apocryphal, of Catherine Hare and Jennifer Hart having tea together and bewailing the terrible treatment meted out to their husbands by their pupils.
		In vain I expostulated, pointing out that he had been the most influential moral philosopher in the second half of the twentieth century, whose arguments had had to be considered by everyone else who thought about the subject.
		For a tutor, even more so than for a philosopher generally, disagreement is as valuable as agreement.
	www.balliol.ox.ac.uk /history/miscellany/hare/memoir.asp (1772 words)

	Roger Penrose - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-20)
		Roger Penrose is the son of scientist Lionel S. Penrose and Margaret Leathes, and the brother of mathematician Oliver Penrose and chess grandmaster Jonathan Penrose.
		In 1965 at Cambridge, Penrose and physicist Steven Hawking proved that singularities (such as fl holes) could be formed from the gravitational collapse of dying immense stars.
		This is based on claims that human consciousness transcends formal logic systems because things such as the insolvability of the halting problem and Gödel's incompleteness theorem restrict an algorithmically based logic from traits such as mathematical insight.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Roger_Penrose (1446 words)

	Review of GOD, TIME, AND KNOWLEDGE
		Third, it correctly situates the philosophical dispute over foreknowledge and freedom within its proper theological context and in so doing highlights the intimate connection between the doctrines of divine omniscience and divine providence.
		This is especially significant because much of the recent literature has been oblivious to the complications that arise once we take seriously the traditional theistic tenet that God, far from being a passive observer of the universe, is in fact its sovereign and provident governor.
		True, he is not the only distinguished contemporary Christian philosopher to have travelled this road; Richard Swinburne, John Lucas, and Peter Geach have preceded him.
	www.nd.edu /~afreddos/papers/godtime.htm (3233 words)

	Philosophy
		Similarly, many works of science fiction deal with philosophical and social issues, and these are listed separately, on the Science Fiction page.
		Descartes was an immediate precursor to the philosophers of the 18th century who were preoccupied with the question of whether humans were born with a soul, or were merely very complex machines.
		Philosophical essays on the self, the intellect, and consciousness.
	www.aaai.org /AITopics/html/phil.html (6591 words)

	School of Theology - Seton Hall University
		John Carroll has been convincingly portrayed as a man fully acquainted with, and imbued by, the spirit of the Enlightenment.
		Carroll passed over in silence the fact that Abelard, the gifted philosopher and famous teacher at Paris, was twice the age of his beautiful protegee and a cleric in minor orders when their celebrated affair began.
		The story of John Carroll's friendship with the convert Elizabeth Seton, pioneer foundress of Catholic parochial education and the first American Sisterhood, is well-known.
	theology.shu.edu /lectures/bishwomen.htm (6341 words)

	Sport
		In her treatment of Kingsley’s role in the history of human movement, sport, and aesthetic gymnastics, Bloomfield examines his mystical nature and his changing views on the religiosity of body, mind and soul.
		She also hypothesizes that Kingsley’s views were influenced by the work of the Swedish philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772).
		Lucas discusses the origin of and the influences on the philosophy of sport of Baron Pierre de Coupertin (1863-1937), founder of the modern Olympic Games.
	www2.bc.edu /~rappleb/kingsley/KSport.html (356 words)

	Jane Austen Biography
		Still in her teens and taken from her childhood home to stay with relatives in the fashionable spa of Bath, she and her brother James are taken up by Isabella and John Thorpe, social climbers who affect the fashionable cultures of female sensibility and male gallantry respectively.
		John Thorpe's attempt to impress the general by greatly exaggerating Catherine's fortune induces the general to consider her a suitable match for his son and to invite her to his estate, Northanger Abbey.
		Such is the lot of wives and daughters under the system of male primogeniture that was common at the time--and much criticized by feminists such as Mary Wollstonecraft.
	people.brandeis.edu /~teuber/austenbio.html (15016 words)

	Philosophical Dictionary: Ramsey-Reification
		British mathematician and philosopher who contributed to the second edition of Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica.
		Thus, for example, some philosophers have held that arithmetic can be reduced to logic, that the mental can be reduced to the physical, or that the life sciences can be reduced to the physical sciences.
		The philosophical reification of abstract concepts is commonly called hypostasization.
	www.philosophypages.com /dy/r.htm (1337 words)

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