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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: John M. Chivington
		Colonel John Chivington (1821-1894), born in Lebanon, Ohio, was the hero of Glorietta Pass and the man responsible for the Sand Creek Massacre.
		Chivington declared that his forces had fought a battle with hostile Indians and the action was initially celebrated as a victory, with some soldiers callously displaying Indian body parts as trophies.
		Chivington was something of a frontier minister, usually establishing congregations, supervising the erection of churches, and often serving as a de facto law enforcement officer.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/John-M.-Chivington (534 words)

	John Chivington - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Colonel John Milton Chivington (January 27, 1821-October 4, 1892) was a 19th century United States Army officer noted for his role in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War and in the Colorado War.
		Chivington declared that his forces had fought a battle with hostile Indians and the action was initially celebrated as a victory, with some soldiers callously displaying Indian body parts as trophies.
		Chivington was condemned for his part in the massacre, but he had already left the Army and the general post-Civil War amnesty meant that criminal charges could not be filed against him.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Chivington (873 words)

	John Chivington Information
		Colonel John Milton Chivington (January 27, 1821-October 4, 1892) was a 19th century United States Army officer noted for his role in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War and in the Colorado War.
		Chivington was condemned for his part in the massacre, but he had already left the Army and the general post-Civil War amnesty meant that criminal charges could not be filed against him.
		Chivington's younger brother is said to have been a Confederate colonel and fallen in battle in Missouri.
	www.bookrags.com /John_Chivington (841 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Glorietta Pass
		Union Maj. John M. Chivington led more than 400 soldiers to the Pass and on the morning of March 26 moved out to attack.
		Chivington advanced on them, but their artillery fire threw him back.
		Chivington’s men, how-ever, had destroyed all Scurry’s supplies and animals at Johnson’s Ranch, forcing him to retreat to Santa Fe, the first step on the long road back to San Antonio, Texas.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Glorietta-Pass (644 words)

	JOHN CHIVINGTON : Encyclopedia Entry
		John Milton Chivington (January 27, 1821 – October 4, 1892) was a 19th century United States Army officer noted for his role in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War and in the Colorado War.
		Chivington was unusual in becoming a (minor) military hero of the Civil War for an incident in which no one was actually killed or injured.
		Chivington and his men dressed their weapons, hats and gear with scalps and other body parts, including human fetuses and male and female genitalia.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/John_Chivington (1521 words)

	Battle of Glorieta Pass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Union forces were led by Colonel John P. Slough of the 1st Colorado Volunteers, with units under the command of Major John M. Chivington, who became known as the hero of the battle.
		Union Maj. John M. Chivington led more than 400 soldiers to the Pass and on the morning of March 26 moved out to attack.
		Chivington advanced on them, but their artillery fire threw him back.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Glorieta_Pass (1059 words)

	NATIVE AMERICAN WAYS
		Chivington, a former Methodist preacher with ambitions to become a territorial delegate to Congress, saw in the Indian wars an opportunity to gain the esteem he would need to win a government office.
		Chivington, wanting a battle before his men's three month enlistments expired, massacred and mutilated over 100 women and children and the few men who remained in the village after the main band had gone on a hunting party.
		John M. Chivington was born in Ohio and had spent years as a Methodist Minister before beginning his military career.
	www.legendarysurfers.com /naw/blog/2005/11/sand-hill-massacre.html (1688 words)

	Wikipedia: John Chivington
		Colonel John Chivington (1821-1894), born in Ohio, was the hero of Glorietta Pass and the man responsible for the Sand Creek Massacre.
		Because of his hatred of slavery, in 1856, Chivington recieved a threatening letter from pro-slavery members in his congregation.
		The investigation found no wrong-doing on Chivington's part, but the US Congress refused the Army's request to exterminate the Native population based on the testimony against Chivington.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/j/jo/john_chivington.html (256 words)

	PBS - THE WEST - John M. Chivington
		Chivington was born into an Ohio farm family in 1821.
		Chivington took advantage of this dangerous public mood by blasting the territorial governor and others who counseled peace and treaty-making with the Cheyenne.
		Although Chivington was eventually brought up on court-martial charges for his involvement in the massacre, he was no longer in the U.S. Army and could therefore not be punished.
	web.acsalaska.net /~prittgers/doctrine/geographic_strongholds/chivington/PBS_John_Chivington.htm (1142 words)

	John M. Chivington (Site not responding. Last check: )
		COL. JOHN M. CHIVINGTON, over six feet tall, wellpoised, modest, formerly an itinerant Methodist minister, Indian "fighter," and much criticized Colonel of a Colorado Regiment, visited the town named in his honor, in the spring of 1887.
		Col. Chivington was a subordinate army officer, subject to the commands of his superior.
		Chivington is entitled to a monument erected to his memory, for making this country safe for those whose fathers and mother settled and made homes in this country.
	www.eadseagles.com /johnmchivingtontext.htm (940 words)

	Sand Creek returned to rightful owners : ICT [2002/05/06]
		A ranch owned by William Dawson of Chivington, Colo. is believed to be the location of a Cheyenne and Arapaho village destroyed in a November 1864 tragedy that ended with the bodies of more than 200 women, children and elderly strewn over some 12,000 acres of land.
		Chivington told a gathering of Methodist deacons that he rejected any attempt to negotiate treaties with the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes.
		Chivington denied that any children were killed in the massacre, but his reputation was destroyed by the congressional hearings.
	www.indiancountry.com /content.cfm?id=1020645977 (816 words)

	Pecos National Historical Park - Battle of Glorieta (U.S. National Park Service)
		John M. Chivington, a Methodist minister, refused the commission of Chaplain and was designated a Major.
		Major John Chivington with over 400 infantrymen left Bernal Springs for Santa Fe where he planned to surprise what he believed to be a small force of Confederates.
		Chivington's group returned to support Colonel Slough, but when they arrived at Kozlowski's they learned their attack had caused Colonel Scurry to send Slough the flag of truce and the request for two days of cease fire.
	www.nps.gov /peco/historyculture/copy-of-battleofglorietta.htm (2324 words)

	picture Template
		John M Chivington was born to a small Ohio farm family in 1828.
		Chivington was quoted saying, "The Cheyennes will have to be roundly whipped -- or completely wiped out -- before they will be quiet.
		I say that if any of them are caught in your vicinity, the only thing to do is kill them." Later in 1864 Chivington led his men to slaughter the Cheyennes at Sand Creek.
	members.cox.net /sandcreekmassacre/Chivington.htm (70 words)

	Chivington, Colorado History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chivington could have been as famous as Dodge City if it had had some excitement like a gunfight, or a bank robbery by bandits, but it managed to avoid all of these things that we think of when we think of Western boom towns.
		The closure of the roundhouse and the extension of the railroad line was the main factor in the decline of Chivington.
		Chivington went from nothing but grassland and a place where an historic Indian battle had taken place 25 years earlier, to a bustling center of economic activity in only a few years.
	www.eadseagles.com /davischivington.htm (1079 words)

	John M. CHIVINGTON (1821 - 1892)
		John M. Chivington apparaît comme une des figures les plus controversées dans l'histoire de l'Ouest Américain.
		John M. Chivington est né le 27 janvier 1821 dans la ferme familiale, à Lebanon dans l'Ohio.
		Chivington était une sorte de ministre de la frontière, établissant des rassemblements, dirigeant la construction d'églises, et servant souvent d'officier de justice, pour faire appliquer la loi.
	www.medarus.org /NM/NMPersonnages/NM_10_02_Biog_Americans/nm_10_02_chivington.htm (1112 words)

	The Battle of Sand Creek/Chivington Massacre
		Territorial governor John Evans sent Col. John Chivington to quiet the Indians at the loaf of a locally-raised militia.
		Against the advice of military officers and civilians, Col. John M. Chivington, commandin' the District of Colorado under Curtis, led the 950 100-day blokes of the 3rd Colorado Cavalry, the 1st Colorado wiv its 2 'owitzers, and a detachment of the 1st New Mexico Infantry in reprisal against the Indians.
		Chivington also ignored the pleas of interpreter John Smith to break off the attack, and 'is blokes began shootin' indiscriminately, followin' 'is orders to not take any prisoners.
	www.thevalkyrie.com /clubhouse/cockney/cockney.cgi?url=http://www.mycivilwar.com/battles/641129b.htm (856 words)

	Native American Atrocities - The Sand Creek Massacre
		Though John Chivington had once belonged to the clergy, his compassion for his fellow man didn't extend to the Indians.
		Although he was informed that Black Kettle has already surrendered, Chivington pressed on with what he considered the perfect opportunity to further the cause for Indian extinction.
		Chivington was later denounced in a congressional investigation and forced to resign.
	www.lastoftheindependents.com /sandcreek.htm (806 words)

	Freedom: A History of US. Biography. John M. Chivington \| PBS
		After his father died around 1826, five-year-old Chivington, his mother, and brothers ran the family farm.
		Chivington did not believe whites should make treaties with the Cheyenne.
		Chivington was court-martialed and an army judge called the Sand Creek Massacre "a cowardly and cold-blooded slaughter." Chivington was forced to leave the military and stop running for political office.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/historyofus/web08/features/bio/B04.html (219 words)

	Reviews of 'Sand Creek'
		Chivington's militia of 500 civilian volunteers, with 250 Colorado First Regiment soldiers improperly commandeered by Chivington, ravaged the Sand Creek Indians, who had willfully surrendered to Major Edward Wynkoop as prisoners under the protection of the U.S. flag.
		Chivington, at the time technically a civilian acting under no military authority, then retreated back to Denver and boasted that his militia had decimated the bulk of the renegade Cheyenne Dog Soldiers.
		Many believed Chivington's primary reason for the attack was to enhance his military record before he entered a political career, and shortly afterwards the soldiers of Fort Lyon exposed Chivington's lie, which led to three congressional investigations into the matter.
	www.usingenglish.com /amazon/us/reviews/1420870432.html (2125 words)

	COL. JOHN M. CHIVINGTON
		Chivington, wanting a battle before his men's three month enlistments expired, massacred and mutilated over 100 women and children and the few men who remained in the village after the main band had gone on a hunting party.
		John M. Chivington was born in Ohio and had spent years as a Methodist Minister before beginning his military career.
		Chivington arrested 6 of his men, and charged them with cowardice--until it was determined they were 6 who refused to participate in massacre.
	www.geocities.com /~virtualtruth/chiving.htm (675 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Sand Creek (Site not responding. Last check: )
		SAND CREEK [Sand Creek] Colorado, site of a massacre (1864) of Cheyenne by Col. John M. Chivington and his Colorado Volunteers.
		The Cheyennes, led by their chief, Black Kettle, had offered to make peace and, at the suggestion of military personnel, had encamped at Sand Creek near Fort Lyon while awaiting word from the territory's governor.
		Chivington and his men, choosing to ignore a white flag, slaughtered and mutilated hundreds of men, women, and children.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/SandC1ree.asp (357 words)

	Sand Creek Massacre: A Closer Look
		John M. Chivington, Courtesy of the Colorado Historical Society.
		Two months later, on November 29, 1864, Chivington led his cavalry of 750 in a surprise attack on the Indians, killing 105 women and children and 28 men, as well as mutilating the dead and wounded.
		John M. Chivington at Camp Weld with Black Kettle and his men, Courtesy of Colorado Historical Society.
	www.buffalosoldier.net /SandCreekMassacre.htm (5262 words)

	John M. Chivington (1821-1894)
		Colonel John Milton Chivington (1821-1894) was a 19th century United States Army officer noted for his role in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War and in the Colorado War.
		Chivington was born into an Lebanon, Ohio farm family in 1821.
		During the early morning hours of November 29, 1864, he led a regiment of Colorado Volunteers to the Cheyenne's Sand Creek reservation, where a band led by Black Kettle, a well-known "peace" chief, was encamped.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /chron/civilwarnotes/chivington.html (1168 words)

	Book Review
		When the smoke cleared, Colonel John M. Chivington's troops returned to Denver, waving Indian scalps and body parts to an adoring crowd that hailed them as conquering heroes.
		Chivington claimed his militia decimated the Cheyenne and Arapaho nations — some five to six hundred warriors among them, including the fearsome Cheyenne Dog Soldiers.
		Union soldiers accused Chivington of conducting a wholesale massacre of Indian prisoners camped under the protection of the army, claiming the majority of the 160 killed were women, children and elderly.
	www.allreaders.com /BookRView.asp?BRID=124088 (230 words)

	Inventory & Samples from the Governor John Evans Collection (1833 - 1885)
		John Evans to Hannah Canby re: Courtship and Marriage Proposal
		John Evans to Congress re: "Reply of Governor Evans of the Territory of Colorado…Massacre of the Cheyenne Indians"
		John Evans to General Assembly of Colorado re: Memorial praying for the passage of SB 1 and HB 19 in relation to railroad construction and operation
	www.colorado.gov /dpa/doit/archives/evans/per.htm (1907 words)

	Chronicles of Oklahoma
		Colonel Chivington's requests that the Commission delay its organization until he prepared objections, that news reporters be allowed, and that the sessions be open to the public, were denied.
		John Smith, who had married the daughter of One Eye, was kept under guard by Colonel Chivington, who feared he would warn the Indians, for a period of three days before and during the massacree.
		Cramer further testified he told Colonel Chivington, that since Major Wynkoop had pledged his word to the Indians, all the officers under him were indirectly pledged in the same manner.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /Chronicles/v016/v016p444.html (7164 words)

	Colorado Volunteers Civil War
		Their first colonel was John P. Slough, who resigned and was replaced by Major John M. Chivington in April 1862.
		The 3rd Colorado Infantry was raised by "General" William Larimer, one of the founders of Denver, in the fall of 1862.
		M.S. Elswick is a native of Colorado and has been a Historical Society volunteer and researcher for several years, with a primary focus on the early territorial period.
	www.colorado.gov /dpa/doit/archives/civwar/civilwar.html (2229 words)

	Road To Glorieta page43 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Colonel Chivington had full knowledge of the Indians friendly character and was to some extent instrumental in placing them in their position of fancied security.
		Chivington, who gave an inflammatory speech before the attack, watched with indifference as his men horribly mutilated the bodies of their victims.
		Because of his actions at Apache Canyon and Glorieta pass, John Chivington should have won a place of lasting respect in the annals of American history.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~donh/page43.html (408 words)

	The Sand Creek Massacre Pg 4
		The first regiment, Colonel Chivington, part of companies C,D,E,G, H and K, numbering altogether about two hundred and fifty men, was divided into two battalions; the first under command of Major Anthony, and the second under Lieutenant Wilson, until the latter was disabled, when the command devolved upon Lieutenant Dunn.
		By all means let there be an investigation, but we advise the honorable congressional committee, who may be appointed to conduct it, to get their scalps insured before they pass Plum creek on their way out.
		I said, "I can't help it." I then walked on towards where Colonel Chivington was standing by his camp-fire; when I had got within a few feet of him I heard a gun fired, and saw a crowd run to my lodge, and they told me that Jack was dead.
	www.snowwowl.com /swolfscmassacre4.html (9035 words)

	Colonel J. M. Chivington
		Interrogatories propounded to John M. Chivington by the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, and answers thereto given by said Chivington reduced to writing, and subscribed and sworn to before Alexander W. Atkins, notary public, at Denver, in the Territory of Colorado.
		It is alleged that groceries were taken from John Smith, United States Indian interpreter for Upper Arkansas agency, who was in the Indian camp at the time of the attack, trading goods, powder, lead, cap, andc., to the Indians.
		They said there were three or four small war parties of their young men out on the war path against the whites at that time.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Oracle/9846/chivington.html (2299 words)

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