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	John Rollin Ridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Rollin Ridge (Cherokee name: Cheesquatalawny, or Yellow Bird, March 19, 1827–October 5, 1867), a member of the Cherokee tribe, is considered the first Native American novelist.
		Born in New Echota, Georgia, he was the son of John Ridge, and the grandson of Major Ridge, both of whom were signatories to the Treaty of New Echota, which ceded Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi River and ultimately led to the Trail of Tears.
		During the Civil War, Ridge openly supported the "Copperheads" and opposed both the election of Abraham Lincoln as well as the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, blaming the war on abolitionists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Rollin_Ridge (649 words)

	John Ridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Ridge (1792 - June 22, 1839, Translated Cherokee Name: Yellow Bird) was the son of Major Ridge and a member of the Cherokee Tribe.
		His son John Rollin Ridge wrote the pseudo-biography of Joaquin Murieta that inspired the Zorro legend.
		John Ridge was a part of the Ridge Party, a group that advocated for the removal of the Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Ridge (182 words)

	American Passages - Unit 5. Masculine Heroes: Authors
		During Ridge's youth, the tribe was troubled by white settlers' increasing encroachment on its lands and by mounting pressure from the United States government to relocate to less desirable lands in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma).
		The Ridge family led the faction that wished to accommodate U.S. federal policy and was instrumental in signing the treaty that led to the infamous Trail of Tears migration (1838-39).
		John Ridge, just twelve years old at the time, determined to avenge his father's death and to reassert his family's leadership of the tribe.
	www.learner.org /amerpass/unit05/authors-8.html (620 words)

	John Rollin Ridge
		Ridge's own brief account of his parentage, and that dark misfortune of his childhood which cast a shadow over his whole life, as we find it in a letter written by him to a friend in 1849— only a few months before he came to California.
		My father, the late John Ridge, as you know, was one of the Chiefs of his tribe, and son of the warrior and orator distinguished in Cherokee Councils and battles, who was known amongst the whites as Major Ridge, and amongst his own people as Ka-nun-ta-cla-ge.
		John Ridge was at this time the most powerful man in the Nation, and it was necessary for Ross, in order to realize his ambitious scheme for ruling the whole Nation, not only to put the Ridges out of the way, but those who most prominently supported them, lest they might cause trouble afterwards.
	www.anpa.ualr.edu /digital_library/jrr/preface.htm (1901 words)

	Major Ridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		By the time Ridge becomes a warrior in 1788, the agreement at Hopewell has been repeatedly broken by both sides and the Chickamauga (Ridge's tribe) are in revolt.
		Ridge is convinced over a period of several years, but John Ross and an overwhelming majority of the Cherokee are against removal.
		Ridge, John and Buck lay dead less than six months afterr the arrival of the Cherokee in the Oklahoma Territory.
	www.fatherryan.org /TrailofTears/ridge.html (354 words)

	Major Ridge, Cherokee Chief who led the tribe on the path to acculturation
		By 1800 the tribal council acknowledges the Cherokee Triumvirate of Ridge, Vann and Hicks.
		It is said that Ridge's canoe is the first to cross the Tallapoosa River as the Cherokee attack from the rear during the Battle of Horseshoe Bend(1814).
		Shortly after the women's parents relent and John Ridge and she were married.
	ngeorgia.com /people/ridge.html (1765 words)

	Chronicles of Oklahoma
		John Rollin Ridge was born in the old Cherokee Nation east of the Mississippi in 1827.
		JOHN R. A little over two years later Ridge wrote a letter to his mother to which he appended a lengthy postscript with the request that it be passed on to Stand Watie so that the latter might know something of his kinsman’s plans.
		John Rollin Ridge had kept in close touch with his friends and relatives during the period of the war and now journeyed from California to become the head of this southern delegation of his people.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /Chronicles/v004/v004p312.html (3192 words)

	Chronicles of Oklahoma
		John R. Ridge was editor of the California Express published at Marysville before the Civil war and was after the war editor of the Daily National Democrat, which paper was merged with the Marysville Appeal, and this paper is yet being published at Marysville, California.
		It is said that Elizabeth Ridge was always deeply loyal to the Cherokee tradition and contended that her daughter's ability was an endowment from the old Cherokee blood.
		Another treasure of the Ridge descendants is said to be a journal kept by John Ridge in 1835 and 1836 during his negotiations at Washington at that time.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /Chronicles/v010/v010p560.html (2915 words)

	American Passages - Unit 5. Masculine Heroes: Author Activities
		John Rollin Ridge was born into an important Cherokee family in Georgia.
		Ridge later married a white woman and rejoined the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma.
		His father, John Ridge, was educated in New England and married a white woman.
	www.learner.org /amerpass/unit05/author_activ-8c.html (326 words)

	Pitter's Cherokee Trails - Major Ridge-Watie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Four children was born to the Ridge and Schoya (whose name was later changed to Susanna), including two sons John and Walter, a daughter Sarah and another son that died at birth.
		It is said that the Ridge was the first to cross the Tallapoosa River as the Cherokee attack from the rear during the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814.
		In his home of Honey Creek, John Ridge was dragged from his bed by three masked intruders, hauled to the yard, where the rest of the party waited and with Sarah and their children watching, was stabbed twenty- five times by the invaders.
	rosecity.net /cherokee/ridge.html (1381 words)

	chiefhistory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Ridge is a translation of the name "Ca-nung-da-cla-geh" which he received as a young man. The name was given to Ridge because he was seen to be a man of vision as if he were looking at the world from a mountain ridge top.
		In 1814, Ridge's troops were a decisive factor in the defeat of the Creeks at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
		John Ridge was dragged from his bed and, in front of his wife and children, he was stabbed twenty-five times, had his throat slit, was thrown into the air and then trampled by his assailants.
	www.chieftainsmuseum.org /chiefhistory.html (1179 words)

	JOHN RIDGE
		Ridge begins, “The Cherokee Nation is bounded on the North by east Tennessee and North Carolina, east by Georgia, south by the Creek Nation and state of Alabama, and west by west Tennessee.
		The Venerable Rev. John Gambold and his amiable Lady were a standing monument of Industry, Goodness and friendship.
		As far as they had means, they converted the "Wilderness to blossom as the Rose." There the boys and girls were taught to read and write, and occasionally labor in the Garden and in the field.
	www.stolaf.edu /people/fitz/COURSES/Cherokee.htm (3829 words)

	Major Ridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		When John Ross heard of Major Ridge's fate, he said "Once I saved Ridge at Red Clay, and would have done so again had I known of the plot." The feud went on for years, even after Oklahoma became a state in 1907.
		Major Ridge's home in Rome, Georgia, is the Chieftains Museum/Major Ridge Home, a national Historic Landmark and a certified historic and interpretive site on the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail.
		Major Ridge's and John Ridge's portraits are in the Smithsonian archives.
	www.georgiatribeofeasterncherokee.com /MajorRidge.htm (618 words)

	hist0622
		Today, early in the morning, John Ridge will be dragged from his bed, and stabbed to death.
		The leaders of the Treaty Party, in the Cherokee Nation, were The Ridge (or, as he was commonly called, Major Ridge), John Ridge (who was a son of Major Ridge) and Elias Boudinot (who was a nephew of Major Ridge).
		The woman's parents move to prevent the marriage on religious grounds and Ridge confronts the Morovians with a direct question -- "Is there anything in your Bible to prevent such a marriage?" The Morovians assure him that there is not, but they are concerned that the powerful chief does not believe them.
	nativenewsonline.org /history/hist0622.html (2068 words)

	The Union - Today's Feature
		John Rollin Ridge was the son of a powerful Cherokee family.
		John Rollin was particularly interested in Cherokee politics and closely followed the developments within the tribe.
		Ridge is also considered to be one of the founding members of the Sacramento Bee.
	www.theunion.com /article/20050917/TODAYSFEATURE/109170135 (1329 words)

	Godfrey Ridge of Old Rowan County, North Carolina
		John Bell was a neighbor, and was also the head of the household for John Cody (recorded by the clerk as Condy) in 1768 (10).
		Godfrey Ridge's land on Jackson Creek in Randolph County was referenced in one survey in preparation for the resale of the confiscated land to a John Clarke (15).
		Samuel Ridge was bound for the recognizance of Pegy Wever and Sary Ridge.
	www.mindspring.com /~baumbach/cody/ridge/godfrey2.htm (7616 words)

	Captain John Fielder and Nancy Ridge
		John was accused of helping Winneford Ridge, wife of William Ridge, deceased in 1780, and William T. Lewis to illegally dispose of property to defy the Confiscation Act, whereby the General Assembly authorized the seizure of all property of known Tories.
		In 1784, a John Fielder was living in Surry County, although in the court record to probabe the estate of William Ridge held in February, the wording suggested that Capt. John Fielder had moved away from Surry County, North Carolina.
		Nancy Fielder, wife of John Fielder, Jr, was a daughter of William Ridge, as stated by the deponents for William T. Lewis.
	www.mindspring.com /~baumbach/cody/ridge/nancy.htm (3194 words)

	East Gakkel Ridge Volcanoes - John Seach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Gakkel Ridge is one of the least explored places on our world.
		It is the deepest and most remote mid-ocean ridge on our planet - a place where the sea floor is being pushed apart by upwellings of magma from inside the Earth.
		The spreading ridges in the Pacific Ocean, widen 20 times faster, or about as fast as your fingernails grow.
	www.volcanolive.com /gakkel.html (131 words)

	RIVER RISING: The Blue Ridge Rangers John Fogerty album
		From "Workin' on a Building" (a traditional gospel tune) to Hank Williams' "Jambalaya," BLUE RIDGE RANGERS is a complete journey to the deep wells of American folk, bluegrass and traditional music, the music John Fogerty grew up listening to.
		The fact that "The Blue Rigde Rangers" cited John Fogerty as arranger and producer only masked the fact that JF sang and played all the instruments on the album, a true one-mand-bandship.
		Fogerty's insistence on anonymity was later explained as a wish to distance himself from the shadow of Creedence and to make a stand on the merits of his music alone.
	members.tripod.com /riverising/john-albums/BlueRidgeRangersLP.html (307 words)

	NPP Tropical Forest: John Crow Ridge, Jamaica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The John Crow Ridge study area (18.08 N 76.65 W) comprises four sub-sites (one measured at two similar locations), selected on the Grand Ridge of the western Blue Mountains, between Morce's Gap and John Crow Peak.
		The forest floor at one sub-site (Mor Ridge) was overlain by a 30-50 cm layer of mor humus with a high C/N ratio.
		These figures are lower than for lowland tropical forest, with a greater proportion accounted for by leaf turnover; this is reflected by the relatively low stature of the upper montane forest.
	daac.ornl.gov /NPP/site_des/jhn_des.html (360 words)

	The John Ridge Family
		Note: John Rollin Ridge was forced to kill a pro-Ross man, Judge David Kell, in self-defense.
		John Prout Northrop was the Steward at the Cornwall Mission School while the
		While still a little girl, her sister married the noted Cherokee leader, John Ridge, with whom she spent some time in his Georgia home before the Cherokee's moved West.
	www.paulridenour.com /jridge.htm (1963 words)

	Caribbean Villas - Cinnamon Ridge - St John, Virgin Islands
		St. John is blessed with many outstanding villas and dozens of picturesque locations, but the location, design and amenities of this superb villa make it quite unique.
		This National Park setting is the very essence of island splendor, with magnificent day and evening views, undisturbed privacy and total peace and quiet, yet you are only a 1/2 mile from one of the world's most beautiful beaches.
		We proudly recommend Cinnamon Ridge for families, couples and small business groups, and especially for romantic occasions and special celebrations.
	www.caribbeanvilla.com /cridge/cridge.html (704 words)

	John Rollin Ridge - University of Nebraska Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Ridge was born to a prominent Cherokee Indian family in 1827, a tumultuous and violent time when the state of Georgia was trying to impose its sovereignty on the Cherokee Nation and whites were pressing against its borders.
		James W. Parins places Ridge in the circle of his family and recreates the circumstances surrounding the assassination of his father (before his eyes) and his grandfather and uncle by rival Cherokees, led by John Ross.
		Eventful chapters portray the boy’s flight with his mother and her family to Arkansas, his classical education there, his killing of a Ross loyalist and subsequent exile in California during the gold rush, his talent as a romantic poet and author, and his career as a journalist.
	www.nebraskapress.unl.edu /bookinfo/2272.html (303 words)

	Native American Authors: John Rollin Ridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		John Rollin Ridge was born in the eastern Cherokee Nation where he was home schooled.
		He was raised by well educated parents who wanted the same for their children.
		Ridge received further education at the Great Barrington Academy in Massachusetts, then studied law in Fayetteville, Arkansas.
	www.ipl.org /div/natam/bin/browse.pl/A87 (91 words)

	Cinnamon Ridge, St. John Villa
		Cinnamon Ridge is located above Cinnamon Beach about 1/8 of a mile from its exquisite neighbor, Highpoint.
		John is the closest to a true Caribbean experience that visitors to the U. Virgin Islands can have.
		There is little in the way of night life and daytime activities are predominated by the water, Island Hideaways' villa renters will find magnificent beaches and island exploration.
	www.islandhideaways.com /villa.php?villa_id=42 (646 words)

	Major Ridge Stand Watie Elias Boudinot
		This webpage has genealogies of the Ridge, Watie, Boudinot, Paschal, Polson, Washbourne, Northrop/Northrup, and McNeir families.
		Major Ridge and John Ridge letter to the Essex Register 1838
		John Ridge's daughter Flora Chamberlin Ridge and Dr. William
	www.paulridenour.com /mrmain.htm (570 words)

	Blue Ridge Breezes - John A. Mason - Hammered Dulcimer and Guitar
		He not only fills the air with beautiful tunes, he also shares the heritage of our traditional mountain music with the guests.
		John can spin a tale and a tune, and delights visitors of all ages.
		John delighted Park Assistants when he wrote a "ragg" just for us!
	www.blueridgebreezes.com (132 words)

	Amazon.com: The Blue Ridge Rangers: Music: John Fogerty,The Blue Ridge Rangers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		I have always appreciated his interest in themes and styles from traditional/folk/country and love "Blue Moon Swamp", but had not realized that gospel/bluegrass was part of the mix.
		But where the Ramones chose to amp up the 50's, John Fogarty always chanelled old blues and country music and his love of the latter is nowhere more obvious than on this CD.
		Track 1 Blue ridge mouintain blues set`s the standard, with it`s rythmic swing with enough musical yiaah to make the day.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000000XC0?v=glance (1272 words)

	PAL: John Rollin Ridge (1827-1867)
		Christensen, Peter G. "Minority Interaction in John Rollin Ridge's The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murieta." MELUS 17.2 (Sumr 1991-1992): 61-72.
		"'The [Safe] White Side of the Line': History and Disguise in John Rollin Ridge's The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murieta: The Celebrated California Bandit." American Transcendental Quarterly 8.3 (Sep 1994): 173-87.
		Rowe, John C. "Highway Robbery: 'Indian Removal,' The Mexican-American War, and American Identity in The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murieta." Novel 31.2 (Sprg 1998): 149-73.
	www.csustan.edu /english/reuben/pal/chap3/ridge.html (270 words)

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