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	John T. Scopes
		John T. Scopes (August 3, 1900 - October 21, 1970) was a schoolteacher who, in 1925, at the age of 24, was charged on May 25, 1925 with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools.
		In the so-called Scopes Monkey Trial, he was defended by Clarence Darrow and others from the ACLU, and prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan.
		After the trial, Scopes was mainly employed by the oil industry, in both America and Venezuela.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/jo/John_Scopes.html (101 words)

	Smithsonian Institution Archives
		Scopes was tried and convicted for violating a state law prohibiting the teaching of the theory of evolution.
		The 24-year-old Scopes was in his first job after graduating from the University of Kentucky in 1924.
		Defense lawyers for Scopes (John R. Neal, Arthur Garfield Hays, and Dudley Field Malone) are visible seated to the extreme right.
	www.siarchives.si.edu /research/scopes.html (855 words)

	Scopes Monkey Trial
		When the young teacher John Scopes was charged in Dayton, Tennessee under the Butler Act for teaching "any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible," the case became the trial of the century.
		Scopes was brought into the case by the ACLU.
		The Scopes Monkey Trial was just one example of the clash between the generations of the 1920's.
	www.angelfire.com /co/pscst/monkey.html (286 words)

	The Scopes Trial: Frequently Rebutted Assertions. By W. R. Elsberry.
		The facts are that the purpose of the Scopes Trial was to begin a process of judicial review of the Butler Act, which did not proceed to a federal court as the ACLU had planned.
		Scopes was convicted and fined under the Butler Act, but the Tennessee Supreme Court upheld the law while overturning the conviction on a technicality.
		Scopes was indicted under the Butler Act and the case set for trial on July 10th.
	www.antievolution.org /topics/law/scopes/scopes.html (3409 words)

	John T. Scopes @ TourSalem!! - www.TourSalem.com
		John Thomas Scopes, 24 years, indicted for teaching evolution in Dayton, Tenn., High School is present in New York securing counsel and advisers to face his trial, July 16th.
		They planned to ride high, wide and handsome in the way of prices, which Scopes says disgusted him and he told them frankly it was a poor sample of southern hospitality, and suggested that every visitor be given a square deal.
		The whole matter has assumed the portion of Dayton and her merchants endeavoring to secure a large amount of notoriety and publicity with an open question as whether Scopes is a party to the plot or not.
	www.gosalem.com /toursalem/misc/vtours/scopes1.htm (253 words)

	NPR : Timeline: Remembering the Scopes Monkey Trial
		Scopes agrees, even though he has only taught biology as a substitute teacher and later says he isn't sure he covered evolution in his classes.
		Scopes is recruited to write news stories on the trial for some of the delinquent journalists.
		Scopes returns to the town for the premiere and is given the key to the city.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=4723956 (2742 words)

	Inherently Wind: A Hollywood History of the 1925 Scopes 'Monkey' Trial
		Scopes maintained to his death in 1970 that he never taught evolution during the two weeks he substituted for the biology teacher but rather simply reviewed the students for their final exam.
		Scopes' fiance "Rachel Brown" is called as a witness and is badly mistreated by Bryan who forces her to testify against her own fiance by insisting that she repeat deeply personal conversations between her and Scopes which Bryan had pried out of her in "confidence" only the night before.
		John Scopes' guilt or innocence was not even a primary concern of any of the participants in the trial.
	www.gennet.org /facts/scopes.html (6144 words)

	The Greatest Trials of All Time
		When state legislator John Butler wrote the Butler Act, banning the teaching of evolution in public schools, the state's fundamentalists felt their interests were at last being legally protected.
		Judge John Raulston, who presided over the trial, carried a Bible with him into the courtroom, opened each day with a prayer, and only grudgingly removed a banner in the court reminding jurors to "Read Your Bible." Only one of twelve jurors was not a church member.
		The science at the heart the Scopes trial eventually took root in public schools, but it was on Dayton's soil that perhaps the most notable battle this century between science and religion was fought.
	www.courttv.com /greatesttrials/scopes/versus.html (854 words)

	Tennessee Vs. John Scopes:
		Tennessee vs. John Scopes: The monkey trial It was the year 1925 and in the town of Dayton, Tennessee a trial that would decide whether evolution could or could not be taught in schools was taking place.
		This trial was Tennessee vs. John Scopes and is commonly known as the monkey trial.
		Scopes was a math teacher and football coach who had filled in for the sick biology teacher for two weeks at the end of the school year.
	www.freeessays.cc /db/26/hmd422.shtml (1246 words)

	[No title]
		Scopes is accused of teaching evolution to his students, in violation of Tennessee's freshly-minted February 1925 Butler Act...also known as the antievolution act.
		The narrow purpose of the defense is to establish the innocence of the defendant Scopes.
		Scopes did teach what the children said he taught, that man descended from a lower order of animals -- we do not mean to contradict that, and I think to save time we will ask the court to bring in the jury and instruct the jury to find the defendant guilty.
	nat.org /scopes.txt (5454 words)

	JURIST - State v. John Scopes (The "Monkey Trial")
		Scopes replied that while filling in for the regular biology teacher during an illness, he had assigned readings on evolution from the book for review purposes.
		The defense's goal was not to win acquittal for John Scopes, but rather to obtain a declaration by a higher court--preferably the U.S. Supreme Court--that laws forbidding the teaching of evolution were unconstitutional.
		The Scopes trial by no means ended the debate over the teaching of evolution, but it did represent a significant setback for the anti-evolution forces.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /trials1.htm (2125 words)

	The Truth About Inherit the Wind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Scopes was surprised to hear how relatively knowledgeable the student witnesses were, and he speculated that they must have picked up what they knew somewhere else and come to associate it with his class.
		Scopes himself knew little beyond the rudiments, and the defense thought it best to keep him off the stand, where his lack of knowledge (not to mention his uncertainty as to whether he had taught the subject) might prove embarrassing.
		Scopes attended a dinner given by the Dayton Progressive Club in honor of Bryan's arrival, and Bryan, famous for remembering people, recognized Scopes as one of a gaggle of giggling graduates he had addressed at a high school commencement six years earlier.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft9702/iannone.html (3554 words)

	Evolution: Library: Scopes Trial
		In 1925, John Scopes was convicted and fined $100 for teaching evolution in his Dayton, Tenn., classroom.
		But one thing the Scopes "monkey trial" of 1925 did not do was settle the contentious issue of evolution in the schools, which continues to incite strong passions and court actions to this day.
		John Scopes, the 24-year-old defendant, taught in the public high school in Dayton, Tenn., and included evolution in his curriculum.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/08/2/l_082_01.html (466 words)

	AAAS - AAAS News Release
		In the trial, John Thomas Scopes, a high school science teacher in Dayton, was convicted of teaching evolution, which had been outlawed earlier that year by Tennessee's Butler Act.
		John M. Braverman, a visiting professor of biology at Georgetown, served as discussant and noted that it still remains to be seen whether giving the public accurate information on science—as Science Service sought to do with its reporting in Dayton—will alone ultimately change minds of those who criticize evolution.
		Braverman said that if he were called to testify at a modern version of the Scopes trial, he would discuss the strong evidence for evolution that has been emerging through the comparative study of the genetic blueprints of various organisms.
	www.aaas.org /news/releases/2005/0722scopes.shtml (1039 words)

	The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes: The "Monkey Trial" and the Movie
		The Scopes Trial also produced what the New York Times called "the most amazing courtroom scene in Anglo-American history," the calling of prosecutor William Jennings Bryan to the stand by defense attorney Clarence Darrow for examination on the question whether every story in the Bible was literally true.
		But when they asked Scopes, he indicated that having a headline-maker like Darrow would be a good balance to the publicity-grabbing Bryan, who had already signed on for the prosecution.
		Scopes returned for the first time in over 30 years and was presented with the key to the city of Dayton by the mayor who proclaimed it "Scopes Trial Day."
	lifeloom.com /II2Shmurak.htm (2528 words)

	Clarence Darrow and the Scopes Monkey Trial
		John T. Scopes, a well-respected teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, was arrested on May 5, 1925, for teaching the work of Charles Darwin to his high school students.
		The citizens of Dayton and the onlookers that were drawn from the surrounding areas immediately took the idea that Bryan was a holy crusader battling Satan, and capitalized on it in the form of signs, pamphlets, and souvenirs.
		Scopes wrote that “Barnum and Bailey would have been pressed hard to produce more acts and sideshows and freaks than Dayton had.” (Scopes 77) Darrow and Bryan had transformed a quiet, sleepy little town into a circus.
	www.georgetownwebdesign.com /ed/darrow.html (2109 words)

	The Truth About The "Scopes Monkey Trial"
		John Scopes was not even a Biology Teacher.
		John Scopes was not even in school on the day mentioned in the indictment.
		On days that Scopes was late for the trial, the proceedings often started without him.
	www.traviscase.org /Sermons/Genesis/TruthScopesMonkeyTrial.html (2281 words)

	Some Facts about the Scopes Monkey Trial
		In 1925, Dayton, Tennessee, public schoolteacher John Scopes was taken to court for teaching evolution, which had earlier been banned by the state of Tennessee.
		One of the myths is that Scopes was the victim of a fundamentalist witch-hunt.
		After all the ruckus, John Scopes never spent any time in jail; he was fined $100, but that conviction was later overturned on a technicality (Ibid.).
	www.rae.org /scopestrial.html (660 words)

	William Jennings Bryan's Closing Statement in the Trial of John Scopes
		Scopes, fetched from a tennis court, comes to Robinson's and indicates his willingness to be a defendant.
		Among the arrivals are journalist H. Mencken, the father of John Scopes, and defense lawyers Dudley Field Malone and Arthur Garfield Hays.
		George John Romanes, a distinguished biologist, sometimes called the successor of Darwin, was prominent enough to be given extended space in both the "Encyclopedia Britannica" and the "Encyclopedia Americana." Like Darwin, he was reared in the orthodox faith, and like Darwin, was led away from it by evolution (see "Thoughts on Religion," page 180).
	www.csudh.edu /oliver/smt310-handouts/wjb-last/wjb-last.htm (11803 words)

	Inherit the Wind: an historical analysis
		Scopes was not a biology teacher; he filled in as a substitute for two weeks near the end of the school year for the biology teacher, who was ill. Scopes’ involvement in the trial was a wilful decision on his part.
		The Play: Scope’s fiancée ‘Rachel Brown’ is called as a witness and is badly mistreated by Bryan, who forces her to testify against her boyfriend by insisting she repeat deeply personal conversations between her and Scopes (which Bryan had pried out of her in ‘confidence’ before the trial).
		All of Scopes’ expenses relating to the trial were covered by vested interests, as was the tuition for his graduate education after the trial.
	www.answersingenesis.org /creation/v19/i1/scopes.asp (2914 words)

	Today in History: May 5
		Scopes had agreed to act as defendant in a case intended to test Tennessee's new law prohibiting the teaching of evolution in its public schools.
		The trial was such a media circus that, on the seventh day in the courtroom, the judge felt compelled to move the proceedings outdoors under a tent due to the unbearable heat and for fear that the weight of all the spectators and reporters would cause the floor to cave in.
		As Judge John T. Raulston incrementally disallowed the use of the trial as a forum on the merits or validity of Darwin's theory, the trial swiftly drew to a close.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/may05.html (1083 words)

	The Constitution, Censorship, and the Schools: Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes
		John Thomas Scopes, the so-called “monkey trial” held in Dayton, Tennessee in July, 1925, in which a science teacher was arrested for teaching evolution in violation of the state laws at that time.
		Scopes admitted he was opposed to the Tennessee anti-evolution law because he did not think that the state should tell all the Tennessee schools what could and could not be taught, that was a matter for a local or county school board, not the state.
		If so, after an impartial examination of evidence (three of Scopes’ students had to be rounded up in order to give statements to the jury), it was found that the teacher broke the law, then it was their duty to return a report to the judge so stating.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/pubs/A5/herndon.html (9429 words)

	John Scopes
		John Scopes credits his English born father, Thomas Scopes, as being the major influence in his life.
		Scopes answered, “Yes,” then went on to explain that, while substituting for the regular biology teacher in April 1925, he had assigned his students Hunter’s chapter on evolution.
		Scopes later described the fateful meeting at Robinson’s that led to his agreeing to test the Butler Act as “just a drugstore conversation that got past control.” Many times over the coming months, he would regret having anything to do with the case.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/SCO_SCO.HTM (3109 words)

	John T. Scopes UFO photo hoax
		John Thomas Scopes was the defendant in the famous Scopes “monkey” trial in Dayton, Tennessee in 1925.
		Scopes was found guilty of breaking the law, and the judge fined him $100.
		As much as we would like to pin more quackery on Scopes than just his views of evolution, we have to say the Science News photo — with the sarsaparilla stains but without the UFO — is taken from the original.
	www.users.bigpond.com /rdoolan/ScopesUFO.html (691 words)

	The Monkey Trial
		Far from being arrested by hostile henchmen, Scopes was arrested by his friend, Sue Hicks, the City Attorney of Dayton (and the original “boy named Sue” of Johnny Cash fame).
		After his arrest, Scopes was put in jail where he was hit in the head by a bottle thrown through the window of his cell, burned in effigy, threatened with being lynched from a “sour apple tree,” and generally made to fear for his life.
		a favorite of the ACLU and, prior to the Scopes case, he was considered by that organization to be a model statesman of the “progressive” sort.
	www.themonkeytrial.com (7208 words)

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