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	John von Neumann
		An astoundingly creative mathematician, John von Neumann has played a rather important role in post-war economic theory through two essential pieces of work: his 1937 paper on a multi-sectoral growth model and his 1944 book (with Oskar Morgenstern) on game theory and uncertainty.
		John von Neumann's famous 1937 paper, initially written under the auspices of the famous "Vienna Colloquium" and derived from his reading of Wicksell and Cassel, has been called "the greatest paper in mathematical economics that was ever written" (E. Roy Weintraub, 1983).
		John von Neumann's 1944 book with Oskar Morgenstern, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior was a landmark of twentieth century social science.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/neumann.htm (515 words)

	Big Ideas. Big Thinkers. John von Neumann \| Thirteen/WNET
		John von Neumann, one of the original six mathematics professors at the Institute for Advanced Study, left an indelible mark on the fields of mathematics, quantum theory, nuclear physics, and computer science.
		John von Neumann was born in Budapest, Hungary in 1903.
		Von Neumann lectured as a professor at the University of Berlin from 1926 to 1929.
	www.thirteen.org /bigideas/neumann.html (508 words)

	Neumann
		Von Neumann was invited to Princeton University in 1930, and was one of four people selected for the first faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study, where he was a mathematics professor from its formation in 1933 until his death.
		Von Neumann gave his name to the von Neumann architecture used in most non-parallel-processing computers, because of his publication of the concept, though many feel that this naming ignores the contribution of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly who worked on the concept during their work on ENIAC.
		Von Neumann proved that the most effective way large-scale mining operations such as mining an entire moon or asteroid belt can be accomplished is through the use of self-replicating machines, to take advantage of the exponential growth of such mechanisms.
	cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at /index.php?id=346 (961 words)

	NJSZT Website
		Neumann János was born in 1903 in Budapest, he received his secondary education in the capital of Hungary.
		John von Neumann died in 1957 in Washington.
		John von Neumann Computer Society supports the activities of leading personalities and companies of the industry by staging conferences and running workshops as well as by virtue of regular events of its technical working units aiming at promoting the exchange of experience and information among computer professionals.
	www.njszt.hu /neumann/neumann.head.page?nodeid=210 (1023 words)

	John von Neumann - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Von Neumann had collaborated with spy Klaus Fuchs on hydrogen bomb development, and the two filed a secret patent on "Improvement in Methods and Means for Utilizing Nuclear Energy" in 1946, which outlined a scheme for using a fission bomb to compress fusion fuel to initiate a thermonuclear reaction.
		Von Neumann proved that the most effective way large-scale mining operations such as mining an entire moon or asteroid belt could be accomplished is by using self-replicating machines, taking advantage of their exponential growth.
		Von Neumann experienced a lightning-like academic career similar to the velocity of his own intellect, obtaining at the age of 29 one of the first five professorships at the new Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton (another had gone to Albert Einstein).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_von_Neumann (3832 words)

	Nash
		His theory, now called the Nash equilibrium, is a corollary of the minimax theorem stated earlier by John Von Neumann in 1928.
		John Nash was born in the small Appalachian town of Bluefield, West Virginia, the son of John Nash Sr., an electrical engineer, and Virginia Martin, a teacher.
		John became a mathematician, but, like his father, he was diagnosed a paranoid schizophrenic.
	cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at /index.php?id=348 (960 words)

	John von Neumann, Biography: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		John von Neumann, whom people called Johnny, was a brilliant mathematician and physicist who also made three fundamental contributions to economics.
		Together, von Neumann and Morgenstern revived and mathematically structured the idea that individuals appear to be choosing among alternatives with probabilistic outcomes to maximize the expected amount of some measure of value termed "utility." This made clearer Knight's concept of risk.
		Von Neumann was born in Hungary and published his first mathematical paper at age eighteen.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/bios/Neumann.html (554 words)

	Von Neumann (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For example, the winners of 41% of the Wolf Prize in Mathematics are Jews; 42% of the winners of the Bocher Memorial Prize in mathematics are Jews and 44% of the winners of the Frank Nelson Cole Prize in Algebra and Numbers theory are Jews.
		During the second World War von Neumann was instrumental in proposing implosion as a method of bringing nuclear fuel to explosion and thereafter contributed to the development of the hydrogen bomb.
		In 1929 von Neumann was invited to become a member of the Princeton faculty and therefore escaped the Nazi persecutions soon to follow.
	www.jbuff.com /c090403.htm (764 words)

	von Neumann, John
		von Neumann, John (1903-1957), world-famous mathematician who was professor of mathematical physics in the University and later a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, was born on December 28, 1903, the son of a well-to-do banker in Budapest, Hungary.
		Von Neumann's brilliant work in mathematics also carried him into theoretical economics and technology as well as theoretical physics -- areas where he was able to make vital contributions not only to science but also to the welfare of his adopted country.
		Probably the best known and most dramatic of von Neumann's accomplishments was his development of one of the speediest, most accurate, and most useful computers, which made the essential calculations that enabled the United States to build and test its first full model of the hydrogen bomb.
	etcweb.princeton.edu /CampusWWW/Companion/von_neumann_john.html (676 words)

	John Forbes Nash
		John Nash was born in Bluefield, West Virginia as son of John Nash Sr.
		At Carnegie he became interested in the 'negotiation problem', which John von Neumann had left unsolved in his book 'The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior' (1928).
		In 1978 he was awarded the John Von Neumann Theory Prize for his invention of non-cooperative equilibriums, now called Nash equilibriums.
	www.termsdefined.net /jo/john-forbes-nash.html (870 words)

	Amazon.com: John Von Neumann: The Scientific Genius Who Pioneered the Modern Computer, Game Theory, Nuclear Deterrence, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Von Neumann's work in areas such as game theory, mathematics, physics, and meteorology formed the building blocks for the most important discoveries of the century: the modern computer, game theory, the atom bomb, radar, and artificial intelligence, to name just a few.
		Von Neumann's work on explosives is a common thread that runs through his work and pulls together many of his interests that - seen in isolation - seem amazingly disparate.
		Von Neumann was unsatisfied with the analog computers then used for weapons work, and plunged into the problem of improving the nascent digital machine.
	www.amazon.com /John-Von-Neumann-Scientific-Deterrence/dp/0821820648 (2939 words)

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		Under his intellectual leadership, heavy traffic theory has gone from being an esoteric pursuit practiced by a small band of devotees to being a powerful and widely accepted technique, used by many researchers in the applied probability/queueing community.
		The careful definition and structuring of the general framework has stood the test of time: most of the theory of financial asset pricing in a dynamic setting is based squarely on the machinery laid down by Harrison and his collaborators.
		It is difficult to overstate the impact that this work has had, ranging from the most abstract theory of stochastic processes to the day-to-day functioning of the financial industry.
	appliedprob.society.informs.org /prizes/vonNeumann_Harrison2004.doc (253 words)

	John Forbes Nash - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia
		On June 13, 1928, John Forbes Nash was born in the small Appalachian town of Bluefield, West Virginia, the son of John Nash Sr., an electrical engineer, and Virginia Martin, a teacher.
		John Nash realized that he was much smarter than any of his classmates, giving him a feeling of high superiority over his classmates.
		In 1978 Nash was awarded the John Von Neumann Theory Prize for his invention of non-cooperative equilibria, now called Nash equilibria.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/John_Forbes_Nash (1417 words)

	John von Neumann
		John von Neumann (Neumann János) (December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-born mathematician who made important contributions in quantum physics, functional analysis, set theory, computer science, economics and many other mathematical fields.
		In 1913, his father purchased a title, and János acquired the Austrian mark of nobility von, becoming János von Neumann—János was anglicised to John after he took up residence in the United States in the 1930s.
		Along with American scientists Barbara McClintock, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and Richard Feynman, von Neumann was honored on a U.S. postage stamp in 2005.
	www.mlahanas.de /Physics/Bios/JohnVonNeumann.html (1155 words)

	von Neumann
		Von Neumann has been lauded as “the Man of the Century,” and the “inventor of the computer,” but his so-called accomplishments are computed out of thin air.
		Von Neumann claims in the Introduction to the book, “What is at stake is an attempt to find a way of understanding the nervous system from the standpoint of the mathematician.” This sounds quite impressive, but the assertion is then modified in the very next line.
		Von Neumann compares the size, number, and packing-density of the just-developed electronic elements in computers, with human nerve cells, and he finds in the nervous system a numerical representation which is a digital-analog mixture, in which the magnitudes are represented “analog” by the frequency of particular “digital” impulses.
	www.21stcenturysciencetech.com /articles/von_Neumann.html (4802 words)

	ISCID - Essay Contests
		Von Neumann was perhaps the twentieth century most brilliant mathematician, transforming every subject he touched.
		With regard to complex systems, von Neumann is best remembered for his seminal work on cellular automata and the insights these computational systems provide for self-reproduction.
		The John von Neumann Essay Prize is awarded each summer to the best graduate article on complexity, information, and design submitted during the previous academic year.
	www.iscid.org /essaycontests.php (298 words)

	John von Neumann Theory Prize - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The Prize named after mathematician John von Neumann is awarded for a body of work, rather than a single piece.
		The Prize was intended to reflect contributions that have stood the test of time.
		There is also a IEEE John von Neumann Medal awarded by the IEEE annually "for outstanding achievements in computer-related science and technology."
	www.music.us /education/J/John-von-Neumann-Theory-Prize.htm (428 words)

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		The Erlang Prize is a prestigious award for young applied probabilists, providing recognition for exceptional achievement in the early stage of one's career.
		The John von Neumann Theory Prize for 2001 was awarded to Ward Whitt.
		The von Neumann Prize is awarded for fundamental contribution to theory.
	appliedprob.society.informs.org /aps/news/apn22_2.txt (3734 words)

	Jews in Computer & Information Science
		The von Neumann entropy, e.g., is the quantum generalization of Szilard's classical information measure and is one of the fundamental concepts in quantum information theory.
		Von Neumann's 1946 paper "Preliminary Discussion of the Logical Design of an Electronic Computing Instrument" has been described as "the most influential paper in the history of computer science...
		Von Neumann also invented the theory of system fault tolerance and the cellular automata model of computation.
	www.jinfo.org /Computer_Info_Science.html (2179 words)

	AMS Presidents: A Timeline
		John von Neumann is perhaps best known known for his work in the early development of computers: As director of the Electronic Computer Project at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study (1945-1955), he developed MANIAC (mathematical analyzer, numerical integrator and computer), which was at the time the fastest computer of its kind.
		He was born in Budapest and received his undergraduate degree in chemical engineering there before coming to the U.S. His principal academic appointment was as professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, from 1933 until his death in 1957, and he also worked on the Manhattan project to develop atomic weapons.
		In 1938, von Neumann was awarded the AMS Bôcher Memorial Prize.
	www.ams.org /ams/31-von-neumann.html (266 words)

	Stanford Business Magazine February 2005
		John H. Marburger III, science adviser to President George W. Bush and director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, presented the awards at the White House ceremony.
		Lazear “used price theory and incentive theory from economics to organize our understanding of how to mobilize human resources and incentives within firms,” said economist James Heckman, a University of Chicago Nobel laureate who worked with Lazear when he taught at Chicago.
		His work has been honored with the 2004 John von Neumann Theory Prize presented by the Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences (INFORMS) to honor a body of work with lasting impact in operations research and the management science.
	www.gsb.stanford.edu /news/bmag/sbsm0502/faculty_news.shtml (1087 words)

	Professor George Dantzig, Stanford Operations Research Dept.
		Dantzig, who turns 80 on November 8, is generally regarded as one of the three founders of linear programming, along with von Neumann and Kantorovich.
		Inasmuch as operations research is defined by the use of analytic tools to improve decision-making, operations research as a discipline could not exist without the use of formal optimization models as mental constructs, and the actual solution of models in a practical setting.
		The prize, which recognizes original research that has had a major impact on the field of mathematical programming, was awarded for the first time in 1982, to Michael Powell and R. Rockafellar.
	www.stanford.edu /group/SOL/dantzig.html (885 words)

	Penn State Eberly College of Science -- Chemerda Lectures Scheduled 30 and 31 October
		Nash's most important scientific work is perhaps his establishment of the mathematical principles of modern game theory, which he accomplished during a five-year period beginning with his doctoral thesis in 1949.
		The 27-page dissertation by the then 21-year-old Nash had enormous impact and spawned much of the subsequent literature on noncooperative game theory, which has since grown at a prodigious rate--threatening, some claim, to overwhelm much of the overall field of economics.
		He also is well known as a result of his biography, "A Beautiful Mind: A Biography of John Forbes Nash, Jr., Winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, 1994," written by Sylvia Nasar, which was made into a Hollywood film, titled "A Beautiful Mind," in which the actor Russell Crowe portrayed John Nash.
	www.science.psu.edu /alert/Chemerda10-2003-2.htm (735 words)

	IEEECSS
		The von Neumann Prize Committee is currently seeking nominations, which should be in the form of a letter addressed to the prize committee chair (below), highlighting the nominee's accomplishments.
		The book aims to provide a comprehensive and rigorous account of the theory of convex sets and functions, in the classical tradition of Fenchel and Rockafellar, and to restructure the subject, using a handful of unifying principles that can be easily visualized and readily understood.
		Control theory is linked with a geometric view of classical mechanics in both its Langrangian and Hamilton formulations and especially with the theory of nonholonomic mechanics (mechanical systems subject to motion constraints).
	www.ieeecss.org /PAB/eletter/archive/May2003.shtml (11672 words)

	Math Newsletter: Rockafellar's Retirement
		In 1992, Terry was named the John von Neumann Lecturer by SIAM; this is the top North American honor in applied mathematics.
		In 1999 he received the John von Neumann Theory Prize from the Institute for Operations Research and Management Science (INFORMS); this is the top theory prize offered by INFORMS.
		Each of these three prizes is reserved for those who have made deep and innovative contributions that have had a far-reaching and sustained impact over a period of many years.
	www.math.washington.edu /newsletter/2003/page11.html (704 words)

	Notables
		The prize, which honors Payne's pioneering studies of sound communication among whales and, more recently, among forest elephants of Africa, will be conferred March 3, 2004, in New York City.
		The 2003 John von Neumann Theory Prize of the Institute for Operations Research and Management Science has been awarded jointly to Michael J. Todd, the Leon C. Welch Professor of Operations Research and Engineering, and Arkadi Nemirovski of Technion-Israel Institute of Technology.
		The award cites their "seminal and profound contributions to continuous optimization." Todd's research focuses on optimization algorithms -- that is, computer methods for analyzing systems in which there are many interrelated variables and finding the best way to combine them.
	www.news.cornell.edu /Chronicle/03/11.13.03/notables.html (550 words)

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