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Topic: John Williamson (economist)

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	Williamson
		Williamson, Illinois Williamson is a village located in 2000 census, the village had a total population of 251.
		Williamson, Iowa Williamson is a city in 2000 census, the city had a total population of 163.
		Williamson River The Williamson River is a river in southwestern Upper Klamath Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Oreg...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/williamson.html (480 words)

	Economist
		John Williamson (economist) John Williamson is an economist and the originator of the Washington Consensus.
		Joseph Greenberg (economist) Joseph Greenberg is Dow Professor and a specialist in Economic Theory, China.
		The Economist 2004 (North American edition)]] The Economist is a weekly news and international affairs publication of Th...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/economist.html (117 words)

	John Williamson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		John Williamson (basketball), a former professional basketball player with the New York Nets.
		John Williamson (geologist), a Canadian geologist and developer of the Williamson diamond mine in Tanzania (d.
		John Finley Williamson, conductor, musician, and co-founder of Westminster Choir College.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Williamson (147 words)

	Comments on "Future exchange rate regimes for developing East Asia: exploring the policy options" by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Being asked to comment on a paper by Professor John Williamson, Chief Economist for the South Asia Region of the World Bank and an academic of formidable reputation on matters related to exchange rate policy, is a daunting assignment.
		Professor Williamson notes that one of the major causes of difficulty in Thailand was that, prior to the sharp fall of the baht, Thailand had `built up a large stock of external debt, which was imprudently structured with a large volume of short-term dollar-denominated liabilities'.
		Incidentally, Professor Williamson's suggestion that we boast about having dismantled our dealing room is incorrect, since we maintain a capacity to intervene in foreign exchange markets in the event of disorderly market conditions, and have both (modest) foreign exchange reserves and a small number of dealers.
	www.rbnz.govt.nz /speeches/0077761.html (3251 words)

	John Williamson (economist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He is a critic of capital liberalization and bipolar exchange rate.
		He was the project director for the UN High-Level Panel on Financing for Development (the Zedillo Report) in 2001.
		He was also on leave as Chief Economist for South Asia at the World Bank during 1996-99.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Williamson_(economist) (248 words)

	Forum 2004 - Documents: From the Washington Consensus towards a New Global Governance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The various Dialogue sessions were organised in five blocks and their objective was to introduce the contents of the Washington Consensus, analyse the issues of domestic and international policy that determine development, discuss new growth and development proposals and, finally, establish the conclusions of the principles of a new global governance.
		Williamson continued by noting that the aim of his proposal was to “avoid an ideological form of apartheid based on different economic visions”.
		For Williamson, “the criticism of the Washington Consensus has more to do with omission than commission”, given that the main objective of the document was “that countries move towards a market economy”.
	www.barcelona2004.org /eng/banco_del_conocimiento/documentos/ficha.cfm?IdDoc=2816 (1924 words)

	Presentation
		Williamson did not think there was consensus on the issue, though the privatization attempts in Latin America he considered constructive and important.
		Williamson questioned the notion of the market attacking an exchange rate once it is apparent that it has gone past what it appropriate.
		Williamson called the Bank’s work constructive but had not resonated greatly with its clients since countries were not revamping these expenditures in light of the concerns voiced by Bank officials.
	info.worldbank.org /etools/bspan/PresentationView.asp?PID=1004&EID=520 (1061 words)

	Do Democracies outdo Autocracies? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		John Williamson has looked at 13 countries which went for radical economic reform, involving plenty of transitional pain for citizens.
		In fact, Williamson found that the six unambiguously democratic countries in his sample were as determinedly radical if not more so than the four authoritarian ones: and that in nearly all cases the reforms were necessitated by the mess created by earlier autocrats.
		It is dangerous for me to scoff at these eminent economists after reading only a review in The Economist and not their full research papers but I am going take the risk.
	www.swaminomics.org /articles/19940904_democracyautocracy.htm (763 words)

	AEI - Events
		John Williamson is probably known to everybody in this room as the one who coined the phrase the Washington consensus many years ago, but he's done a whole lot more than that, focused on exchange rates for much of his career, and is currently a senior fellow at the Institute for International Economics.
		One was, indeed, mentioned by John Taylor, the fact that we now have a flexible exchange rate system, and many of those discussions in the 1960's were simply civil, because they would say it's important to have an adjustment, and then there would be no adjustment instrument.
		First is strengthening of economic activity in the euro zone and Japan, and as John Williamson mentioned, these countries should take a demand management policy to strengthen their economic activity in order to close the gap first between the potential GDP and the actual GDP.
	www.aei.org /events/eventID.936,filter.economic/transcript.asp (14837 words)

	Fads and Fashion in Economic Reforms: Washington Consensus or Washington Confusion? - Moises Naim - Paper prepared for ...
		In fairness to Williamson, however, it is important to stress that he was an innocent victim of the success of his very useful summary.
		Williamson's efforts at clarifying the meaning and implication of the Washington Consensus were not enough to compensate for the distortions resulting from the term's global popularity and its frequent misuse.
		Essentially, some economists argue that the unequivocal priority after a country suffers a financial crash is to stabilize its exchange rate even at the cost of plunging the economy into a recession.
	www.ucm.es /info/eid/pb/Naim99WC.htm (11652 words)

	John Williamson: Crawling Bands or Monitoring Bands
		Since most economists like to assume that their models do indeed describe the real world, to some reasonable approximation, it is not difficult to understand the appeal of floating to the profession.
		The second is the "soft margins" that accompanied my original proposal for "target zones" (Williamson 1985), which would have allowed the authorities to let the rate move outside the target zone if they deemed market pressures too strong to resist without unacceptable cost to other objectives of economic policy.
		I also suggested that the basket to which they pegged should be a common one, so as to avoid arbitrary and unwanted movements in their mutual competitiveness as a result of variations in the exchange rates between third currencies.
	www.geocities.com /Eureka/Concourse/8751/edisi04/ifwills2.htm (7280 words)

	Pakistan Link Headlines
		Addressing members of the Sarhad Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI), IBRD mission leader John Williamson assured that the international community would not leave Afghanistan in the lurch a second time.
		During its stay in Pakistan, the 15-member mission met ministers for commerce, privatization, labor and manpower, chairman of the National Accountability Bureau, chief of the National Reconstruction Bureau, chairman of the Central Board of Revenue, secretary-general (finance) and officials of all the four provinces.
		John Williamson, a former chief economist of the Bank's South Asian Region, is heading the delegation.
	www.pakistanlink.com /headlines/Feb/09/06.html (595 words)

	Fact Sheets > Business News > Economists Call for China to Allow Yuan to Rise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		WASHINGTON — Top international economists are calling for China to allow its currency to rise against the dollar.
		Participants at a conference at the (non-government) Institute for International Economics say such action would be beneficial to both China and the world economy.
		John Williamson, an economist at the Institute, warns that the flow of foreign currency in China could result in inflation and a crisis in China's banking sector.
	www.fact-sheets.com /business/news/may04/yuan (349 words)

	The Christian Science Monitor \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		John Williamson, an economist at the Institute for International Economics in Washington, says a "reasonable" euro price would be $1.30 to $1.40.
		By "borrow," he means that foreigners use the surplus dollars they have earned to buy up American companies, or invest in US shares and other financial assets, or pile up dollars in the reserves of their central banks.
		Economists figure US manufacturing is already in recession.
	www.csmonitor.com /cgi-bin/durableRedirect.pl?/durable/2001/01/29/fp17s1-csm.shtml (841 words)

	The Ronald W. Burkle Center for International Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Economist Sebastian Edwards takes on the pessimists and offers his own critical but supportive view of the market-based economic reform process and commitment to globalization that began in Latin America in the 1980s.
		I think it was quite efficient and effective that it was the same person who announced both the birth and death, and that there was a decade in between, so it was a solid decade of the Washington consensus.
		John Williamson coined this phrase because he was putting together the introduction to a volume that had a number of papers that had been presented at a conference that he had organized.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /bcir/print.asp?parentid=4026 (7056 words)

	IDB - News - Reducing exposure to financial crises (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Three measures that countries in Latin America and the Caribbean could take to reduce their exposure to financial crises were highlighted by economist John Williamson in a recent presentation to the board of executive directors of the Inter-American Development Bank.
		Williamson, who coined the expression “Washington consensus” for the set of market-oriented macroeconomic policies advocated by the multilateral organizations for Latin America in the early 1990s, also stressed the potential role of the IDB in aiding those measures.
		As to the third measure, Williamson stressed that a good start would be to transform loans from multilateral organizations, as proposed by Harvard professor Ricardo Hausmann.
	www.iadb.org /NEWS/DISPLAY/WSView.cfm?WS_Num=ws06803&Language=English (297 words)

	Wolff Olins - Brand Consultants - Reinvention : News and Press > Published Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In this article John Williamson, Board Director at Wolff Olins, explains why the future is still bright.
		John Williamson and Claudius Koenig of Wolff Olins talk to Trevor Dooley about the need for engineering-based industries like utilities, to deal with and embrace brand.
		John Williamson, Board Director at Wolff Olins, demonstrates how brand can liberate local companies from their national straightjacket, giving them an opportunity to operate on a global scale.
	www.wolff-olins.com /articles.htm (1726 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Williamson's lecture at the WTO on 17 June 1999.
		First of all, it may be useful to remind ourselves of what economists would think of as the classic economic benefits of capital mobility.
		Thus, unlike flows of savings and investment, which necessarily involve current account imbalances if they are to achieve their objectives, the risk diversification - type of capital flow does not necessarily involve current account imbalances and a build up of net debt positions; one can still have welfare gains without any net transfers.
	www.sice.oas.org /geograph/services/drabek.doc (8491 words)

	Economist.com
		These came to be known as the “Washington consensus” (a term coined in 1990 by John Williamson, of the Institute for International Economics, a think-tank in that city).
		Mr Williamson points out that his original article was “a reporting job” rather than a manifesto, in which he tried to sum up (for a conference held in Washington,
		The way forward, Mr Williamson concludes, is to “complete, correct, and complement the reforms of a decade ago”, not to reverse them.
	www.fiu.edu /~gummerso/LatinAmAgendaForGrowth042403.htm (2262 words)

	`BJP policy may damage SAARC economy'
		World Bank's chief economist for South Asia John Williamson said that though BJP's policies are not ``clearly anti-liberalisation,'' it seems that the party, which is heading the new coalition government sworn in on Thursday, is more likely to promote deregulation and privatisation within India, rather than promote foreign investments.
		While restricting foreign investments in the area of consumer goods may not have a negative impact on the economy, it would be dangerous to do the same for infrastructure, he said.
		Williamson said restrictions on liberalisation could prevent SAARC countries from achieving their goal of ``SAFTA by 2001,'' as curbs could arise on other countries marketing their manufactured products in India.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/19980322/08050484.html (292 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Economy \| House of cards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This time it is hosting a dissident voice, namely the British socialist economist and political activist, Chris Harman.
		The term which was coined by the economist John Williamson in 1990, refers to areas in which decision-makers worldwide accepted a neo-liberal agenda such as fiscal discipline, public expenditure priorities, tax reform, financial liberalisation, competitive exchange rates and trade liberalisation.
		Mainstream economists are adjusting their positions taking into consideration criticisms of the prevailing paradigm and trying to build what they label a Post-Washington Consensus.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2005/734/ec6.htm (1092 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		John is frequently invited to comment in the media and his thinking is extensively quoted.
		John comments frequently in the international press and has been invited to write for the Financial Times and leading trade magazines including Mergermarket.com, The Daily Deal and Petroleum Economist.
		John is also experienced in addressing diverse groups, formats and nationalities.
	www.uiah.fi /attachment.asp?path=1,1457,2160,7450,7451,7491,15424,15495 (563 words)

	Currency Board Homepage
		The Economist (1997): "Economics Focus: The ABC of a Currency Board", 1 November 1997, p.80.
		While it is unlikely that this growth performance can be explained by the exchange rate regime alone, the opposite proposition.that currency boards lead to more sluggish growth.receives no support from the data.
		The Economist (1998): "By the Board", September 5, 1998.
	law.ankara.edu.tr /~kibritci/curboard.html (2851 words)

	WTO \| Research and Analysis - working paper
		All of the questions raised above are clearly extremely important and most of them are discussed in the following paper by John Williamson.
		Williamson's presentation is based on his lecture and discussion which was delivered on 17 June 1999 at the WTO.
		The actual text that follows is a transcript of that lecture.
	www.wto.org /english/res_e/reser_e/ae9903_e.htm (478 words)

	Scotland: Famous People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Opposed by John Knox, murdered by Protestant reformers in the same year as he executed George Wishart.
		After religious disputes with John Knox and political intrigue involving her nobles, she was imprisoned and forced to abdicate in 1567 in favour of her son James VI.
		The tyre was re-invented by John Dunlop in 1888.
	www.geo.ed.ac.uk /home/scotland/greatscots.html (6448 words)

	FT.com / Comment & analysis - China has forged its own economic consensus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In 1990, John Williamson, a World Bank economist, exhausted from decades of Latin American debt workouts, penned a list of virtues for emerging economies.
		They should be open to capital flows, he argued, while moving towards transparency, privatisation and liberalisation.
		Mr Williamson's ideas were promptly shuffled into a doctrine - proscriptive and western-based - that became known as the "Washington Consensus".
	www.ft.com /cms/s/2cf583b6-d1a2-11d8-91d3-0003ba5a9905.html (134 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: Corporate Malpractice by John Williamson
		Friedman espouses the nearly universally-held belief, which is that corporations themselves are simply legal frameworks, and their acts, whether for good or bad, are determined by the character and motives of those who run them.
		The president’s problem arose when he chose to focus heavily on one reason (WMD) which could not be clearly substantiated before the invasion and was only marginally so afterwards.
		John Williamson is a contributor to The Anti-Chomsky Reader.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=18061 (4096 words)

	Echoes no. 21 - Bond
		He was joined in guiding discussions by his controversial predecessor Ernesto Zedillo, by co-facilitators Trevor Manuel (South Africa's finance minister) and Michel Camdessus (former IMF managing director), and by the main author of the mild-mannered conference document, John Williamson, the economist who coined the term "Washington Consensus".
		In the wake of the September 1999 firing of Bank chief economist Joseph Stiglitz, it is hard to take seriously any notion that the Bretton Woods Institutions can make fundamental changes from within.
		But the 2001 Nobel award he shared with two other US economists recognised Stiglitz's "information-theoretic" approach to markets, which does fundamentally undermine the neoliberal faith in self-correction, deregulation and growth.
	www.wcc-coe.org /wcc/what/jpc/echoes/echoes-21-05.html (1734 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Economy \| House of cards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Cairo is used to hosting mainstream, neo- liberal economists.
		The editor of International Socialism magazine and author of Explaining the Crisis and The Economics of the Madhouse was in Cairo to take part in the four-day Socialist Days forum last week, organised for the first time by the Socialist Studies Centre.
		The term which was coined by the economist John Williamson in 1990, refers to areas in which decision-makers worldwide accepted a neo- liberal agenda such as fiscal discipline, public expenditure priorities, tax reform, financial liberalisation, competitive exchange rates and trade liberalisation.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2005/733/ec2.htm (830 words)

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