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Topic: Joint Jewish and Islamic Philosophies

	Islam and Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to Islamic belief, the present Jewish scriptures are not the original divine revelations given to Moses.
		Jewish Klezmer bands often celebrate the themes of "Bulgarsky", revealing the origin of klezmer music in Eurasian Bulgaria (not the Balkans).
		This supreme exaltation of philosophy was due, in great measure, to Ghazali (1058-1111) among the Arabs, and to Judah ha-Levi (1140) among the Jews.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Judeo-Islamic_tradition (1551 words)

	Al-Andalus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1236 the Spanish Reconquista led to the subjugation of the last Islamic stronghold of Granada under Mohammed ibn Alhamar to the Christian forces of Ferdinand III of Castile.
		Jewish Soldiers fighting with the forces of Muhammed IX, Nasrid Sultan of Granada, at the Battle of Higueruela, 1431.
		A stream of Jewish philosophers, cross-fertilizing with Muslim philosophers, (see Joint Jewish and Islamic Philosophies) culminated in the most important Jewish thinker of the Middle Ages, Maimonides (1135-1205), though he did not actually do any of his work in al-Āndalus, as, when he was 13, his family fled persecution by the Almohades.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Al-Andalus (3960 words)

	Religion - Judaism and Islam - Jewish Reference: People, Places, and All Things Jewish
		Islam and Judaism: This article is part of a series on Jewish history and discusses the history of Islam and Judaism, as they have interacted with each other for 1200 years, from the seventh century up until the end of the 19th century.
		The Jewish population at Jerusalem increased from 70 families in 1488 to 1,500 at the beginning of the sixteenth century.
		This supreme exaltation of philosophy was due, in great measure, to Gazzali (1005-1111) among the Arabs, and to Judah ha-Levi (1140) among the Jews.
	www.jewishreference.com /religion-judaismislam.html (3591 words)

	Important.ca, Judaism and Islam. Comparisons, Similarity
		The Motazilites, compelled to defend their principles against the orthodox Islamic faith, looked for support to the doctrines of philosophy, and thus founded a rational theology, which they designated "'Ilm-al-Kalam" (Science of the Word); and those professing it were called Motekallamin.
		Jewish philosophy entered upon a new period in the eleventh century.
		The twelfth century saw the apotheosis of pure philosophy and the decline of the Kalam, which latter, being attacked by both the philosophers and the orthodox, perished for lack of champions.
	www.important.ca /judaism_islam_comparison.html (3344 words)

	Jewish Journal Archives
		The advantages of belonging to a joint school are obvious: By pooling resources the temples can offer wider course offerings to their children, hire better-qualified professionals, and increase social contact among the youths and among parents.
		The Massachusetts Association of Jewish Descendants from the Former Soviet Union is asking those who survived the horrors of the fascists and Germans and their descendants to take part in the rebuilding of a monument to those victims of the Holocaust.
		Behind the Temple Mount is the ancient Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives, with the rugged hills of the Judean Desert in the background.
	www.jewishjournal.org /archives/archiveAug2_02.htm (11664 words)

	semitism.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Hezbollah sees a joint American-Israeli attempt to reshape the region in the Western image, through the invasion of Iraq and the emphasis on democracy, and is determined to block it by asserting the supremacy of Islam.
		Jewish Voice for Peace is well-equipped to serve as a central node for a nationwide movement.
		Jewish Voice for Peace is a diverse and democratic community of activists inspired by Jewish tradition to work together for peace, social justice, and human rights.
	www.semitism.net (16836 words)

	Jewish Current Issues: October 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		At today’s joint press conference, Bush did not endorse either Beilin’s brave option (perhaps we should call it the “option of the brave”) or Abbas’s disengenous desire for immediate negotiations (it would be more accurate to say he remains “fully committed to Phase III of the Road Map”).
		Jewish organizations do certainly continue to be understandably nervous about efforts to define the United States as a Christian nation, Jewish voters shy away in droves from appeals by the Republican Party featuring "biblical values," and influential Jewish spokespersons regularly protest against any trespassing of the divide between church and state.
		By 1908, the freshman class was seven per cent Jewish, nine per cent Catholic, and forty-five per cent from public schools, an astonishing transformation for a school that historically had been the preserve of the New England boarding-school complex known in the admissions world as St. Grottlesex.
	jpundit.typepad.com /jci/2005/10 (4450 words)

	Chapter 4: Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages
		The tendency in the social evolution of Islamic society was for the tribe to yield to the clan as the main unit of social organization, to be replaced in turn by relationships of a client-patron type.
		In the Islamic world, the bourgeois revolution is reckoned a failure because the attainment of aristocratic status was a matter either of lineage or of entrance into a state military bureaucracy.
		This was a common pattern in the states of the Islamic East, none of which, however, had to face the peril of permanent conquest by a non-Muslim enemy.
	libro.uca.edu /ics/ics4.htm (11864 words)

	Cosmopolitan Islamic Culture and the Politics of Sufism
		In the nineties Islamic revivalism has ceased to be restricted to small, marginal organization on the periphery of society and instead has become part of mainstream Muslim society, producing a new class of modern-educated but Islamically oriented elites who work alongside, and at times in coalitions with, their secular counterparts.
		In spite of Soviet attempts to limit and control religion in the region, and their sensitivity to potential Islamic threats or CIA involvement, at least for the closed orders like the Hairy Ishans, there is no recorded case of the inner workings of a Sufi group having been deeply penetrated or exposed by the KGB.
		Islamic groups have not been able to stage direct political control in any of these states: the most direct challenge to an authoritarian government occurred in Tajikistan in 1992.
	www.international-relations.com /rp/SUFIIR.html (18435 words)

	The Influence of Islamic Thought on Maimonides
		We have seen the Islamic philosophical context of Maimonides' cosmology of separate intellects (the “angels”), with active intellect at the helm of the sublunar world in which we live.
		To be sure, various Islamic philosophers differ on the precise nature of the active intellect and, as such, the precise details of this process as it pertains to the human intellect.
		For his Islamic predecessors it is, of course, Muhammad who plays this operative role as the virtous lawgiving prophet able to lead a community to virtue through the creative imagery and persuasions of religion through the imaginative and rhetorically persuasive imageries of the Quran.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/maimonides-islamic (12125 words)

	Jewish Studies Program: Courses
		Jewish holidays were parodied in schools and in the press, the state organized feasts on Yom Kippur (the holy day where Jews traditionally fast), and numerous Jewish folk songs were re-written, keeping the melodies, but changing the heroes from religious to Soviet.
		Some of the topics discussed are: religious and ethnic pluralism in Islamic Spain; Christian conquest and settlement; frontier society; divergent Castilian and Catalan-Aragonese cultural and political traditions; the dynamics of Christian-Muslim-Jewish coexistence in Castile and Aragon; the Spanish Inquisition; Castilian hegemony; and early imperial expansion.
		The course will examine the social, economic and political development of the Jewish community in Palestine (The Yishuv) from the beginnings of the Zionist movement in the early 1880s until the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948.
	www.utoronto.ca /jewish/courses.htm (3876 words)

	Islam and Judaism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This article primarily examines this history from the perspective of Jewish communities living in Muslim lands during this period.
		By extension, this would be the same God as that celebrated in the Jewish prayer Shema Yisrael:"Hear, Oh Israel, Adonai is our God, Adonai is One".
		Main article Joint Jewish and Islamic Philosophies There was a great deal of intellectual cross-fertilization between the Muslim and Jewish rationalist philosophers of the medieval era.
	islam-and-judaism.ask.dyndns.dk (3742 words)

	Dhalla: Saga part 3
		But the advanced philosophy of the later religions born of the Upanishads, the Brahmas etc., and the Zoroastrian philosophy are poles apart.
		The philosophy of reincarnation and other principles are the heritage of later Hindu religions and it is absolutely fruitless to attempt to search for their parallels in Zoroastrianism.
		We have seen how, the erstwhile sister nations whose aspirations, philosophies and religious beliefs were similar, changed in their mode of thinking after they had drifted apart, and how much in opposition grew their philosophy of life.
	www.avesta.org /dhalla/saga3.htm (21458 words)

	Guide to Philosophy on the Internet (Suber)
		Jump to the sectionsn on philosophy, epistemology, and ethics.
		Jointly sponsored by the Philosophy Division of Anglia Polytechnic University and the Department of History and Philosophy of Science of Cambridge University.
		Undergraduate philosophy association at the University of Texas, Austin.
	www.earlham.edu /~peters/philinks.htm (2166 words)

	theology
		The student is required to elect one course in Biblical Studies from the School of Theology and one pertinent course from the School of Philosophy.
		Survey of ancient Jewish history in the second temple and rabbinic periods; interaction of Judaism with its host cultures; development of Judaism from temple-centered, priestly led cultic system to a law-centered, rabbinically-led religious system.
		Syriac-speaking region from Antioch to Syro-Mesopotamia from second to eighth centuries; Jewish Christianity, Gnosticism, Manichaeism; Syriac versions of the Bible; Syriac interpretations of Scripture; Trinitarian and Christological controversies; consideration of liturgy and the arts; effect of Islam; Odes of Solomon, Tation, Ephrem the Syrian, Theodore of Mopsuestia, Severus of Antioch, Jacob of Sarug et al.
	ignatiusu.com /theology.html (10357 words)

	Jewish, Jewish, Everywhere, & not a drop to drink
		The mission of the Jewish home is to produce God-fearing good children and Judaism teaches that this comes about when the mother and father join to produce the body and God joins them to provide the soul.
		It is symbolic of the “kitchen” and dining room of the Jewish home that places great emphasis on holiday and Shabbat meals with bread being on the “highest level’ of any mundane food requiring the most serious Blessings and Grace after meals.
		Just as Pharaoh could not fight the will of God when he saw that nature was nothing but a straw puppet, similarly, the modern Naturalists cannot escape to their ivory towers and gilded TV cages as they note that there their beguiling intellects and hidden passions were ensnared by false gods with clay feet.
	simshalom.blogspot.com /2004_02_01_simshalom_archive.html (16330 words)

	Rabbi Arthur Waskow calls on people of faith to unite during Jewish, Christian, and Muslim sacred days for peace and ...
		The National Council of Churches; the Islamic Society of North America; Pax Christi; ALEPH: Alliance for Jewish Renewal and its rabbinical affiliate Ohalah; and the Jewish Committee for Isaiah's Vision (more than 100 rabbis and other Jewish leaders from all religious branches) have joined in this call.
		In this way, all three traditions could learn from the passage of Isaiah--whom all three join in revering as a Prophet--that in Jewish tradition is read on Yom Kippur morning.
		In some communities, trust among the three traditions is being newly built through sharing a fast and food; in some, it is already strong enough to shape joint public action in the world.
	www.beliefnet.com /story/175/story_17546_2.html (628 words)

	Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Every loyal, patriotic and dedicated Muslim Citizen in particular and Muslim Ummah at large, shall have to be extra-vigilant in relation to the connivance of the enemies, their nefarious designs, conspiracies and subversive activities.
		This article is a criticism not of his person but his philosophy which is no less than establishment of one theocratic Islami State on this planet on the basisi of Sharia the codified Islamic Law, uprooting all non-Muslims governments.
		Air Force General Richard Myers, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said there was a large gray area in the rules about what was out of bounds while in uniform.
	www.secularislam.org /visitors/58.htm (8651 words)

	Religion, Television & the Info. Superhwy - Waymark Press - Robert Lewis Shayon
		Her journal articles include "Islamic Constitutionalism and the Concept of Democracy," and "Marriage Laws in Muslim Countries." She was editor-in-chief of a law journal and a founding editor of Hypatia, a Journal for Women in Philosophy.
		Hassan obtained her B.A. Honors in English and Philosophy from the University of Durham, England, and her Ph.D. from the same university for her thesis on the philosophical ideas in the writings of the poet-philosopher Muhammed Iqbal.
		But now, the Jewish world can engage in an international conversation in which, in the wink of an eye, all opinions, arguments and judgments are available to even the casual reader.
	www.waymarkpress.com /religion2.html (20071 words)

	Category of Ideas and Philosophies
		In both the Christian and the Jewish heritages, prophetic faith is set over against their own cultural forms, which are by definition idolatrous.
		Emil L. Fackenheim, a Jewish professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, says that a particular symbol or art object is rarely thought of as a modern possibility of idolatry.
		The value of joint therapy by minister and psychiatrist stands out as a plus feature of this second case.
	www.kcid.net /kcidNet/personal/SickReligion1.html (16477 words)

	IIB INTERNET ISLAMIC BRIGADES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is scheduled to take place in New York in July.
		Outside of Israel, the New York City area has the largest Jewish population in the world.
		Why Don't More Jewish People Accept Yeshua as the Messiah?
	www.shema.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=19 (739 words)

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