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Topic: Joint Sitting, Australian parliament, 1974

	Parliament of Australia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Parliament of Australia is the legislative branch of Australia.
		The Parliament of Australia is modelled on the Parliament of the United Kingdom and, to a lesser extent, the Congress of the United States.
		The constitutional functions of the Crown are delegated to the Governor-General, whom the Queen appoints on the advice of the Prime Minister.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parliament_of_Australia (1741 words)

	The 1974 joint sitting of Parliament: thirty years on
		From early 1973 until April 1974, Australia’s governmental arrangements were shaken by the threatened use of the national upper house to block the appropriations (‘Supply’) needed for the conduct of government.
		The way was therefore clear for a joint sitting of the two houses as provided for in section 57, and on 30 July the Governor-General issued a proclamation calling the members of the two houses to a joint sitting at 10.30 am on 6 August 1974:
		The Joint Committee also determined that the ABC should video-tape the proceedings and a one hour programme on the joint sitting be prepared and shown nationally.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/pubs/rn/2004-05/05rn07.htm (3104 words)

	House of Commons - Procedure - Minutes of Evidence
		The relationships between the Australian Federal Government and the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory would be more closely analogous to that of the devolved Parliaments in the United Kingdom as the constitutions of the Territories are Acts of the Federal Parliament.
		Under the Australian Constitution casual vacancies in the Senate are to be filled by election at a joint sitting of the Parliament of the State which the seat in the Senate represents.
		In response to the Federal Parliament's consideration of repealing the Northern Territory's euthanasia legislation, the Speaker of the Northern Territory Parliament presented a remonstrance signed by members of the House protesting against the reduction of the Territory's self governing powers to the Presiding Officers of the Federal Parliament.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/cm199899/cmselect/cmproced/185/185ap12.htm (1992 words)

	Whitlam Speeches - Opening Speech At The Joint Sitting Of Parliament [August 6, 1974]
		This is the first Joint Sitting of the Senate and the House of Representatives convened by His Excellency the Governor-General pursuant to section 57 of the Constitution for the purpose of resolving disagreements between the 2 Houses.
		The Joint Sitting will now proceed to deliberate and vote upon each of the 6 proposed laws named in the Proclamation by his excellency the Governor-General, dated 30 July 1974, which has been read by the Clerk.
		It gives to those who sit in this Parliament at this historic Joint Sitting of this Parliament the opportunity to stand up and be counted, to say whether they believe in these democratic principles and, above all, in the supreme principle of one vote one value.
	whitlamdismissal.com /speeches/74-08-06_joint-sitting.shtml (2371 words)

	ozpolitics.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Queensland parliament and the parliaments of the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are unicameral or single-house parliaments.
		The Constitution is the supreme law, which the Parliament cannot amend without a national referendum that is carried by a majority of voters overall, and majority of voters in a majority of states.
		In practice, it is not Parliament as such but the party in government and their assessment of future electoral success that exercises the greatest control over the executive.
	www.ozpolitics.info /inst/parl.htm (3189 words)

	Double Dissolution
		Double dissolutions of the parliament are provided for under section 57 of the Constitution when the House of Representatives and the Senate cannot agree on a Bill.
		In 1974 and 1987 the government won the election but did not have a majority in the Senate.
		In 1974 the six bills that had been the basis for a double dissolution were passed by the one and only joint sitting.
	www.aec.gov.au /_content/how/procedures/dissolution.htm (714 words)

	The Whitlam Institute: Its Time: Issue 21: Students rush Gough at commemoration of Joint Sitting 1974 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		There was no necessity for a Joint Sitting prior to 1974 as the bills that were the subject of the double dissolution elections were no longer subject to Senate obstruction following the elections.
		The High Court unanimously held that a Joint Sitting could deliberate and vote on any number of bills and, with Chief Justice Barwick alone dissenting, held that the proclamation was not invalid.
		At the Joint Sitting on 6 and 7 August, the first occasion that Parliament was televised to the nation, all the bills were enacted.
	www.whitlam.org /its_time/21/sitting.html (1276 words)

	Howard in bid to curb Senate powers - theage.com.au
		The Australian Democrats and the Greens condemned the plan as a grab for power, while Labor said it would wait for details of the changes before making final judgment.
		But Mr Howard suggested the constitution should be changed to allow for a joint sitting without the need to hold an election.
		Mr Howard, who was elected at the 1974 election and who sat in the historic joint sitting, said the fact the provision was used only once proved it was unworkable.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/06/08/1055010871608.html (399 words)

	The Media and the Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Australian jurisdictions recognise a number of defences to defamation actions, since it is recognised that the importance of protecting an individual's reputation must be balanced against the public interest in freedom of speech.
		Although in the Spycatcher case the Australian courts refused to restrain publication of a book by a former high-ranking officer of the British Security Service which the UK courts had banned, this was based on a refusal to apply foreign law rather than on a more liberal approach, to freedom of the press.
		The Australian Press Council has called on both federal and state governments to introduce shield laws to effect recognition of the principle of respect for the confidentiality of journalists' sources.
	www.presscouncil.org.au /pcsite/fop/auspres.html (9736 words)

	Lawlink NSW: 7. Absolute Privilege
		Prior J found that a media interview in which a member of Parliament spoke on the subject of a question he had asked in the House was not part of proceedings in Parliament.
		Any definition of “proceedings in parliament” to be adopted should clearly state, for instance, whether or not the repetition outside parliament of a statement made inside parliament is covered by the privilege and should do the same for all other activities to which it is unclear whether the privilege applies.
		1974, s 17, accords a defence of absolute privilege in respect of parliamentary papers published by order or under authority of either or both Houses of Parliament and the subsequent publication of such a document by any person.
	www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au /lrc.nsf/pages/DP32CHP7 (5768 words)

	LaborNET: Workers Online Live News Feed: Whitlam Commorates Joint Sitting
		In 1974, then Prime Minister Whitlam created history by utilising the provision in the Australian Constitution known as "section 57" to initiate a joint sitting of Parliament, and finally break the deadlock between the
		in the historic joint sitting are a fascinating study of Australian politics.
		It's interesting to note the joint sitting anniversary coincides with the resumption of Parliament this week, and the anticipated Senate debate on the Free Trade Agreement between Australia and the United States," she says.
	www.labor.net.au /news/1091686433_21286.html (729 words)

	Privacy International - Campaigns of Opposition to ID Card Schemes
		This movement, the largest in recent Australian history, forced a dissolution of the parliament, a general election, and unprecedented divisions within the Labour government.
		One of the fundamental contrasts between free democratic societies and totalitarian systems is that the totalitarian government relies on secrecy for the regime but high surveillance and disclosure for all other groups, whereas in the civic culture of liberal democracy, the position is approximately the reverse.
		Not so obvious, however, were the extensive reporting obligations throughout the government and the community, the automatic exchange of information throughout the government, weak data protection, the ease of legislative expansion of the system, and the effective encouragement of the private sector and state governments to make use of the card's number.
	www.privacy.org /pi/activities/idcard/campaigns.html (4504 words)

	[No title]
		\par }\pard\plain \s15\fi-1134\li1134\sb180\sl260\slmult0\widctlpar\tqr\tx1021\adjustright \f4\fs22\lang3081\cgrid {\tab (2)\tab Notwithstanding anything contained in the }{\i Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983}{, but subject to subsection\~ (3) of this section, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation may televise the whole or a part of the proceedings of a joint sitting.
		\par \tab (2)\tab The Committee shall, in accordance with general principles specified by the Committee and adopted by each House of the Parliament, determine the days upon which, and the periods during which, the proceedings of either House of the Parliament shall be broadcast.
		\par \tab (4)\tab The Sub\_Committee may sit and transact business during any adjournment or recess as well as during the session, and may sit at such times (including times while either House of the Parliament is actually sittin g or during a joint sitting) as they deem proper.
	scaleplus.law.gov.au /html/pasteact/0/148/rtf/ParliaProcBroad46.rtf (884 words)

	Ss 53-57 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		1974, 10 April Senator Withers (Leader of the Opposition in the Senate) moves a motion that ‘because of its maladministration the Government should not be granted funds until it agrees to submit itself to the people’.
		1974, 5 August Arguments and oral judgement given the same day Cormack v Cope; Court complains with justification that pressure of time prevented it from giving adequate attention to all the issues, and that the material before it was inadequate to enable such a complete consideration to be carried out.
		Note Murphy J not sit in this case, as he was A-G in joint sitting in 1974.
	www.law.mq.edu.au /Units/law314/53-57.htm (3569 words)

	Old Parliament House - The Press
		Old Parliament House was one of the first to provide specially built accommodation for journalists within the legislative chamber (above the Speaker’s Chair) marking the increasing importance of the media to both parliament and in everyday life.
		This was the case in 1971 when Australian newspaper journalist, Alan Ramsey, interrupted a speech by John Gorton with a cry of ‘you liar!’ from the Press Gallery.
		Old Parliament House was infamous for the number of ‘leaks’ which occurred while Parliament was sitting here and there were many theories about how these leaks came about.
	www.oph.gov.au /content.asp?pageID=32 (380 words)

	AUS1010S course - week nine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In the early 1940s, Victorian born and educated W.K. Hancock, a Rhodes Scholar and the first Australian to be elected a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, was appointed Supervisor of the British Official War Histories.
		In Canberra the Queen told a joint sitting of both houses of parliament that 'the great institutions of parliamentary sovereignty, a democratically controlled Executive, the just and impartial administration of the law; these exist and flourish in each of the great realms which call me Queen'.
		In 1966 57 per cent of Australians still preferred it to other anthems, but by 1974 its popularity had fallen to 25 per cent, and in 1984 after an opinion poll showed that Advance Australia Fair was the most popular option, the Labor government gazetted it as the national anthem.
	www.arts.monash.edu.au /ncas/teach/unit/aus/aus1010wk09.html (1929 words)

	The Parliament of Australia: A Bibliography: Government_and_Politics/Powers
		Ah Koy, L. "Were the Proceedings in the House of Representatives Throughout the Sitting on the 5th of April 1973,Unconstitutional, Unparliamentary or Unlawful?" In Conference of Presiding Officers and Clerks, 8th, Apia, 1977, pp.96-111.
		"Parliament and the Judges: The Removal of Federal Judges Under Section 72 of the Constitution." Legislative Studies 2,2 (Spring 1987): 17-31.
		Johnston, P. "Schizophrenic Sovereignty in the Federal Houses of Parliament: A Study in ConstitutionalDisjunction." In Constitutional Theory and Australian Practice.
	www.indiana.edu /~librcsd/bib/australia_parliament/Government_and_Politics/Powers (860 words)

	Niner Charlie: 09/01/2004 - 09/30/2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The proposition that the Australian Government should have talks with al-Qaeda’s regional terrorist franchise Jemaah Islamiya is certainly novel.
		The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) has been giving extraordinary attention on PM and AM to a court case initiated by Jim Ritchie against three of his former Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) colleagues.
		Under Liberal stewardship the Australian economy has successfully withstood the external shocks of the Asian financial crisis, economic downturns in the United States and Japan, the economic impact of Islamist terrorism and the outbreak of SARS in South East Asia.
	ninercharlie.blogspot.com /2004_09_01_ninercharlie_archive.html (4715 words)

	The Parliament of Australia: A Bibliography: Parliamentary_Practice_and_Procedure/Joint_Sittings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bullock, Roy E. "Australia: Joint Sitting of the Two Houses, August 1974." Parliamentarian 56 (January 1975):68-70.
		Bullock, Roy E. "Australian Parliament: Joint Sittings of Senate and House of Representatives." The Table 43(1975): 10-24.
		Saxon, Alicen W. "Vacancies in the Australian Senate: Joint Sittings of the New South Wales Parliament." TheTable 44 (1976): 90-94.
	www.indiana.edu /~librcsd/bib/australia_parliament/Parliamentary_Practice_and_Procedure/Joint_Sittings (84 words)

	More Australian Ramblings...: January 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		You'd put the $113,000 into the joint bank account, or into sinking a political enemy or something, because that's just the kind of arse that you are, Abbott.
		Selected from 9 albums recorded over 7 frenetic years (one album a year, 2 in 1974 and 1980), this is one of those Greatest Hits albums where it really is hard to skip a track (for a full listing, see here and here.
		The Australian Shareholders Association has expressed disapproval at companies pledging money to the tsunami relief effort in Asia, saying they have no approval for their philanthropy.
	moreaustralianramblings.blogspot.com /2005_01_01_moreaustralianramblings_archive.html (5678 words)

	A.M. Costa Rica
		He said it would be difficult to obtain extra officers to patrol Tamarindo because the populations of the beach towns along Nicoya Peninsula are continuing to mushroom, leaving the police force scrambling to grow at the same rate.
		The restuarant was pleasantly quiet, with only one other couple sitting in the open-air dining area, though the Crespos say the place gets packed during the high winter tourism season.
		Commentators generally claimed that the reduction in the Labour majority, a margin of some 166 seats in the current Parliament, was because of his support for the war in Iraq.
	www.amcostarica.com /050605.htm (3870 words)

	Australian current business law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The firm also called for the Australian copyright infringement case against it to be halted until similar proceedings (in which the firm is a co-defendant) have been concluded in the US.
		The IIA chief executive expressed the hope that the Australian government will choose to go down the code of conduct route rather than taking a legislative approach to the treatment of take-down notices, and suggested that, despite the nature of the FTA, there may still be room for a "somewhat customised approach".
		During the Act's passage, Opposition members in the Australian Senate who proposed amendments to the law which effectively rendered it toothless suggested that their actions were symbolic, and intended to draw the government's attention to the issues raised.
	www.lawandtax-news.com /html/australia/jozlatlegtour.html (4315 words)

	7.30 Report
		GOUGH WHITLAM, PRIME MINISTER, 1972-1975: It obviously was a house of obstruction in '75.
		The Prime Minister believes the Government should have the power to call a joint sitting of both houses of Parliament to push through deadlocked legislation, without first having to face voters in a double dissolution election.
		Now what we're proposing here, I think is a very sensible proposal, going right back to 1959, is that there should be a joint sitting of the House of Representatives and the Senate where there is a deadlock.
	www.abc.net.au /7.30/content/2003/s878604.htm (1036 words)

	Thursday, 28 October 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		I have to tell the minister that, from where I am sitting, the level of interest, or otherwise, seems to be fairly universal across the chamber.
		It was a joint celebration in that regard, and I know that Steve will represent the hospital and all aspects of the western suburbs very well.
		Ministers are obliged to give parliament full, accurate and timely accounts of all public money over which the parliament has given them authority.
	www.parliament.sa.gov.au /catalog/hansard/2004/ha/wh281004.ha.htm (10021 words)

	AM - Prime Minister proposes radical reform of the Senate
		However, his proposal to remove the requirement for a double dissolution election before pushing through blocked legislation with a joint sitting of Parliament is not new.
		Once that election's been decided, if the government is still the government, they hold a joint sitting of Parliament, re-introduce their legislation, and they take it from there.
		JOHN HOWARD: The reality is that in a period of 102 years, they have only been used to produce a joint sitting on one occasion, and that was in 1974, after the double dissolution election half way through that never to be forgotten three years of the Whitlam Government.
	www.abc.net.au /cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2003/s875126.htm (704 words)

	A Most Colourful Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In 1974 due to the industrial and conservationist efforts of both Gallagher and Mundey, the Builders Labourers' Federation with its 35,000 members, became the first union to be deregistered by a Full Bench of the Australian Industrial Court since the Building Workers Industrial Union received similar treatment in 1948.
		Before Gallagher's tenure, BLF workers usually ate their cut-lunches sitting on a concrete bag, had to carry out their toilet and ablution requirements in a corner on the building site, and worked without a break rain or shine.
		Fourth, little evidence was provided by the Government or the Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Commission, except that which was rhetorical, which suggested that during the 1970s or 1980s the BLF was more industrially militant than other unions operating contiguously.
	www.aucegypt.edu /faculty/thompson/herbtea/articles/BLF.html (7704 words)

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