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	Joint stereo - Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase
		Joint stereo is a property of an audio data stream and means that the stream supports more than one method of stereo coding, such as SS ("simple" or "L/R" stereo), MS ("mid-side" stereo), or IS ("intensity" stereo).
		For example, a high-bitrate "joint stereo" MP3 file may contain a mixture of SS and MS frames, or it may contain all SS frames or all MS frames.
		Intensity stereo is by definition a lossy coding method thus it is primarily useful at low bitrates.
	wiki.hydrogenaudio.org /index.php?title=Joint_stereo (570 words)

	Joint Stereo: The Myths ... and The Realities
		Joint Stereo is a neat mathematical technique which is used to enhance the quality of compressed digital audio.
		(The mere fact that Joint Stereo is used in lossless compression ought to be enough to destroy - in one stroke - the myth that JS "destroys stereo separation").
		MS Stereo uses one channel to encode information that is identical on the left and right channels and the other channel to encode the differences between the two channels.
	harmsy.freeuk.com /mostync (4122 words)

	Audio Encoding
		When stereo was introduced it was decided that mono compatibility would be maintained by sending the sum of the two stereo channels in the baseband.
		The objective of joint stereo coding is find ways of efficiently encoding a pair of related channels such that the human ears still hear the spatial aspects of the signal when they are decoded at the receiver.
		Intensity stereo is a type of joint stereo encoding and is used extensively in DAB to reduce the bit rates.
	www.radioeng.co.uk /audio.html (840 words)

	Joint (audio engineering) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The idea is to merge a given frequency range of multiple sound channels together so that the resulting encoding will perceive the sound information of that range not as a bundle of separate channels but as one homogenous data stream.
		One example of the use of M/S stereo is phonograph records, where the mid channel (L + R) is cut into the groove horizontally, and the side channel (L − R) is cut vertically.
		Another use is in FM stereo broadcasting, where L + R modulates the carrier wave and L − R modulates a subcarrier.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joint_stereo (624 words)

	Ogg Vorbis Documentation
		The exact coupling implementation is generalized to allow the encoder a great deal of flexibility in implementation of a stereo or surround model without requiring any significant complexity increase over the combinatorially simpler mid/side joint stereo of mp3 and other current audio codecs.
		Dual stereo refers to stereo encoding where the channels are entirely separate; they are analyzed and encoded as entirely distinct entities.
		Point stereo is is a graceful but generally easy to detect degradation to the sound quality and is thus used in frequency ranges where it is least noticeable.
	www.xiph.org /vorbis/doc/stereo.html (1980 words)

	MP3: The Definitive Guide: Sample Chapter 2
		However, a 128 kbps stereo file will enjoy better quality than two separate 64 kbps mono files, since in a stereo file, bits will be allocated according to the complexity of the channels.
		Joint stereo (in "Intensity" mode) really is a low-fi solution best reserved for situations where you need to keep file size at an absolute minimum.
		If joint stereo effects have been enabled, the mode extension field tells the decoder exactly how to handle it, i.e, whether high frequencies have been combined across channels.
	www.oreilly.com /catalog/mp3/chapter/ch02.html (9154 words)

	faq
		No stereo separation problems occur in well implemented JS modes because when there is too much difference between the L and R channel, real stereo will be used on that frame.
		Joint stereo is commonly used with MP3's with a bitrate of 128 kbps or lower to improve the quality.
		With Lame, joint stereo can be safely used at all bitrates, although a small possibility of error still does exist (though I have not experienced or heard about any problems with joint stereo under LAME).
	www.angelfire.com /ny3/mrpotatoz/faq.html (1820 words)

	mp3machine - Re: Joint Stereo and Stereo
		Stereo looks at the two channels and eliminates everything that is exactly identical.
		Joint Stereo uses a mathematical equation to change left/right into mid/side, and which saves space, and it also eliminates things that sound identical on both channels (mid vs side rather than left vs right in this case, though).
		Here are two links that explain Joint Stereo, if you're confused or not satisfied with my answer.
	www.mp3machine.com /discussion/messages/15747.shtml (517 words)

	MUSICAM USA:Tech Tips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Joint stereo—Unlike stereo, joint stereo employs real-time bit allocation techniques that dynamically assign bits to the channel and frequency bands that need them most.
		Joint stereo does manipulate left-right separation and sound stage; however, any spatial blending performed is in frequency bands where the human auditory system would normally blend the stereo signal.
		At 112 or 128 kb/s joint stereo, the best algorithm to use depends more on the brands of the codecs at both ends than anything else, although post processing and cascading should also be considered.
	www.musicamusa.com /techdocs\TECHTIP.htm (1388 words)

	Mp3's ripped in stereo - KerrazY Torrents
		Joint stereo means that the stream supports more than one method of stereo coding.
		A joint stereo stream may still only employ a single coding method, but for the sake of size efficiency may switch between methods on a frame or even sub-frame basis.
		The end result is that the stereo is encoded losslessly, even in lossy mp3's (Joint Stereo is also used in some lossless audio compression techniques, this fact alone ought to be enough to destroy one of the myths about joint stereo, that it "destroys stereo separation".
	www.kerrazy-torrents.net /index.php?showtopic=108189&view=getnewpost (655 words)

	MediaMonkey :: Post a reply
		Joint stereo is needed even at bitrates of 320kbps to achieve the best sound quality in some critical cases.
		Forcing stereo on everything up to 320kbps and then forcing joint stereo does not fix the problem (as user implies in one of those threads).
		This is especially so since Wombat doesn't describe the artifact as being a collapse of the stereo field (which isn't your typical joint stereo artifact in LAME anyway...).
	www.mediamonkey.com /forum/posting.php?mode=quote&p=65397 (1499 words)

	Music has a right to the mp3s. \| MetaFilter
		No stereo separation problems can occur in a good implemented JS mode, because when there is too much difference between the L and R channel, simple stereo will be used on that frame.
		The underlying reason why you read sometimes that "joint stereo is no good" is simply because the Xing and Fraunhofer implementation is not perfect.
		I use joint stereo myself when I encode tracks with LAME, but if they use a shitty encoder, regular stereo would be better.
	www.metafilter.com /comments.mefi/29790 (1975 words)

	lame
		(j)oint stereo In this mode, the encoder will make use of a correlation between both channels.
		To determine when to switch to mid/side stereo, LAME uses a much more sophisticated algorithm than that described in the ISO documentation, and thus is safe to use in joint stereo mode.
		It is slightly faster than joint stereo, but it should be used only if you are sure that every frame of the input file has very little stereo separation.
	ccrma.stanford.edu /planetccrma/man/man1/lame.1.html (2769 words)

	Does joint-stereo destroyes Dolby Pro Logic information ? - VideoHelp.com
		It is always better then the stereo methods, but as in the case of the 100% stereo, from of 192 kbit/s or more, the signals equal and it makes no difference, which method to use.
		The 100% stereo correlation test showing the superiority of stereo at lower bitrates would SUPPORT the hypothesis that stereo is better than joint stereo for Dolby Surround encodings, but it does not prove it.
		I think it is fairly well established that low bitrate joint stereo audio encodings is very detrimental to Dolby Surround encodings (due to the loss of phase information), but what would be interesting to know is whether high bitrate joint stereo recordings would necessarily have the same effect.
	www.videohelp.com /forum/archive/t130689.html (1433 words)

	Any listening test Stereo vs Joint stereo in mp3? - Hydrogenaudio Forums
		Well, in your case intensity stereo is a good thing compared to l/r stereo, considering that UK DAB is something like 128kbps Layer II.
		Well, yes, but the argument was that joint stereo was OK because (pointers to articles about mp3 joint stereo) - I was trying to argue that, if you _have_ to use joint stereo with mp2, then it can't be transparent - basically because the bitrate is too low.
		If you encode such music in 'joint stereo', you will have bad cancelling effects where the high tones appear and disappear all the time, destroying the good original sound.
	www.hydrogenaudio.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=30637&view=getnewpost (812 words)

	WINAMP.COM \| Forums - Left and Right channels getting mixed somehow
		With mp3s the stereo channels are usually dependant on each other at low bitrates (joint stereo) to provide the highest quality at lowest bitrate.
		Try using Oddcast (http://www.oddsock.org/tools/dsp_oddcast/) and set it to use Stereo not Joint Stereo (click Adv Rec to use whatever is selected in your Recording Mixer).
		If joint stereo is used in M/S (middle/side) mode, the left and right channels aren't encoded separately.
	forums.winamp.com /showthread.php?postid=1087674 (750 words)

	When to use joint-stereo versus stereo - Doom9's Forum
		Actually, it would be kinda' convienent if DVD2SVCD defaulted to stereo or joint stereo depending on whether a 2 or 6 channel track is selected.
		Joint stereo often can be a good choice at lower bitrates.
		And I mean the last acceptable bitrate for MP2 stereo is 192 kbps and it could be maybe 160 kbps too (and thus Dolby Surround compatible).
	forum.doom9.org /showthread.php?t=17580 (1008 words)

	MediaCoder Audio Video Glossary
		Parametric Stereo is a feature used in Advanced Audio Coding to further enhance efficiency in low bandwidth stereo media.
		Parametric Stereo works by taking the two mono streams that make up a stereo stream and combining them together to form a new single mono audio stream.
		This is very similar to the MP3 joint stereo idea, but 2-3 kbit/s of side info (the Parametric Stereo) is also recorded.
	mediacoder.sourceforge.net /glossary/ps.htm (227 words)

	audiograbber Q's [Archive] - MisticRiver :: For iriver Enthusiasts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		I believe Stereo is generally a way of ensuring that the proper stereo image of the original recording is maintained whilst Joint Stereo uses some of this data to improve the sound quality.
		Joint-stereo is the default mode for stereo files with VBR when -V is more than 4 or fixed bitrates of 160kbs or less.
		It's slightly faster than joint stereo, but it should be used only if you are sure that every frame of the input file has very little stereo separation.
	www.misticriver.net /archive/index.php/t-2079.html (867 words)

	MP3 with lamedrop
		To suggest that joint stereo "IS needed" to "achieve best quality" is nonsense.
		If there is a bunch of samples with little stereo separation (mono, in extreme case), why force full stereo on those samples, better use joint stereo and save the bits for quantisation.
		Yes, Joint Stereo is the only way to break the '320kbps barrier' of MP3 and it is recommendable because there are cases where 320SS is not enough.
	forums.afterdawn.com /thread_view.cfm/4125 (1139 words)

	Stereo or Joint Stereo?
		With lame (3.9x) joint stereo is better for any bitrate.
		Some other encoders may have problems with badly implemented joint stereo, that's why some people still recommend 'full stereo'.
		If you play back your mp3s through some 'fake-surround' device like Dolby Prologic and not through plain stereo setup, joint stereo might have problems, but in this case all lossy compressed sources can have problems anyway as lossy codecs are not desigend for processing after encoding.
	forums.afterdawn.com /thread_view.cfm/69174 (145 words)

	Choir chant of the Byzantine Catholic Church in MP3 (free download)
		Prokimenon of the feast of Exaltation of the Holy Cross and for Friday, Tone 7, Carpathian chant (arrangement for mixed choir by Martin Skoviera).
		O Lord, let the light: - communion hymn of Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Tone 1, Carpathian chant (arrangement for mixed choir by Martin Skoviera).
		- joint choirs of the Bratislava Byzantine Catholic Parish
	www.grkat.nfo.sk /eng/music.html (1221 words)

	Learn High Quality MP3 Recording
		Joint stereo has 2 sub-modes called IS and MS.
		When stereo mode is used, you should also use a higher bitrate (160 or 192 kbits) - Stereo mode will allocate about half of this bitrate for each channel.
		In summary, for most audio, Joint Stereo MS at 128 or 160 kbits should be fine.
	www.mp3newswire.net /stories/2000/bestsound.html (1702 words)

	LameENC Dual Stereo, Joint Stereo Confusion - Audiograbber Forums
		I prefer joint stereo, but there are others that hold different opinions on the subject.
		And the great thing about joint stereo is that it also takes into account how much stereo seperation there is. If there is not much stereo seperation, the channels overlap, and therefore each channel gets more than just half the total bitrate.
		Joint stereo is best for bitrates at 192 Kbit/s and below as far as I understand.
	www.audiograbber.com-us.net /boards/ubb/Forum1/HTML/001538.html (1110 words)

	Stereo vs. Joint Stereo again [Archive] - Doom9's Forum
		LAME does Joint stereo perfectly (unlike some encoders, audiocatalyst to name one) and if you want to make absolutely sure use the ns safejoint flag when you encode.
		Joint Stereo can sometimes cause a very slight "slurring" (not the right word - but you can probably guess what I mean) - But this is only everso slight, so Stereo should only be used when the bitrate is very high...else Stereo will lower the quality significantly.
		Anyhow, basically, joint stereo is just a combination of stereo and mid/side stereo, chosen on a frame-by-frame basis by the encoder.
	forum.doom9.org /archive/index.php/t-11042.html (1994 words)

	Encoding mp3 in Mono
		The easiest thing to do is to treat the mono file as a stereo file, and use the same settings as for stereo.
		If the source is a stereo tape deck but the sound is mono, don't mix L and R into a mono signal.
		As an alternative, you could encode in joint stereo, from a wav with perfectly identical L and R (again done in the audio editor).
	ff123.net /mono.html (1124 words)

	Any listening test Stereo vs Joint stereo in mp3? - Hydrogenaudio Forums
		But joint stereo can be objectively transparent if implemented properly...and it can save you a lot of bits.
		But intensity stereo is only used at low bitrates (96k and less) and so Joint Stereo is lossless at normal bitrates used for audio anyway.
		one of the options available in "joint" stereo), and then (b) force it into a bitrate area where it will add audible distortion, the stereo image will start to collapse and you may have audible quantisation noise, but it will be less obvious.
	www.hydrogenaudio.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=30637&hl= (2273 words)

	Ulead Learning Center - General Video Info - Video Formats and The Web
		The Joint Stereo option enables better audio compression by essentially combining redundant audio information in both stereo channels to a single data stream.
		Differences in the two audio channels that are detectable to human hearing are not combined, so stereo sound is maintained, but in a smaller file size than traditional stereo would require.
		In many cases, background noise (such as traffic in a street scene or ocean waves in a beach scene) can be reproduced effectively with a Bit Rate of 32 (the lowest available setting for Mono sound) or 64 (the lowest available setting for Stereo and Joint Stereo sound).
	www.ulead.com /learning/video6/page3.htm (921 words)

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