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	Jon Frum Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		At the heart of the movement is a mythic messianic figure called Jon Frum, who allegedly appeared on the island of Tanna and who is variously identified as a god who lives in the crater of Tanna's highest mountain with his several thousand strong army or the 'king of America'.
		Jon Frum day is celebrated annually on 15 February; it is believed that Jon Frum will return on this day, bringing with him the cargo from heaven that westerners are selfishly diverting for themselves.
		The power of Jon Frum appeared to be confirmed by the post-war influx of tourists to the region, who brought with them a degree of material prosperity to the islands.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/westoc/jonfrum.html (300 words)

	[No title]
		This is the American god who is worshipped and ritualized in the primitive Jon Frum villages on the island of Tanna, in the Vanuatu archipelago, in the South Pacific.
		There are 26 tiny Jon Frum settlements on Tanna, all worshipping the red cross that is the symbol of their faith - and the symbol, of course, of the International Red Cross, which provided so many services and amenities to servicemen and Tannese during the war.
		The administrators were worried that the Jon Frum movement was a front for political rabble-rousing, intended to foment a tide of nationalism leading to independence, and aimed at removing the white presence.
	enzo.gen.nz /jonfrum/text009.html (1689 words)

	Jon Frum (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		John Frum (or Jon Frum) is a figure associated with cargo cults on the island of Tanna in Vanuatu.
		The power of John Frum appeared to be confirmed by the post-war influx of tourists to the region, who brought with them a degree of material prosperity to the islands.
		The name "John Frum" is possibly derived from World War II GIs introducing themselves to the locals as "John from America".
	www.cooldictionary.com.cob-web.org:8888 /words/Jon-Frum.wikipedia (374 words)

	Survivor Fever - Vanuatu
		The origin of the Jon Frum movement is believed to have started in the mid 1930's when an American Army presence, which had built a base on Efate, recruited about a thousand Tanna men to work there.
		The Jon Frums believe that Jon Frum is living in the crater of the Yasur volcano with five to twenty thousand men, waiting to return to the villages with gifts and supplies.
		The Jon Frum cargo cult considers its allegiance to Jon Frum and consider themselves an army of Tanna. They exercise this allegiance periodically by objecting to governmental control by the officials in Port Vila.
	www.survivorfever.net /s9_tanna.html (1342 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		it is said that jon frum is living in the crater of yasur.
		the centre of the jon frum cargo cult today is based in the village at sulphur bay, [also called ipeukel.] the jon frum church here houses the movement's most sacred red cross.
		This is the day when the sulphur bay people believe that jon frum will return, bringing with him all the cargo he has promised.
	us.altnews.com.au /cargocult/jonfrum/text003.html (430 words)

	Ø Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine \| Book of Days \| February 15 \| Jon Frum Vanuatu John Frum Jeremy Bentham ...
		Jon, or John, Frum is also the name of the messenger of this movement; who on his return, will provide the Frum faithful with promised goods, or cargo.
		Some Frum members say that Jon Frum is a benevolent deity who lives in the crater of Tanna's highest mountain, Yasur, with his several thousand strong army, or else he is the 'king of America'.
		Jon Frum members believe that when Frum does return as promised, the mountains will crumble, filling the rivers, the land will become very fertile and prosperity will arrive in the villages.
	www.wilsonsalmanac.com /book/feb15.html (5311 words)

	nthposition online magazine: The last cargo cult
		To anthropologists, John Frum was an example of one of the strangest and most exotic phenomena to be observed in traditional cultures: the cargo cult.
		The colonial version is that the 'madness' began in 1940, when certain locals began painting their faces white, wearing hats and appearing to their fellows at night, prophesying in falsetto voices about the coming expulsion of the whites and arrival of huge quantities of cargo.
		Most Tannese versions explain that John Frum had been witnessed for many years before this, but they had kept him secret from the authorities, as his message was that the people needed to turn back to their kastom beliefs which the missionaries had prohibited for a century.
	www.nthposition.com /thelastcargo.php (3303 words)

	Jon Frum Cult Village tanna vanuatu, accommodations close to Yasur Volcano in Tanna, Vanuatu
		The Jon Frum village near your accommodation at Friendly Bungalows in Tanna, is home to the followers of a strange cargo cult, worshippers of the mythical Jon Frum.
		On the 15th of February, Jon Frum Day, the villagers stike up the band, the men parade in US military uniforms with wooden rifles, and everyone has a magnificent anticipation that all the goodies will be arriving any moment.
		The Jon Frum village is 3.5 km from Friendly Bungalows.
	www.friendly-bungalows-tanna-vanuatu.com /jon-frum-tanna-vanuatu.html (361 words)

	Jon Frum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jon Frum (or John Frum) is a figure associated with cargo cults in Vanuatu.
		A native named Mancheri, under the alias of Jon Frum, posed as this god and began a cult by appearing to some people and making promises of "houses, clothes, food, transport." He is said to be Rushfeld's brother.
		John Frum is also a volcano located off the coast of Africa, twenty miles underwater.
	www.info-pedia.net /about/jon_frum (357 words)

	[No title]
		Paul Theroux wanted most of all to visit Tanna because he "had heard that a cargo cult, the Jon Frum Movement, flourished on the island" (1992, 187), Tanna is "the oddest outside-time island in Vanuatu" (1992, 213).
		Although early accounts of the John Frum movement are stylistically distinctive in important ways, from the beginnin the various cargoist subgenres borrowed cult stories and interpretation from one another.
		The several subtypes of John Frum writing begin (and end) in different years, and cross-fertilization among the several sub genres is affected by the dates of their appearance and disappearance over time.
	us.altnews.com.au /cargocult/jonfrum/text005.html (1176 words)

	Vanuatu Tanna
		The Jon Frum village in Sulphur Bay, Tanna, is home to one of the last remaining instances of cargoism, a "widespread religious movement among natives of the islands of Melanesia in the South Pacific." As its name suggests, cargoism is based on the worship of cargo.
		The followers of Jon Frum have over the years built warehouses, landing strips and bamboo radio towers in preparation of the arrival of air cargo from Jon Frum.
		In its current manifestation, the cult believes that Jon Frum is "living in the crater of the Yasur volcano with five to twenty thousand men, waiting to return to the villages with gifts and supplies." Jon Frum supporters gather every Friday evening to dance and support the movement.
	www.ascensionatsea.com /Vanuatu/Vanuatu_Tanna.htm (1699 words)

	Vanuatu - Detours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In essence, Jon Frummers believe that by acting as they think white people do they'll be able to intercept the magic that gives whites their wealth.
		Jon Frum's day is celebrated on the fifteenth of February.
		Jon Frummers believe he will return on this day, bringing all the cargo he has promised them.
	www.wordsofwander.com /2001/vanuatu.html (2100 words)

	Army of One: Cargo of The Gods
		One of the older cargo cults worships a faded portrait of King George V of England.
		Another Cargo cult, an active one, is the Jon Frum Movement.
		Jon Frum is identified as the "King of America".
	www.stillmanvalley.org /aoo/archives/000185.html (911 words)

	Jon Frum - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jon Frum (or John Frum) is a figure associated with cargo cults in the volcanic New Hebrides islands (now Vanuatu) in Melanesia.
		A native named Mancheri, under the alias of Jon Frum, posed as this god and began a cult by appearing to some people and making promises of "houses, clothes, food, transport." The cult is still active today.
		The followers believe that Jon Frum will come back on a February 15th.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Jon_Frum (180 words)

	Charlie Tomberg's South Pacific Adventure - Friday, September 30, 2005 - Tanna, Vanuatu
		The John Frum movement is a cargo cult that exists on Tanna island.
		They believe that a man named John Frum visited them during WWII and said that if they gave up custom dancing and instead prayed by holding dancing and music ceremonies each Friday night that he would return and bring them vast wealth.
		Some say that John Frum was a supply officer during the war who gave them surplus goods, but some say he was a missionary.
	travel.ctomberg.com /SouthPacific2005/journal.php?day=22 (1189 words)

	2 Peter 3:3-13
		The Jon Frum Movement is one of these cargo cults which began as a result of the American presence in World War II.
		Followers of Jon Frum have built landing strips and warehouses in anticipation of the arrival of air cargo.
		The center of the Jon Frum cargo cult is based in the village of Sulphur Bay - on the island of Tanna.
	www.muncherian.com /s-2pe3v3.html (2287 words)

	The Jon Frum Cargo Cult - island natives who worship US airforce service men from WWII - Saltcube OBE And Lucid Dream ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The origin of the Jon Frum movement is believed to have started in the mid 1930's when an American Army presence, which had built a base on Efate, recruited about a thousand Tanna men to work there.
		The Jon Frums have focused their beliefs on the WWII American presence and tied the gift of supplies to a mythical US GI named Jon Frum.
		The Jon Frum cargo cult considers its allegiance to Jon Frum and consider themselves an army of Tanna.
	www.saltcube.com /out-of-body/chat-forum/viewTopic.jsp?t=11157 (687 words)

	Kastom Vanuatu
		The Jon Frum Home Page (mirror site) explores cargo cults in general and the Jon Frum cult on Tanna Island in particular.
		The Jon Frum cult gained impetus and adopted the US military medic symbol of a red cross in a white circle.
		The original leaders of the Jon Frum cult were eventually released, and they continued to report the occasional visitation from Jon Frum until their deaths over the past couple of decades.
	members.shaw.ca /scombs/kastom.html (1752 words)

	Is Prince Philip a god? (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chief Jack's tribe is a C splinter group from the Jon Frums, but they share the belief that goods — cargo — will one fall from the sky, bringing wealth to everyone.
		The Yaohnanens believe that Jon Frum had a spiritual brother who lived in the volcano but later emerged to take the form of a white man and move far away, before marrying a very powerful lady.
		As a result, Mr Champion wrote to the Palace, explaining the tribe's belief that the Duke was Jon Frum's brother — and a god — and that a signed photograph might settle the old hurt.
	www.news.vu.cob-web.org:8888 /en/living/tourism/060618-Vanuatu-tourism-Jon-Frum.shtml (2086 words)

	Journal: Tanna
		The Jon Frum Movement is a cargo cult that has been thriving on Tanna since as early as the 1930s.
		Some say Jon Frum was really "John from America", and was a member of the US medical corps who wore the red cross emblem and came to Tanna with medical aid during WWII.
		It is interesting to note that the villages that worship Jon Frum also seem to have returned more to their traditional practices and beliefs, as Jon Frum seemed more tolerant of these than the Presbyterians.
	www.svfelicity.com /journal/vanuatu1.htm (5445 words)

	Cargo-Cult (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Several theories attempt to explain the exact origin of the cults and the meaning of the name Jon Frum, but all agree that the sight of huge quantities of war materiel and fl soldiers in 1942 was catalytic.
		Their animistic beliefs eroded and confused by rival Christian sects, the villagers assumed Frum was some kind of god coming from across the sea to bring them wealth in abundance.
		The Tannese automatically connected him with Jon Frum, and took the Red Cross medical Corps insignia on his uniform as the symbol of their new-found religion.
	hem.passagen.se /jordenruntsegling/bilder/vanuatu/cargo_cult.html (430 words)

	Welcome to the Vancouver Courier - On Line - Travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jon Frum is the legendary figure worshipped by the so-called "cargo cults" in this South Pacific archipelago.
		Around Mount Yasur, an active volcano on the south of the island, tribes people say the rumbling from deep in the mountain is Jon Frum speaking.
		The chief says Jon Frum appears in the night as Prince Philip to the tribe's mystic man. "He tells us to wait, that some time he will be back."
	www.vancourier.com /issues06/033206/travel.html (561 words)

	From the Gonzo
		A big part of the Melanesian culture (which includes Vanuatu--think Jon Frum) is a psychoactive pepper plant called kava.
		The religious cult in Vanuatu, these people actually worship an American GI named Jon Frum, has had a strong following and is one of the world's few remaining "cargo cults." Cargo cults were a result of European colonization for the most part.
		A sect of the cult broke off a couple years back and it culminated in a violent clash with axes and knives, 25 people were hospitalized with injuries after the melee.
	www.inorganicallygonzo.blogspot.com (1280 words)

	Mico Verde (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		(Steph) Tanna is headquarters for the Jon Frum Movement, aka a cargo cult.
		After the military departed, they started worshipping a god-like figure they named Jon Frum, who supposedly will descend someday from the sky with a lot of stuff for them.
		But reportedly they sing about how good it will be when Jon Frum arrives, and how much better life is if everyone stays in the village.
	www.micoverde.com.cob-web.org:8888 /vanuatu_frum.html (530 words)

	Vanuatu Volcano and Adventure Tours: Take a Volcano Tour to Mount Yasur Volcano on Tanna Island, Vanuatu.
		The Jon Frum village is home to the followers of this strange cargo cult, and worshippers of the mythical Jon Frum.
		Every Friday evening the followers of Jon Frum come from surrounding areas to celebrate with song and dance to encourage the ‘messiah’ to return, bringing all the cargo he promised.
		Located about 30 minutes walk from the Jon Frum village, the water here is thermally heated by Mount Yasur Volcano, and is used by the villagers for washing and cooking.
	www.volcanicearth.com /volcanotours.html (2154 words)

	Does Jon Frum Live in Valdez?, Alaska Science Forum
		The Jon Frum organization falls somewhere between a religion and a nationalist political movement, but it began before the war.
		According to elders' memories, the missionaries who were trying to improve islanders' morals---especially as regards their great fondness for an inebriating local drink known as kava---made the mistake of banishing the worst troublemakers to work duty on other islands.
		Their spiritual descendants still perform military drills, with makeshift Yankee uniforms and carved wooden rifles, though nobody remembers who Jon Frum really was.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF11/1137.html (649 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Pacific cult hails second coming of its wealthy US messiah
		For 60 years, the bizarre John Frum movement on Tanna, in the Vanuatu archipelago, has believed that the great wealth or "cargo" that the United States military brought to their island home in wartime will one day miraculously return.
		They worship a messiah-like figure, John (or Jon) Frum, thought to be a combination of an ancient spirit and wartime GIs based on Tanna who introduced themselves to locals as "John from America".
		Carrying wooden "rifles", and with the letters USA daubed in red paint on their bare chests, they have paraded for decades in home-made GI uniforms beneath a tattered Stars and Stripes in the hope of somehow persuading the US government to bring back the wealth.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/04/17/wtanna17.xml (483 words)

	Vanuatu
		Tanna is home to the still active volcano of Mt. Yasur, the cargo cults and the unique Jon Frum religion.
		We were interested in a more in-depth understanding of the religion so forgoing the tourist mini-van we hiked about 5 miles to a John Frum village arriving in early evening long before the tourists and dancing.
		In a scenario foreshadowing that of Nelson Mandela the British imprisoned the Jon Frum chiefs for 17 years from 1940-1957 for practicing their religion.
	www.ventanasvoyage.com /vanuatu.htm (1127 words)

	Places to Go in Rural Vanuatu - Part 3
		At the base of Yasur, on the other side from Port Resolution, is Sulphur Bay, the Jon Frum Cargo Cult village.
		(See the Jon Frum Home Page for more information on cargo cults Tannese and Western.) Observe, but don't try to join into their ceremonies, which involve flying the American flag and marching; an American was deported by the central government (in 1991, I believe) for accompanying on the fife.
		The villagers await the day when Jon Frum will return and give them the material goods presently being selfishly diverted from the heavens, where they are made, by Westerners.
	members.shaw.ca /scombs/trv_pla3.html (1048 words)

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