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	Jonas Hanway - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		JONAS HANWAY (1712-1786), English traveller and philanthropist, was born at Portsmouth in 1712.
		In 1 743, after he had been some time in business for himself in London, he became a partner with Mr Dingley, a merchant in St Petersburg, and in this way was led to travel in Russia and Persia.
		Hanway left seventy-four printed works, mostly pamphlets; the only one of literary importance is the Historical Account of British Trade over the Caspian Sea, with a Journal of Travels, andc.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Jonas_Hanway (397 words)

	Isaac Land \| Bread and Arsenic: Citizenship from the Bottom Up in Georgian London \| Journal of Social History, 39.1 \| ...
		Hanway belonged to a generation of philanthropic thinkers whose willingness to contemplate creative and daring solutions—including an expanded role for government that anticipated the welfare state—has impressed historians.
		Hanway's twentieth-century biographers have emphasized his ambitious, pioneering projects without illuminating the connection between his xenophobia and his passionate conviction that the white Protestant poor could, and must, be redeemed.
		Hanway cooperated with the Black Poor when their agenda matched his, but his record—and subsequently that of his successor, the banker Samuel Hoare, Jr.—was marked by impatience and arrogance when the objects of the Committee's charity were slow to leave the country as instructed.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jsh/39.1/land.html (10004 words)

	Iranica.com - HANWAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		HANWAY, JONAS (1712-86), an English merchant who traveled to Persia and wrote an account of the trip which provides an eyewitness view of northern Iran during Na@der Shah's last years.
		This emboldened Hanway to organize a test caravan of goods to Maæhad, a principal entrepôt of the overland route to India from the Caspian region.
		Taylor, Jonas Hanway, Founder of the Marine Society: Charity and Policy in Eighteenth-Century Britain, London and Berkeley, 1985.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v11f6/v11f6057.html (627 words)

	Yankee Fog: The Sons of Tea-Sippers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hanway (sipping a cup of tea the entire time, I must confess.) It turns out that, in addition to his efforts to protect the Englishman from the pernicious effects of tea, Mr.
		Hanway played a role in the adaptation of another London icon: he was a "pioneer of the umbrella, which he was the first person to use in the streets of London; it only became accepted after many years of ridicule."
		Hanway's view of the umbrella came to be accepted by his countrymen, his view of tea--needless to say--did not.
	www.yankeefog.com /archives/2005/03/the_sons_of_tea.html (366 words)

	Johnson's Review of Hanway on Tea
		Hanway endeavours to show, that the consumption of tea is injurious to the interest of our country.
		Hanway founds his confidence in the governours of the Foundling Hospital, men of whom I have not any knowledge, but whom I entreat to consider a little the minds, as well as bodies, of the children.
		Hanway's computation be just, the importation, and the use of it, ought, at once, to be stopped by a penal law.
	andromeda.rutgers.edu /~jlynch/Texts/tea.html (3319 words)

	Umbrellas: From Emblem to Necessity
		Jonas Hanway, a traveler and philanthropist, was the fellow who rewrote the history of umbrella in England.
		Hanway regularly carried his umbrella till death separated him from his umbrella in 1786 -- after 30-years of Hanway and his umbrella.
		It would be noted that before Hanway's death, both men and women were seen gladly carrying umbrellas in London an its environs.
	www.aina.org /ata/2006049143827.htm (702 words)

	The history of the umbrella at european-umbrellas.com
		England - and particularly London - is known for its rainy weather, and accordingly regarded as a city of umbrellas.
		Hanway’s memorial plaque in Westminster Abbey honours his commitment to abandoned children and prostitutes, but does not mention his groundbreaking service to the rain umbrella.
		This was brought to a commendable end by the London tradesman Jonas Hanway, who made the umbrella into the indispensable companion of the British gentleman.
	www.european-umbrellas.com /all-about-the-umbrella/history/history.html (858 words)

	Tottenham Court Road \| British History Online
		It may probably have been named after one Jonas Hanway, to whom we are mainly indebted for bringing into general use in England that very necessary article of daily need—in our variable climate, at least—the umbrella.
		But Hanway steadily underwent all the staring, laughing, jeering, hooting, and bullying; and having punished some insolent knaves who struck him with their whips as well as their tongues, he finally succeeded in overcoming the prejudices against it.
		He was the noted Jonas Hanway, newly returned from Persia, and in delicate health, by which, of course, his using such a convenience was justified both to himself and the considerate part of the public.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=45208 (6021 words)

	Family History of Neil F. Shearman
		The Hanway’s, an earlier spelling might have been Hannaway, were a little harder to trace.
		David Hanway’s father, Benjamin, died when he was 10, so it seems he was raised away from the rest of the Hanway’s.
		Jonas Hanway born in 1712 seems to have been quite a character and a world traveler for that day and time.
	users.myexcel.com /nfshearman (1260 words)

	Jonas Hanway (in DeQuincey's "Confessions of an English Opium Eater") (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Jonas Hanway (in DeQuincey's "Confessions of an English Opium Eater")
		Hanway was a London merchant, philanthropist, traveller, pamphleteer and eccentric.
		Hanway founded the Marine Society in 1756 and was a member of the Russian Society.
	www.victorianweb.org /victorian/previctorian/dequincey/5n32.html (121 words)

	Bread and arsenic: citizenship from the bottom up in Georgian London Journal of Social History - Find Articles
		His funeral procession was preceded by 25 well-dressed Marine Society boys bearing colored flags, a fitting tribute to Hanway's four decades of commitment to Britain's "nursery of seamen" in an era of nearly continuous warfare with France.
		A merchant, Jonas Hanway, used a private charity to impose racial labels and offer the government a set of ready-made administrative presumptions about where the Black Poor belonged.
		Indeed, scholars who focus on on the written law and bureaucratic practice can (and do) overlook figures like Jonas Hanway or Joseph Johnson, who were engaged in what might be called citizenship from the bottom up.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2005/is_1_39/ai_n15947631 (848 words)

	JONAS HANWAY Autograph
		Jonas Hanway (1712-1796) was a London merchant, philanthropist, traveler, pamphleteer and eccentric.
		Then Hanway carried and used an umbrella publicly in England for 30 years and popularized umbrella use among men.
		There is a memorial to Jonas Hanway in Westminster Abbey.
	www.historyforsale.com /html/prodetails.asp?documentid=81148 (217 words)

	Urchins for the sea : Work in progress : Articles : Journal for Maritime Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		7 However, fifty years later Jonas Hanway complained that those acts had become obsolete and were widely neglected, mainly due to the carelessness of the parish officers and a lack of compulsion to force a master to take a boy.
		In 1758 Hanway wrote that the Society kept a Foul Entry-book for the men, in which was noted beside each name whether the recruit had been an able-bodied landman volunteer, ordinary seaman volunteer, pressed man, a distressed man returned from prisons in France, or sent by a civil magistrate.
		Jonas Hanway wrote in his Letter from a Member of the Marine Society:33 'The objects of the Society are the removing of those who are Vagrants, Pilferers, or by extreme poverty and ignorance, are pernicious to the community; to encourage the industrious poor to send their children to sea’.
	www.jmr.nmm.ac.uk /pietsch (7001 words)

	What Planet is This? - Toot and Hustle
		Jonas Hanway was resident in London, where he carried an umbrella in rainy weather.
		Thanks to Hanway, indeed, umbrellas were at first often referred to as hanways.
		The umbrelliferous ingenuity displayed by the fairer sex persisted through to the first half of the 18th century: fifty years before Jonas Hanway's pioneering efforts, there are infrequent accounts of umbrellas being used by women.
	inamidst.com /notes/tootandhustle (677 words)

	Motives for the Establishment of the Marine Society. : [HANWAY, (Jonas)].
		Bound in contemporary red goatskin by Jonas Hanway's first binder, gilt border of a dog-tooth roll, and a roll of semi-circles and dots, together with repeated fleurons.
		To further his causes Hanway had since at least 1759 commissioned special bindings on his own and other publications for presentation.
		Bindings by Jonas Hanway's first binder are difficult to fine, and although the spine is worn the covers are in fine condition.
	www.maggs.com /title/EA3423.asp (281 words)

	History Today: The educational archive of articles, news and study aids for teachers, students and enthusiasts - The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1754 the reformer Jonas Hanway directed his attention towards child poverty in London.
		Hanway was not one to pass by on the other side, when ‘boys and girls of eight or ten years of age, to our great scandal, have perished in the streets, like starved cats or dogs’.
		Hanway and his fellows, the prison reformers, anti-slavery campaigners and reforming magistrates of the later eighteenth century, were the pioneers.
	www.historytoday.com /dm_getArticle.asp?gid=19477 (321 words)

	The Things People Said... (350 years of attitudes to tea)
		In 1757, Jonas Hanway in an extremely damning essay on tea wrote "the use of tea descended to the Pleboean order among us, about the beginning of the century.
		Hanway continued "Men seem to have lost their stature, and comliness; and women their beauty.
		Hanway felt that the poorer classes should spend their money on bread and other essential foods and not waste their earnings on unnecessary tea.
	www.teamuse.com /article_010402.html (915 words)

	JONAS HANWAY (1712–1786) - Online Information article about JONAS HANWAY (1712–1786)
		JONAS HANWAY (1712–1786) - Online Information article about JONAS HANWAY (1712–1786)
		Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
		On' his life, see also Pugh, Remarkable Occurrences in the Life of Jonas Hanway (London, 1787) ; See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HAN_HEG/HANWAY_JONAS_17121786_.html (678 words)

	The Metropolitan Infirmary for Children, Margate
		Jonas Hanway's Act, of 1767 promoted by Foundling Hospital governor Jonas Hanway, required that all pauper children under six from Metropolitan parishes be sent to school in the countryside at least three miles from London or Westminster.
		So, she appropriated the greater part of the weekly stipend to her own use, and consigned the rising parochial generation to even a shorter allowance than was originally provided for them.
		Hanway's Act survived the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act and unions continued to send their children to privately run establishments, the largest of which were Mr Aubin's at Norwood and Mr Druett's in Tooting.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~peter/workhouse/MetInfChildren/MetInfChildren.shtml (401 words)

	Asia
		Furtherance of these arrival, those audiences and ceremonials done, Friedrich and suite twenty miles out to sea; dined on board; and would have, if the The harbor is much in need of dredging, the building docks and prosper.
		He has declared Embden a "Free-Haven," inviting trade Sir Jonas Hanway and the jealous mercantile world well did) what devising, are afoot there.
		A Company patronized, in all ways, founded on voluntary shares, which, to the regret of Hanway and to China.
	www.wordlookup.net /as/asia.html (358 words)

	Umbrella - Background, Raw Materials
		It was not until 1750 that the Englishman Jonas Hanway set out to popularize the umbrella.
		Enduring laughter and scorn, Hanway carried an umbrella wherever he went; not only was the umbrella unusual, it was a threat to the coachmen of England, who derived a good portion of their income from gentlemen who took cabs in order to keep dry on rainy days.
		Due to the efforts of Hanway, MacDonald, and other enterprising individuals, the umbrella became a common accessory.
	www.madehow.com /Volume-1/Umbrella.html (1767 words)

	Amazon.com: "Jonas Hanway": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		which Jonas Hanway-a Russia Company merchant, tireless pamphleteer and philanthropist, and one of the Magdalen 's founders-referred to as `houses of corruption,...
		The Region of the Eternal Fire: An account of a journey to the petroleum region of the Caspian in 1883 by Charles Marvin
		formed by the Marine Society's founder, Jonas Hanway, in 1760 to support the widows and children of British soldiers in North America and Germany.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Jonas-Hanway (485 words)

	Great Britain - c.1795 - 1/2 Penny Token (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Whips and bridle bits are found on ancient sculpture but the curb was introduced into England about the reign of Charles I. A Mr.
		Jonas Hanway returned from Persia during the middle of the eighteenth century and introduced the umbrella into England.
		The early umbrellas were formidable pieces of equipment made of heavy waxed cloth with cane ribs, and with a ring at the cloth end for carrying on a finger, or hanging on a peg in the hall.
	www.napoleonicmedals.org /coins/dh345.htm (234 words)

	The Seattle Times: Outdoors: Ramblings: Map, compass, flashlight ... umbrella?
		In England, an umbrella was viewed as "a screen commonly used by women to keep off rain" (from an English dictionary, 1708).
		Guys had nothing to do with them until some fellow named Jonas Hanway turned the umbrella into the manpri of his day.
		Hanway endured years of ridicule, but by the late 18th century umbrellas finally filtered into the mainstream and even reached America.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/outdoors/2002776568_nwwramblings02.html (865 words)

	Birth of the Portland Marine Society - Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Portsmouth, which had ceased operations in 1905, has been revived to publish books on local maritime history, an ongoing project which began in 1982.
		The Marine Society was the brainchild of one Jonas Hanway (1712-1786), a bachelor eccentric who among his other exploits, introduced the now-ubiquitous umbrella to England.
		Hanway saw the Marine Society as a means of training London’s street urchins—who he saw, probably correctly, as headed for criminal careers—as seamen for the Royal Navy instead.
	home.maine.rr.com /mariner/pomaso/birth/pms2.html (362 words)

	The Weather Doctor Almanac 2005 The Umbrella
		Nonetheless, a servant's duty, and sign of respect, on a rainy day mandated he hold an umbrella over a gentleman between his carriage and the door of an inn or other establishment.
		(Hanway is often mistakenly cited as its inventor and its introduction to London; however, his umbrella was most likely of French manufacture.) Hanway carried it constantly for thirty years to protect his clothing from sun and rain.
		Often harassed by rogues and coachmen who saw their livelihood threatened, Hanway created a local sensation, but his example so popularized male umbrella use that English gentlemen often still referred to their umbrella as a Hanway.
	www.islandnet.com /~see/weather/almanac/arc2005/alm05nov.htm (2316 words)

	The Newgate Calendar - CONCLUDING NOTE
		The book that does not tend to make people wiser and better is a nuisance to society, and a disgrace to the press.
		Jonas Hanway, Esq; in a letter to Sir Charles Bunbury, says, 'In the general view of our prisons, I beg leave to make a few remarks, which to those who have not considered the subject may carry some degree of information.
		Of all the abuses which ever crept into civil society, professing Christianity, considering the evil propensities of the common run of our malefactors, the tap-house seems to stand in a distinguished rank.
	www.exclassics.com /newgate/ng650.htm (965 words)

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