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Topic: Jonestown mass suicide

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Jonestown

Jim Jones

Leo Ryan

Peoples Temple

Suicide

Father Divine

Doctrine of Father Divine

Suicide note

Charismatic authority

Flavor aid

Larry Walters

Cyanide

November 2003

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Mavis Hutchinson

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Jonestown
		Jonestown gained lasting international notoriety in 1978, when nearly its whole population of roughly a thousand people died in a mass murder-and-suicide ordered by Jones, who was among the nine-hundred-and-some slain.
		It was the sudden and overwhelming population increase at Jonestown that caused most of the settlement's general loss of morale, which Jones attempted to boost by holding "white nights", which in the end turned out to be practice runs for mass suicide.
		The mass suicides that were to make Jonestown notorious were rehearsed during so called "white nights." In an affidavit, Peoples Temple defector Deborah Layton wrote that during one of these white nights, people were told that they would die, and were forced to drink unsweetened Flavor Aid that they were told contained poison.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Jonestown_mass_suicide (5785 words)

	Jonestown
		Jonestown was a town in Guyana established by cult leader Jim Jones.
		Incidents of cruelty and inhumanity continued and increased within Jonestown, beatings were commonplace, along with electric shock tortures.
		Ryan and his party of 18, which were comprised of journalists and photographers, discovered a fearful, depressed group of followers, some which were to afraid to speak, some that was angry and saw their visit as troubles from outside, and others that complained of the dire situation within the compound.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/jo/Jonestown.html (680 words)

	Jonestown at AllExperts
		Jonestown's population increased greatly from 50 members in 1977 to over 900 at its peak in 1978.
		The purpose of the visit was to investigate allegations made by escaped members and relatives of members still at Jonestown that human rights were being violated daily, people were being held against their free will, had their money and passports taken and held, and that rehearsals of mass suicide were being conducted.
		Jonestown itself became a "ghost town" after 1978 and was mostly destroyed by a fire in the mid-1980s, after which the ruins were left to decay.
	en.allexperts.com /e/j/jo/jonestown.htm (3820 words)

	Mass Suicide \| Holology.com
		Individual suicides preceded by such thoughts are fairly common events that affect all socio-economic groups but mass suicides are typically thought of as rare and affecting only brainwashed dupes belonging to strange cults.
		In fact, mass suicides are much more common than most would expect and when the scope and chronology is extended to encompass entire societies then the prevalence of mass suicides is nothing short of a pandemic of global proportions.
		Mass suicide can also be seen in the case of archaic cultures around the globe, just like the languages that go with them, dying off by the thousands.
	www.holology.com /suicide.html (3168 words)

	People's Temple, Jim Jones, Jonestown - religious cults and sects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Defense lawyers referred to the mass suicide of 912 followers of cult leader Reverend Jim Jones in Jonestown, Guyana, to attack the evidence of the expert witness of the Central Christian Church.
		Joseph Blatchford, the officially appointed attorney for the "Jonestown" survivors, was involved in a scandal involving CIA infiltration of the Peace Corps.
		The final area of concern in the "Jonestown" massacre regards the official US decision not to conduct autopsies on the victims of the massacre; the reason given was that the cause of death was readily apparent.
	www.apologeticsindex.org /p21.html (4634 words)

	Jonestown - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jonestown was the communal settlement made the mid 1970s in northwestern Guyana by the Peoples Temple, a cult from California led by and named after Jim Jones.
		Jonestown gained lasting international notoriety in 1978, when nearly its whole population died in a mass murder-and-suicide ordered by Jones, who was among the 909
		Jonestown's population increased from 50 members in 1977 to over 900 at its peak in 1978.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jonestown_mass_suicide (6315 words)

	THE PEOPLE'S TEMPLE (JIM JONES)
		Mass suicides were practiced in which his followers pretended to drink poison and fell to the ground.
		It is often claimed that the Jonestown disaster was a mass suicide made possible by mind-control.
		Our understanding of the Jonestown deaths is still hindered by the unavailability of numerous key documents that would highlight the situation at Jonestown immediately prior to and during Congressman Ryan's visit, the relationship of the State Department to the Jonestown community, and the state of mind of Peoples Temple leader, Rev. Jim Jones.
	www.religioustolerance.org /dc_jones.htm (1733 words)

	Lessons from Jonestown
		The mass suicide of People's Temple followers 25 years ago teaches psychologists what happens when social psychology is placed in the wrong hands.
		Jonestown, they say, offers important lessons for psychology, such as the power of situational and social influences and the consequences of a leader using such influences to destructively manipulate others' behavior.
		Indeed, Jonestown should serve as a warning to the social psychology community in what can happen when principles of influence are abused by leaders of an organization, Zimbardo says.
	www.apa.org /monitor/nov03/jonestown.html (1400 words)

	MASS SUICIDE
		There was every sign in advance of the tragedy that Jonestown was being lined up as "lambs to the slaughter," by elements opposed to racial integration, economic self-determination for minorities, left-wing politics, and especially, the imminent planned move to relocate the community to safety in Russia during the Cold War.
		Moreover Annie was shot with a dum-dum bullet, which the community did not have at Jonestown, and it was even speculated in the New York Times on December 12, 1978, that it may have been the same type bullet from the same gun that shot Congressman Ryan at the airstrip several miles away.
		The suicides, whatever their motivation, marred any claim of humanity for the people of Jonestown in the eyes of the world.
	jonestown.sdsu.edu /Jonestown_com/MASSSUICIDE.htm (2677 words)

	CNN - Jonestown massacre + 20: Questions linger - November 18, 1998
		George Berdes, chief consultant to the committee at the time of the investigation, told the San Francisco Chronicle the papers were classified to assure sources' confidentiality, but he thinks it is time to declassify them.
		What is known about the end of Jonestown is that on November 18, 1978, Jones ordered more than 900 of his followers to drink cyanide-poisoned punch.
		She went to the U.S. consulate and later to newspapers with a warning: Jones was conducting drills for a mass murder-suicide.
	www.cnn.com /US/9811/18/jonestown.anniv.01 (791 words)

	Jim Jones at AllExperts
		People who had left the organization prior to its move to Guyana told the authorities of brutal beatings, murders and of a mass suicide plan, but were not believed.
		Later that same day, the remaining 914 inhabitants of Jonestown, 276 of them children, committed mass suicide that Jones referred to as "revolutionary suicide" on Jones's instructions by drinking cyanide-laced Flavor Aid, by forced cyanide injection, or by shooting.
		Jones had borrowed the term "revolutionary suicide" from Black Panther leader Huey Newton who had argued the slow suicide of life in the ghetto ought to be replaced by revolutionary struggle that would end only in victory (socialism and self determination) or revolutionary suicide (death).
	en.allexperts.com /e/j/ji/jim_jones.htm (1218 words)

	Jonestown - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Jonestown, commune of the People's Temple Sect, situated to the north-west of Georgetown, Guyana, established in 1974 by the American Jim Jones, who...
		Guyana was the scene of the Jonestown mass suicide and murder in 1978, when more than 900 members of a religious cult, primarily US citizens, took...
		Membership of extremist groups may result from being the victim of prejudice or defective upbringing and socialization.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Jonestown.html (82 words)

	The Jonestown Massacre
		Though dubbed a "massacre," what transpired at Jonestown on November 18, 1978, was to some extent done willingly, making the mass suicide all the more disturbing.
		The Jonestown cult (officially named the "People's Temple") was founded in 1955 by Indianapolis preacher James Warren Jones.
		In 1977, Jones and many of his followers relocated to Jonestown, located on a tract of land the People's Temple had purchased and begun to develop in Guyana three years earlier.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/jonestown1.html (405 words)

	The Jonestown Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A so-called "White Night" or "state of emergency" was often declared at the compound and within this context mass suicide was rehearsed.
		Jim Jones body was found at Jonestown, fatally wounded by a gunshot to the head.
		Willie Brown now the Mayor of San Francisco lamented in 1998, twenty years after the mass suicide and murders, that "Jonestown was a tragedy of the first order, and it remains a painful and sorrowful event in our history.
	www.culteducation.com /jonestown.html (697 words)

	Internet Archive: Details: The Jonestown Death Tape (FBI No. Q 042)
		His tricks from before forming Jonestown had already established him as a so-called prophet and he reaffirms this fact on the tape when a lady tries to reason with him about fleeing rather than simply rolling over and dying.
		Later on, as the suicide (murder?) is underway, he loses his patience with the parents of the children who are apparently resisting being put to death and even tries to blame them (the parents) for inciting the children into resistance.
		I was born and raise in Georgetown Guyana in 1976.
	www.archive.org /details/ptc1978-11-18.flac16 (2035 words)

	CNN - Jonestown massacre memories linger amid rumors of CIA link - November 19, 1998
		On Wednesday, the people who went to Jonestown in the hope of starting a new society were remembered not just for the way their lives ended on November 18, 1978.
		On a quiet hillside, relatives of the dead, as well as a few people who escaped the Jonestown Massacre, met at a mass grave for many of the cult victims and remembered how they lived.
		The suicide was preceded by a visit from U.S. Rep. Leo Ryan, who had arrived in Jonestown to investigate complaints from relatives that people were being held there against their will.
	www.cnn.com /US/9811/19/jonestown.anniversary.01 (895 words)

	Jonestown Massacre: A 'Reason' to Die
		The community had come to be known as “Jonestown.” The dead were all members of a group known as “The People’s Temple” which was led by the Reverend Jim Jones.
		It would soon be learned that 913 of the 1100 people believed to have been at “Jonestown” at the time had died in a mass suicide.
		According to the official report, the mass suicide began at about 5:00 pm as the shooting was beginning at the airport.
	www.crimelibrary.com /notorious_murders/mass/jonestown/index_1.html (2009 words)

	"Suicide Tape Transcript"
		In essence, the community's "revolutionary suicide" was seen by Jones and the leadership as an act of murder by Stoen.
		In my view, there were two pivotal moments during the suicide meeting when events could have turned another direction had people with authority not spoken in support of Jones and the decision to commit suicide.
		The suicides were so well organized that the potion for the children was prepared in a different container (at a lesser strength, I assume) than the potion for the adults.
	employees.oneonta.edu /downinll/mass_suicide.htm (5615 words)

	Jim Jones - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The present-day California State Senator Jackie Speier, a staff member for Rep. Ryan in 1978, Richard Dwyer, the Deputy Chief of Mission from the U.S. Embassy at Georgetown and allegedly an officer of the Central Intelligence Agency, and a producer for NBC News, Bob Flick, survived the attack.
		Later that same day, the remaining 909 inhabitants of Jonestown, 276 of them children, committed mass suicide that Jones referred to as "revolutionary suicide" on Jones's instructions by drinking cyanide-laced Flavor Aid, by forced cyanide injection, or by shooting.
		Their biological son, Stephan Gandhi Jones, did not take part in the mass suicide because he was away, playing in the Peoples Temple basketball team.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jim_Jones (1141 words)

	Jonestown, Guyana Mass Suicide, Massacre, & Jim Jones Cult
		After the People's Temple mass suicide in Jonestown, Guyana, Father Divine was posthumously slandered in a made-for-TV movie, "Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones".
		The convert wrote Mother Divine trying to convince her that Jones was Father Divine until the infamous mass suicide in Jonestown, Guyana in 1978.
		Jonestown, Guyana Mass Suicide, Massacre, and Jim Jones Cult.
	www.geocities.com /oldsayville/jones.htm (3125 words)

	Jonestown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Jonestown, an agricultural commune in northwestern Guyana, was the site, in 1978, of the mass suicide of more than 900 members of an American religious cult called the People's Temple, led by James Warren "Jim" Jones (1931-78).
		In Jonestown the cult members were cut off from the outside world.
		On November 18, Ryan and several of his party were murdered, after which Jones ordered his followers to commit suicide with him by drinking a concoction of a powdered fruit drink and cyanide.
	www.landofsixpeoples.com /jonestwn.htm (346 words)

	revolution: jonestown massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		On November 18, 1978, over 900 members of a religious group led by the Reverend Jim Jones were killed in an apparent mass suicide.
		Shortly before the mass suicide, U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan was assassinated on Jones' orders.
		Others claim the CIA was involved in Jonestown, possibly as part of a mind control experiment.
	www.boogieonline.com /revolution/express/religion/jonestown.html (306 words)

	Jim Jones, Jonestown, People's Temple in the News 5
		October 23, 2003 Lessons Still to Be Drawn A Quarter Century After Jonestown, UC Davis News & Information, University of California, Davis (Twenty-five years ago, a U.S. congressman and four others were assassinated at a jungle airstrip in Guyana, followed by the murders and mass suicides of more than 900 members of Peoples Temple.
		April 15, 2003 Jonestown Mass Suicide Survivor to Speak at Fresno State Wednesday, FresnoStateNews, California State University, Fresno (Deborah Layton, one of the few survivors of the 1978 cult mass suicide in Jonestown, Guyana, will speak at California State University, Fresno at noon on Wednesday (April 16) in University Center room 200.
		After Jonestown, as the working title of VanDeCarr and co-director Rick Butler's documentary-in-progress suggests, will take a more contemplative view of the aftermath of a calamity that is, like most, just another blip on the TV screen to those of us not directly affected.
	www.cultsoncampus.com /jimjones5.html (1051 words)

	The Rise and Fall of Jim Jones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ryan was there to investigate complaints about the community called "Jonestown," which was largely inhabited by his former California constituents.
		In June of 1978, Jonestown defector Deborah Layton told her story to the San Francisco Chronicle and described the harsh conditions and control within the group's Guyana compound.
		June 1978: Temple defector Deborah Layton is interviewed by the San Francisco Chronicle and exposes the brutality and apparent plans for mass suicide at Jonestown.
	www.rickross.com /reference/jonestown/jonestown4.html (1243 words)

	Jonestown, Jim Jones and the People's Temple
		Jonestown survivor: 'Wrong from every point of view'
		Jonestown only the beginning of episodic cult nightmare
		The Assassination of Representative Leo J. Ryan and the Jonestown, Guyana Tragedy
	www.rickross.com /groups/jonestown.html (147 words)

	HK Tung Says Falun Gong Evokes Jonestown Suicide - News about religious cults and sects
		HONG KONG (Reuters) - Hong Kong leader Tung Chee-hwa said the recent public suicide attempt by alleged members of the Falun Gong spiritual movement in central Beijing reminded him of the Jonestown mass cult suicide in 1978.
		``It is eerily reminiscent of the Jonestown mass suicide in Guyana...That too was a mix of cult and politics.
		More than 900 disciples of the American Reverend James Jones drank cyanide-laced Cool-Aid at his Jonestown colony in Guyana in South America in what may be the largest mass suicide in history.
	www.apologeticsindex.org /news1/an010523-01.html (603 words)

	Jim Jones, Jonestown, People's Temple in the News 6
		To this day, Guyanese hardly regard the mass suicide/murder as being a part of their own local history, and in a sense they are right.
		While the Jonestown residents occupied a portion of Guyana's land space, they were not incorporated into its body politic.
		Using audio tapes, this documentary reveals that most of the 900 victims of the Jonestown mass "suicide" of 1978 were actually murdered--injected with cyanide against their will.
	www.cultsoncampus.com /jimjones6.html (2727 words)

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