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Topic: Jose Miaja

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Juan Modesto

Spanish Civil War

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Dolores Ibarruri

Spanish Civil War

	1939, Jan. 26. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Republican fleet escaped from Cartagena and took refuge in the Tunisian port of Bizerte, where it was interned by the French authorities.
		The new Madrid regime was committed to a policy of “peace with honor,” but this policy at once led to conflict with the Communists in the capital, producing a civil war within the larger civil war.
		The Communists were finally defeated, and Miaja then devoted himself to the task of reaching a compromise with Franco.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1932.html (459 words)

	Battle of Brunete - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republicans were able to trap the Nationalist garrison in Villafranca del Castillo, forcing General Varela to send the 5th Brigade of Navarre to relieve the pressure.
		The one bright spot for the Republicans was the capture of Villanueva del Pardillo on July 11 by the XIIth International Brigade of Durán's 69th Division.
		The Republican offensive was clearly grinding to a halt and Miaja finally ordered an end to the attacks on July 15.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Brunete (1465 words)

	Jose Miaja
		After the Popular Front victory, Miaja was appointed commander of the 1st Division in Madrid.
		On the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War he remained loyal to the Republic and accepted the post of minister of war under Diego Martinez Barrio.
		In April 1938 Miaja was made commander of all military forces in central and southern Spain.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /SPmiaja.htm (746 words)

	Spanish Civil War - Main Events Of The War
		The garrison was mainly drawn from the local Guardia Civil and Falange, and was commanded by the Commandant of the Academy, Colonel Jose Moscardo.
		The right-hand (or western) army, which was commanded by General Jose Moscardo, had little trouble in forcing the opposing Republican troops back, but the left-hand (or eastern) army, which was composed of Italian "volunteers" and led by General Mario Roatta, experienced stiffening resistance after their capture of Brihuega on 10th March.
		The Nationalists, who were led by Generals Antonio Aranda and Jose Solchaga, launched an offensive through the Mountains of Leon and along the coast from the East to capture Gijon.
	www.users.dircon.co.uk /~warden/scw/scwevent.htm (3697 words)

	Spanish Civil war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The garrison was mainly comprised of local Guardia Civil and Falange and was commanded by the Commandant of the Academy, Colonel Jose Moscardo.
		General José Miaja was appointed commander of the Republican Army in Madrid and was instructed to set up a Junta de Defensa (Defence Council) and to defend Madrid 'at all costs'.
		Miaja's task was helped by the arrival of the International Brigades, the first units reaching Madrid on 8th November.
	www.nerjatoday.com /spanishcivilwar.htm (4285 words)

	The Spanish Civil War
		By the 1st November 1936, 25,000 Nationalist troops under General Jose Varela had reached the western and southern suburbs of Madrid.
		Miaja's task was helped by the arrival of the International Brigades.
		General José Miaja sent three International Brigades including the Dimitrov Battalion and the British Battalion to the Jarama Valley to block the advance.
	www.martinfrost.ws /htmlfiles/span_civwar.html (4640 words)

	Bob Cordery: The main events of the Spanish Civil War
		The nominal leader of the Rising, General Jose Sanjurjo, was killed when the aircraft bringing him from Portugal to Burgos crashed on take-off.
		Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera (the leader of the Falange), who had been stranded in Republican Spain at the time of the Rising, was executed in Alicante.
		General Jose Miaja ordered two Republican Corps (led by Generals Juan Modesto and Enrique Jurado) to advance southwards from the El Escorial — Madrid road towards Brunete.
	orwell.ru /a_life/Spanish_War/events/e/e_events.htm (3800 words)

	Nine Articles by Luis Silva - THE BATTLE OF BRUNETE
		The 5th Corps was comprised of the 11th Division commanded by Lister, the 46th Division under Valentin Gonzalez, known as 'El Campesino, and the 35th Division led by ‘General’ Karol Swierczewski, known as 'General Walter', a former Polish colonel of the Russian Army, and the 11th International Brigade.
		At 11am Miaja tried to break the logjam by directing Lister to hold out until Villanueva de la Canada was captured, while Juardo sent Gal's 15th Division, reinforced by the 68th Brigade, past the village to the Romanillos Ridge.
		Miaja was forced into this course of action by the deteriorating supply situation and the ever-increasing strength of the Nationalists.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/LuisSilva/00000014.htm (6586 words)

	Araquistáin - The Communists and the Spanish Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		General José Miaja, who was ordered to send some of the Madrid troops to the Estremadura sector, refused at first.
		In the end General Miaja had to desist of his undiscipline in the face of the energetic attitude taken by Señor Largo Caballero, and the required troops were provided.
		And when the Spanish Government prepared an operation that was not to the liking of these advisers, or which they claimed conflicted with their interests, they boycotted it, as happened in the case of the action planned at Merida.
	www.whatnextjournal.co.uk /Pages/History/Araquist.html (4882 words)

	1938: Spain, Civil War In - Archive Article - MSN Encarta
		In order to bring greater unity into the army command, General José Miaja, the veteran defender of Madrid, was placed at the head of the Loyalist forces in the whole Madrid-Valencia area.
		In the course of it, on July 5, General Aranda's army of Galicians broke through General Miaja's defenses at Burriana and pushed south to within ten miles of Sagunto.
		While these events were happening on the seacoast, the Insurgent right wing and center under General Varela were operating in the interior and succeeded in surrounding Barracos and approaching Viver and Segorbe.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /sidebar_461500811/1938_Spain_Civil_War_In.html (5031 words)

	Spain Betrayed (by the anarchists) : LA IMC
		General José Miaja Menant (1878-1958) and Colonel Segismundo Casado López (1893-1965) were Republican army generals who attempted a coup against the Republican government of Juan Negrín in order to end the Spanish Civil War through negotiations with Franco.
		Today in Madrid it is a matter of a stab in the back on the part of the disloyal generals who wanted to prepare the ground for their capitulation to Franco by the destruction of the Communists.
		Miaja, Casado and Besteiro, followed by certain CNTers and some Caballerists, hoped — or at any rate, pretended to hope — for an ‘honourable peace’ and for clemency on the part of Franco.
	la.indymedia.org /news/2006/01/144065_comment.php (19084 words)

	1939: Spain - Archive Article - MSN Encarta
		Believing Premier Negrin's policy futile and realizing that large numbers were already deserting to the Nationalist lines, the military leaders of Madrid, headed by General Sigismundo Casado, set up a National Defense Council with the Loyalist generalissimo José Miaja as President and prepared to open negotiations with General Franco.
		Premier Negrin and his cabinet, in danger of arrest, made a last minute flight to France, while General Miaja issued a broadcast urging surrender.
		General Miaja and his suite escaped by plane to Algiers.
	encarta.msn.com /sidebar_461501574/1939_Spain.html (3858 words)

	Spanish Civil War - MSN Encarta
		Franco's delay permitted the reorganization of the defence of Madrid, aided by the arrival of arms from the Soviet Union and columns of volunteers known as the International Brigades.
		Nevertheless, on November 6, the government fled to Valencia, leaving Madrid in the hands of General José Miaja.
		Supported by the communist-dominated Junta de Defensa, he rallied the population, leaving military planning to his brilliant Chief of Staff, Colonel Vicente Rojo.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781530808/Spanish_Civil_War.html (1578 words)

	The Visual Front - Posters of the Spanish Civil War
		In fact, the government of the Republic was so concerned about the fall of the city that on the eve of the attack, it packed up and fled to Valencia.
		Before Francisco Largo Caballero, the acting Prime Minister, left Madrid, he met with General José Miaja and put him in charge of the city's defense.
		In the wee hours of the night, Miaja scraped together the few government officials who were left, combed the streets for volunteers, and quickly put together a defensive strategy.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /speccoll/visfront/oso.html (592 words)

	Spanish Civil War
		;November 6 : The defense of Madrid is organized under the newly created Junta de Defensa directed by General Jose Miaja.
		In heavy combat, Republican forces under Generals Pozas and Miaja prevent them from achieving this objective.
		Attempting to reduce the Nationalist pressure on Madrid, General Miaja orders an offensive directed by Generals Juan Modesto and Enrique Jurado.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/s/sp/spanish_civil_war.html (3658 words)

	Spanish Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The defense of Madrid is organized the newly created Junta de Defensa directed General Jose Miaja.
		Anarchist leader Buenaventura Durruti is gravely wounded during the fighting Madrid.
		The and between 60 000 and 100 000 flee along the coast road pounded by fire from the vessels Canarias and Almirante Cervera.
	www.freeglossary.com /Spanish_Civil_War (3271 words)

	Madrid
		José Miaja in Madrid joined the rebellion by ordering the arrests of Communists in the city.
		At night the Fascist artillery would open up, and what with the physical effects of the food and the expectation of a shell exploding in the bedroom I did not find my nights in Madrid particularly pleasant.
		The famous and gallant defender of Madrid, General Miaja, invited us to dinner at his headquarters in a vault well below the ground.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /SPmadrid.htm (4944 words)

	Europe/Former Soviet Union Region
		The government suppressed a military rebellion led by General Jose Sanjurjo in Seville on August 10, 1932, and the government suppressed a rebellion in Barcelona on January 8, 1933.
		Jose Giral y Pereira of the PF formed a republican government as prime minister, and requested French military assistance (weapons, ammunition, and military aircraft) on July 19-20, 1936.
		Antonio Jose de Almeida was elected president by the Congress on August 5, 1919.
	faculty.uca.edu /~markm/tpi_narratives_europe.htm (18775 words)

	Channeling Durrati: April 2006
		Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera was born in 1903 scion to a minor aristocratic family.
		His father, Miguel Primo de Rivera was a general in the Spanish army who would, in 1923 establish himself dictator of Spain, suspend the constitution, establish martial law, imposed strict censorship, and ban all political parties.
		Though Jose Antonio was captured and put to death by the Republic for his part in his Organization’s (the Falange) part in the uprising of the generals, his party was merged with Franco’s Carlists to form the one party that would rule Spain for the next 40 years.
	channelingdurrati.blogspot.com /2006_04_01_channelingdurrati_archive.html (11475 words)

	TWO NEW ENEMY COLUMNS ARE CONVERGING UPON ISRAEL (Colonel Irving Kett) - May, 1997
		In 1938 four fascist columns under Generalissimo Francisco Franco were converging on the beleaguered Spanish Republican capital of Madrid.
		The commander of the loyalist forces, General Jose Miaja, claimed that a fifth column in the form of underground enemy elements was expected to arise in the heat of battle to stab the defenders in the back.
		It is my contention that Israel now faces not one but two internal enemy forces and that they are gearing to strike with the full weight of their power when Israel will be most vulnerable.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/may97/kett.htm (1375 words)

	Chronology 1939
		The Miaja government introduced the policy of "peace with honor," a program rejected by the Spanish Communists.
		Eventually Premier Miaja defeated the Communists and began negotiations on a political compromise with the Spanish Nationalists.
		With the unconditional surrender of the Miaja government, the Spanish Nationalists gained control of the last Loyalist strongholds in Madrid and Valencia.
	www.indiana.edu /~league/1939.htm (6628 words)

	HOI Japan page 3
		While the Nationalists still have the numbers in the south the same cannot be said in the north as the Nationalists are thought to be outnumbered at least two to one in the entire theater.
		General Jose Miaja has so far led a lightning assault upon rebel possessions in Central Spain and has begun the execution of any captured rebel officers, partly as many people believe, because of the August 1st slaughtered of as many as 2,000 POWs held by the Nationalist forces retreating from Barcelona.
		Nationalist forces, lured into the now almost cut off area surrounding the city of Pamplona are now racing back towards their capitol of Burgos in full retreat.
	www.talkstrategy.com /Games/Hoi/HOI1-3.htm (1327 words)

	In the Time of Lovecraft
		He left a loyal but otherwise undistinguished general, José Miaja, in charge of the defense of the city, presumably to supervise its surrender.
		Much to everyone’s surprise, Miaja managed to coordinate his army’s efforts with the civilian population and the special voluntary fighting forces.
		They were assisted by members of the newly-formed International Brigade, volunteers from all over the world who believed in the anti-fascist cause: many of them were veterans of the Great War, and they were instrumental in turning back the Franco forces.
	www.cthulhulives.org /ITTOL/ITTOL.html (18274 words)

	Oberlin Alumni Magazine :: Summer 2003
		This had been the site months earlier of the fierce battle for Madrid, where hand-to-hand combat had been fought through classrooms and laboratories.
		Later, during a trip to an army base in nearby Alcalá de Henares, the delegation reviewed troops with Republic military general José Miaja, prompting Rogers’ observation, “This is a peasants’ and workers’ army.
		No parade army.” At his hotel in Madrid, he was visited by another old friend, the Spanish poet León Felipe.
	www.oberlin.edu /alummag/summer2003/ats_08.html (827 words)

	The Visual Front - Posters of the Spanish Civil War
		When the central government left Madrid for Valencia on November 6, 1936, executive powers for the capital were conferred upon the Junta de Defensa de Madrid (Committee for the Defense of Madrid), which on November 31 was renamed Junta Delegada de Defensa de Madrid.
		This Junta Delegada was presided by General José Miaja, who was ordered to defend the city at all cost--a mission in which he succeeded for over two years.
		It was integrated by members of the Socialist and Communist parties and youth organizations, by Anarchists, and by members of the moderate Republican parties.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /speccoll/visfront/intro.html (3584 words)

	Review of Ronald Radosh, Mary R. Habeck, and Grigory Sevostianov, eds. Spain Betrayed: The Soviet Union in the Spanish ...
		Kleber says relations with the official Madrid Junta of Defense commander Gen. Jose Miaja were good until mid-1937.
		The major enemy of the Communists within the Popular Front coalition, both Spanish and foreign, was General Jose Asensio.
		After the fall of Malaga in February 1937 the Soviets were convinced he was a secret agent of Franco sabotaging the Popular Front (Docs.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/reviewsw128.htm (2701 words)

	Today in History March 6
		Pena later wrote a memoir: "With Santa Anna in Texas: Diary of Jose Enrique de la Pena," that described the capture and execution of Davy Crockett (49) and 6 other Alamo defenders.
		1937 Mar 6, Jose Pena Gomez (d.1998 at 61), advocate for the poor and later mayor of Santo Domingo, was born in Valverde, Dominican Republic, to Haitian immigrants.
		According to Jose Pena Gomez, a Dominican massacre of Haitians forced his parents to flee back to Haiti.
	timelines.ws /days/03_06.HTML (5396 words)

	sociology - Spanish Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		FE (Falange Española de las JONS) - created by a merger in 1934 of two fascist organisations, Primo de Rivera's Falange (Phalanx), founded in 1933, and Ramiro Ledesma 's JONS (Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista - Assemblies of National-Syndicalist Offensive), founded in 1931.
		It became a mass movement after the defeat of the PRR and the collapse of the CEDA in the 1936 General Election, when it was joined by Jose Maria Gil-Robles' Acción Popular, and Acción Católica, led by Ramón Serrano Súñer.
		FET (Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS) - created by a merger in 1937 of the FE and the Carlist party, bringing the remaining political and militia components of the Nationalist side under Franco's ultimate authority.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Spanish_Civil_War (4389 words)

	Cleartime: R Obits
		She was snapped up by Puerto Rico's most respected newspaper, El Nuevo Dia, and worked there as a reporter and editor until she joined the AP in 2003.
		Mourners lined up for one and a-half hours to pay tribute to her, and hundreds had to stand outside because there was not enough space in the funeral home.
		He left for several years to work as a political editor at Ahora and later as press chief for Spain's Gen. Jose Miaja.
	www.ap.org /cleartime/r.html (1500 words)

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