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	Josef Kramer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Josef Kramer (November 10, 1906 – December 14, 1945) was the commander of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
		Kramer was born in Munich and joined the Nazi Party in 1931 and the SS in 1932.
		In late 1944 Kramer was transferred from Birkenau to Belsen, near the village of Bergen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Josef_Kramer (657 words)

	The gas chamber at Natzweiler-Struthof Nazi concentration camp in Alsace, France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Kramer made his confession after he was arrested at Bergen-Belsen when that camp was voluntarily turned over to the British on April 15, 1945.
		Kramer was convicted by a British military tribunal and hanged for the crimes he had committed at Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen.
		Obviously, Kramer had no remorse for his crimes and did not expect to be arrested, or he would have escaped along with the other guards who left the camp before the British arrived.
	www.scrapbookpages.com /Natzweiler/History/GasChamber.html (1702 words)

	Josef Kramer
		Joseph Kramer was born in Germany in 1906.
		Kramer served in the Natzweiler camp before being appointed as the commandant of Auschwitz and later Belsen.
		Joseph Kramer was found guilty and executed on 1st October, 1946.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /GERkramerJ.htm (785 words)

	Kramer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jack Kramer (tennis player) (John Albert Kramer) (1921–), American champion tennis player
		Josef Kramer (1906–1945), German commander of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
		Kenny Kramer (contemporary), real-life model for the character of Cosmo Kramer in the sitcom Seinfeld
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kramer (381 words)

	The Belsen Trial - The trail of Commandant Josef Kramer and 44 others (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Commandant Josef Kramer was arrested on April 15, 1945, the same day that British Army troops entered the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp and the adjacent German Army Training Center, after a cease-fire agreement had been voluntarily negotiated by the German Army in order to allow the British to take control of the camp.
		Over this disposal, Kramer had no authority, and his real position should be compared with that of a Commanding Officer of a transit camp, whose responsibility was confined to the administration of the people inside the camp until a posting order was received.
		Kramer admitted that he often, in the course of duty, stopped and watched the selections, and he denied categorically that he himself made the selections, and he also denied that on behalf of his S.S. staff.
	www.scrapbookpages.com /BergenBelsen/BergenBelsen09.html (5714 words)

	Bergen-Belsen: overview
		On December 2nd, 1944, Haas was replaced by SS-Hauptsturmführer Josef Kramer, who had been working in concentration camps since 1934.
		Josef Kramer`s most recent assignment had been at the death camp Auschwitz-Birkenau.
		To solve the problem of the epidemic of diarrhea in the camp, Kramer starved the prisoners.
	www.history.ucsb.edu /faculty/marcuse/classes/33d/projects/naziwomen/bergen.htm (491 words)

	Bergen-Belsen
		Commandant Josef Kramer quarantined the camp in an effort to save lives, but SS camp administration headquarters in Berlin insisted that Belsen be kept open to receive still more Jewish evacuees arriving from the East.
		Kramer's clear conscience is also suggested by the fact that he made no effort to save his life by fleeing, but instead calmly awaited the approaching British forces, naively confident of decent treatment.
		Commandant Kramer, who was vilified in the British and American press as "The Beast of Belsen" and "The Monster of Belsen," was put on trial and then executed, along with chief physician Dr. Fritz Klein and other camp officials.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v15/v15n3p23_Weber.html (4869 words)

	The Belsen Trial. Trial of Joseph Kramer and 44 Others. Part V. Law-Reports of Trials of War Criminals. United Nations ...
		She asked Kramer to require fewer roll-calls, and he said that there should only be two roll-calls per week.
		She gave Overseers under her orders to beat prisoners in order to keep discipline and to prevent stealing in the camp of which she was in charge, but she was not authorised to do this.
		Josef Klippel, a Yugoslav of German descent, said that he arrived at the Bergen-Belsen Wehrmacht barracks at.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /WCC/belsen5.htm (5504 words)

	Excerpts from The Belsen Trial (1/5)
		So far as one knows, Belsen was originally a small camp, a transit camp, but at the end of November of last year Josef Kramer, who had been in the concentration camp service throughout the period of Nazi ascendancy, having joined as a volunteer in 1932, was called to Berlin.
		Kramer says he did everything he could to try to provide food for these poor people, to try and provide water for them and to see to their health and well-being.
		Kramer will tell you that the reason he could not get food was because it came from Celle and Hanover, but it in fact came from the Wehrmacht Camp.
	www.vex.net /~nizkor/hweb/camps/bergen-belsen/belsen-trial-01.html (576 words)

	Belsen Camp History
		The trial of Josef Kramer and 44 other former guards begins.
		The trail of Josef Kramer and 44 other former guards ends.
		Josef Kramer and 10 others are sentenced to death by hanging.
	www.stephen-stratford.co.uk /camp_history.htm (921 words)

	The Mazal Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Kramer was in the farthest cell, and when the door was unlocked he came out stiffly and began to walk down the corridor.
		O'Neil asked him in German 'Are you Josef Kramer?' and the man said 'Yes.' 'Age?' 'Thirty-nine.' This was immediately translated to me. 'Religion?' I was busy making a note about his physique, and always regretted that I did not ask for a translation of how he answered that question.
		Kramer stepped on to the scales, had his height taken, and was sent back to his cell.
	www.mazal.org /archive/PIERRE/Pierre147.htm (379 words)

	The New American - Auschwitz-Birkenau: Slaughterhouses of the "Final Solution" - November 9, 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In a court of law, it is difficult to find more convincing proof than a confession, and the confession of SS officer Josef Kramer — who was in charge of the gas chambers and crematoria at Auschwitz-Birkenau — is particularly compelling.
		Kramer was first assigned to Auschwitz as an aide-de-camp to commandant Rudolf Hoess in 1940.
		Although Kramer testified that he had personally forced people into gas chambers, and listened outside as they asphyxiated, he claimed not to know whether the chambers were part of a project "to try and exterminate the Jewish race and all the intelligent people of Poland....
	www.thenewamerican.com /tna/1998/vo14no23/vo14no23_auschwitz.htm (969 words)

	[No title]
		Il est probable que Kramer se souciait peu de la vie de juifs ou de condamnés; cependant, on si on voulait excuser les décès de Bergen-Belsen par une imbécillité supposée de Kramer ou par son incompétence; c'est impossible pour le gazage du Struthof qui est incontestablement une attitude volontaire.
		It should be noted that on the 4th photograph showing extracts from the record of evidence of the 26 July 1945, the signatures and the interrogation of J. Kramer have been superimposed.
		[Josef Kramer is wrong about time intervals between successive groups, including arrival, residence in the camp and gassing, of the convoys; even though the arrivals and the gassings were probably both staggered over time, the future victims were all gathered in Struthof at the beginning of the week 7-14 August 1943.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/mbilik/strut4.htm (2667 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Beast of Belsen and his lover in Nuremberg exhibit
		We say in the following article that Josef Kramer and Irma Grese were hanged after being convicted at the Nuremberg trials of mass atrocities.
		Kramer and Grese were not tried at Nuremberg, but by a British military court in Lüneburg in 1945.
		The couple, Josef Kramer, nicknamed the Beast of Belsen, and Irma Grese, 25, in charge of death cells at the Nazi concentration camp, were seen in photographs digitised by the Imperial War Museum.
	www.guardian.co.uk /secondworldwar/story/0,14058,1647252,00.html?gusrc=rss (794 words)

	Bergen-Belsen
		But the second commandant, SS-Hauptsturmführer Josef Kramer, nicknamed the Beast of Belsen, completed the transformation of Bergen-Belsen into a regular concentration camp.
		Josef Kramer's most recent assignment had been at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
		By 1945 thousands of prisoners who had become too weak to work were shipped there, to die off slowly by starvation and typhoid.
	www.deathcamps.info /new_page_5.htm (166 words)

	Planet Field Hockey.com - Goalkeeper Kramer the odd man out in Holland squad
		KUALA LUMPUR: Goalkeeper Josef Kramer is the odd man out among the seasoned campaigners in the Dutch hockey team for the six-nation tournament, which begins at the National Hockey Stadium in Bukit Jalil here on Friday.
		Coach Joost Bellart said yesterday that although the 24-year-old Kramer was short on international experience, they still had faith in his ability.
		Kramer, who plays for the Oranje Zwart club, said that he would do his best to prove his worth in the team in the six-nation meet.
	www.planetfieldhockey.com /PFH/Item-View-3407 (396 words)

	Belsen Trial Defendents
		Josef Kramer, in the front row, wears number 1.
		Fritz Klein, who is seated next to Kramer, wears number 2.
		Josef Kramer and some of the other defendants.
	www.stephen-stratford.co.uk /belsen_defendents.htm (175 words)

	The Belsen Trial. Trial of Joseph Kramer and 44 Others. Part I. Law-Reports of Trials of War Criminals. United Nations ...
		Josef Kramer and forty-four others were alleged to have been either full members of the staff of Belsen or Auschwitz
		Individual atrocities committed by individual persons were put forward to show that they were taking part in and acquiescing in the system which a group were carrying on.
		They were a unit acting in common, under a commanding officer, Kramer, who was the Kommandant of that camp.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /WCC/belsen1.htm (2742 words)

	Arthur R. Butz: The Hoax of the Twentieth Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Josef Kramer's two statements, as they appear in Phillips, ed., Trial of Josef Kramer:
		He said to me: 'Kramer, you are going to Belsen as Kommandant.
		At Belsen there are, at the moment, a lot of Jewish prisoners who will eventually be exchanged.' It was later, when I was in Belsen, that I learned that these Jewish prisoners were being exchanged against German nationals abroad.
	www.solargeneral.com /library/hoax/16.html (10740 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - The beautiful Beast.
		Woman though she was, Irma Grese upheld the honour and tradition of the SS to the last, as much as any decorated veteran of Stalingrad or Kursk ever did.
		At the time of the handover of Bergen-Belsen camp to British forces, and at the subsequent trial of camp staff, Grese seems to have captured the public imagination because of her appearance and her evident sexuality.
		Photos were taken of her side by side with Kramer, as if she had somehow held a position of power equal to his, and was in some way his partner.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=568 (3681 words)

	martinls328 / Personal WBS Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He began a career within the SS Concentration Caps in 1934, serving first at Natzweiler and later at Auschwitz.
		In November 1944, Kramer was transferred to Belsen in northwest Germany.
		Kramer was tried and found guilty of war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials.
	www.mega.nu:8080 /ampp/martinls/martinls328.html (105 words)

	Excerpts from The Belsen Trial (3/5)
		Josef Kramer is questioned by his defense council, Major Winwood (pp.
		Kramer is questioned by the Judge Advocate (p.
		Rosina Kramer, the wife of Joseph Kramer (p.
	www.nizkor.org /hweb/camps/bergen-belsen/belsen-trial-03.html (1341 words)

	Axis History Factbook: Belsen Trial
		Josef Kramer : The Death Sentence (Executed on the 13th December 1945)
		The commandant, Josef Kramer, and fourty-four others were tried by a British war crimes court at Luneburg, from the 17th August 1945 to the 17th November 1945.
		Thirty of the accused were found guilty, of these, twelve were sentenced to death and hanged, Nineteen to various terms of imprisonment.
	www.axishistory.com /index.php?id=317 (273 words)

	irma grese \| biography (1923-1945)
		The conditions found there “were to astonish and to horrify the world a day or so later.
		The Kommandant of Bergen-Belsen, Josef Kramer, along with forty-four others, was indicted before a British Military Court, under Royal Warrant of 14th June, 1945.
		After Kramer, Grese was the most notorious defendant in the “Belsen Trial,” held between 17th September and 17th November, 1945.
	www.leninimports.com /irma_grese.html (447 words)

	The gate of Hell
		As the four SAS men stood looking at this pitiful and horrifying sight, they were approached by Josef Kramer, the camp commandant, and a woman in a dark blue uniform.
		We pushed open the door of one of the huts and were overpowered by the stench.
		Then Tonkin ordered Kramer and Grese into the guardroom, and said, "We are now in charge, not you, and any guard who attempts to treat a prisoner with brutality will be punished."
	www.papillonsartpalace.com /gateof.htm (1112 words)

	Bergen-Belsen
		In early 1944, Haas was replaced by SS-Hauptsturmführer Josef Kramer who had been working in concentration camps since 1934.
		Between April 11 and 14, 1945, two thousand prisoners had to drag the dead to huge mass graves...
		Captured by the British after liberation, SS Hauptsturmführer Josef Kramer was arrested, tried, and later executed.
	home8.inet.tele.dk /aaaa/Bergenbelsen.htm (897 words)

	Juana Bormann and the Big Bad Wolf Hound
		The Commandant of the camp was Josef Kramer, former Commandant of Birkenau, who remained behind in accordance with the conditions of the truce.
		The camp staff, which had mainly served with Kramer, had volunteered to stay behind to administer the camp.
		The Allies broke the truce, and after an "trial", killed, hung, or imprisoned the SS personnel and their auxiliaries.
	www.cwporter.com /juana.htm (1242 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - Problematic testimony of Dr. Bendel
		(1) Josef Kramer, commandant of concentration camp (Konzentrationslager - KL) Belsen and 44 other defendants were put on trial by a British military tribunal in 1945.
		Although the proceedings were termed "the Belsen trial", the charges also involved war crimes committed by some of the defendants when they served at KL Auschwitz.
		In particular, Mattagno made a number of statements, in each case footnoting to The Trial of Josef Kramer and Forty-Four Others ("The Belsen Trial"), William Hodge and Co., London-Edinburgh-Glasgow: 1949.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=42672 (1878 words)

	Irma Grese
		Known as the "Belle of Auschwitz", "Angel of Death" and "Blond Angel of Hell" she was in charge of 18,000 female prisoners at the camp.
		Later she moved to Belsen where she worked under Josef Kramer.
		She was said to have had love affairs with Kramer and Josef Mengele, the camp physician.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /GERgrese.htm (133 words)

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