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Topic: Joseph Emanuel of Portugal

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	Portugal - LoveToKnow 1911
		The climate of Portugal is equable and temperate.
		Six-sevenths of the population of continental Portugal inhabit the provinces north of the Tagus.
		In 1095 Portugal was an obscure border fief of the kingdom of Leon.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Portugal (15862 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Portugal
		Portugal is situated on the west of the Iberian Peninsula, being bounded on the north and east by Spain and on the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean.
		King Emanuel and his son, John III, were great builders; the former erected the Hieronymite church and monastery at Belem, to commemorate Vasco da Gama's discovery, and the later made great additions to the superb convent of Christ at Tomar.
		As a result of the encyclicals of Leo XIII on Christian democracy, the movement for the establishment of Catholic circles for workingmen was inaugurated in Portugal, and these mutual-aid societies existed in the principal centres of population, furnished education to the workmen and their children, and kept them together by conferences, concerts, and excursions.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12297a.htm (9947 words)

	Brazil - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Recognizing the importance of Brazil to the economic well-being of Portugal, Pombal tried to improve the efficiency of the Brazilian economy and administration and to lessen tensions between colonists and their Portuguese rulers.
		The connection between Portugal and Brazil was severed when Napoleon I and his armies invaded Portugal and Spain in 1807 and 1808.
		Portugal’s prince regent, the future King John VI, arrived in Brazil in early 1808 and for the next 13 years ruled Portugal’s Asian, African, and American colonies from Rio de Janeiro.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761554342___45/Brazil.html (10340 words)

	Portugal - ninemsn Encarta
		The annexation of Portugal to the Spanish Habsburg monarchy subjected it to the heavy expenses of Spanish wars in a period known as the Sixty Years’ Captivity.
		During the reign of Joseph Emanuel (1750-1777), the kingdom was controlled by the Chief-Minister, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, Marquês de Pombal, considered one of the greatest statesmen in modern Portuguese history.
		Pombal was dismissed, however, at the accession of Joseph Emanuel’s daughter Maria I in 1777.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558260_9/Portugal.html (948 words)

	Portugal
		Diniz's reign was notable for the termination of the wars between Portugal and the united kingdoms of Leon and Castile, achieved by marriage, and for encouragement of Portuguese agriculture, trade, and arts.
		Emanuel made his court a center of the arts and sciences and issued a code of laws that bears his name.
		During the reign (1750-77) of Joseph Emanuel, the kingdom was controlled by the chief-minister, Sebastiao Jose de Carvalho e Mello, marques de Pombal, considered one of the greatest statesmen in modern Portuguese history.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/portugal.htm (7374 words)

	Joseph I (of Portugal) - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Joseph I (of Portugal) (Portuguese, José I) (1714-1777), King of Portugal and the Algarve (1750-1777), the second son of John V. He took little...
		During the reign of Joseph Emanuel (1750-1777), the kingdom was controlled by the Chief-Minister, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, Marquês de...
		Braganza (Port., Bragança), name of the former royal family of Portugal and Brazil, and of the ducal house from which the family was descended.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Joseph_I_(of_Portugal).html (120 words)

	Portugal
		Portugal, republic in southwestern Europe, situated in the western portion of the Iberian Peninsula, bounded on the north and east by Spain and on the south and west by the Atlantic Ocean.
		The frontiers of Portugal are defined by mountains and rivers, and the interior is largely mountainous.
		Portugal was recognized as independent by the pope in 1179.
	home.hetnet.nl /~kelvin03/portugal.html (4122 words)

	Henry the Navigator
		Henry the Navigator (13941460), prince of Portugal, noted as the patron of navigation and exploration, born in Oporto.
		In 997 the territory between the Douro and Minho rivers (now northern Portugal) was retaken from the Moors by Bermudo II, king of León, and in 1064 the reconquest was completed as far south as presentday Coimbra by Ferdinand I, king of Castile and León.
		During the reign (175077) of Joseph Emanuel, the kingdom was controlled by the chiefminister, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, marquês de Pombal, considered one of the greatest statesmen in modern Portuguese history.
	www.blackstudies.ucsb.edu /antillians/henry.html (1893 words)

	European royalty -- Portuguese monarchs
		Portugal was born from this struggle to reconquer Iberia from the Moors.
		Portugal desperately needed strong leadership to continue to fight off the ambitious Castilian king, and in 1385 the Portuguese Cortes proclaimed the 28-year-old Master of Avis as King João I. He was known "Of Good Memory".
		Duarte Nuno, Infante of Portugal, Duke of Braganca was born in 1907.
	histclo.com /royal/por/royal-porm.htm (2556 words)

	Portuugal History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the reign (1750-77) of Joseph Emanuel, the kingdom was controlled by the chief-minister, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello, marquês de Pombal, considered one of the greatest statesmen in modern Portuguese history.
		Pombal was dismissed, however, at the accession of Joseph Emanuel's daughter Maria I (1734-1816) in 1777.
		In Portugal, meanwhile, Pedro's brother, Dom Miguel (1802-66), appealed to the supporters of absolute monarchy to overthrow the constitutionalists, and an insurrection led by the prince almost succeeded on April 30, 1824.
	members.tripod.com /~Alhea/history.html (3214 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Blessed Joseph Anchieta
		He and the Jesuit Emanuel Nóbrega arrived at Piratininga on the feast of Saint Paul and so named the mission Sao Paulo.
		Joseph was later held hostage for five months by the Tamoyo tribe during which time he occupied himself by composing a Latin poem in honor of the Blessed Virgin.
		Joseph converted the Maramomis tribe, and composed plays for his students to perform, writing them in Latin, Spanish, Portuguese, and Tupi.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintj79.htm (292 words)

	NEW TRAVEL AGE - Directory - Guide in Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Her son and successor, Joseph II, was typical of the Enlightenment's absolute monarchs and continued in her reforming spirit.
		By the time Joseph died in 1790, there were 300 factories in Vienna, the population had increased to 235,000, and the built-up area had increased 10-fold since the Turkish siege.
		Joseph Lanner and the elder Johann Strauss enlivened the city with Viennese waltzes.
	www.newtravelage.com /info/europe/austria/history/vienna.htm (1224 words)

	History of Brazil
		With the successful revolt in Portugal against Spanish overlordship in 1640, Brazil reverted to Portuguese sovereignty and was made a viceroyalty.
		The economic expansion of the viceroyalty was further stimulated by the discovery of diamonds in 1721 and, later, by the development of the coffee- and sugar-growing industries.
		John VI Prince John made Rio de Janeiro the seat of the royal government of Portugal and decreed a series of reforms and improvements for Brazil, among them the removal of restrictions on commerce, the institution of measures beneficial to agriculture and industry, and the creation of schools of higher learning.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/HISTOR~6.htm (4390 words)

	Portugal FAMOUS PORTUGUESE
		During Portugal's golden age, the 15th and 16th centuries, the small Portuguese nation built an overseas empire that stretched halfway around the globe.
		Among the leaders in overseas exploration were Bartholomeu Dias (1450?–1500), the first European to round the Cape of Good Hope; Vasco da Gama (1469–1524), who reached India and founded Portuguese India in 1498; and Pedro Alvares Cabral (1460?–1526), who took possession of Brazil for Portugal in 1500.
		Afonso de Albuquerque (1453–1515) was foremost among the builders of Portugal's Far Eastern empire.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/Portugal-FAMOUS-PORTUGUESE.html (270 words)

	The Periphery of Francia: Spain, Britain, Eastern Europe, & Scandinavia
		Portugal, which began as a county of León, was the only kingdom to ultimately maintain its independence of the rest of Spain.
		When Portugal revolted and became independent again in 1640, the rest of the Kingdom simply continued, down to the present, under the common name.
		With these, France became the country to beat in European wars and Spain was far gone in a decline not unlike that of her erstwhile great religious enemy, Ottoman Turkey.
	www.friesian.com /perifran.htm (11546 words)

	action.gif
		The newly found territory fell within the region assigned to Portugal by the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), a Spanish-Portuguese agreement that modified the Line of Demarcation promulgated in 1493 by Pope Alexander VI.
		In 1750 the Treaty of Madrid between Spain and Portugal confirmed Brazilian claims to a vast region west of the limits promulgated in the Treaty of Tordesillas (see Demarcation, Line of).
		Prince John made Rio de Janeiro the seat of the royal government of Portugal and decreed a series of reforms and improvements for Brazil, among them the removal of restrictions on commerce, the institution of measures beneficial to agriculture and industry, and the creation of schools of higher learning.
	www.sossego-surfcamp.com /english/pages/bresil.htm (3857 words)

	Portuguese Voters of 1872 in California
		The following is a listing of the 1,155 California citizens on the rolls of the various California counties in the year 1872 who were born in Portugal or Portuguese territories.
		This list represents less than a 2% subset of a database of 61,691 citizens found on these rolls in that year who were of foreign-birth.
		Since Brazil was originally a colony of Portugal and so many Portuguese natives settled there, it was decided to include them on this list, though not all from Brazil are of Portuguese descent.
	www.dholmes.com /voters.html (591 words)

	II. Nehemiah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Joseph Burke Sylvest was born June 14, 1901 and died Jan. 23, 1965 at Montgomery, Alabama.
		She is the namesake of her own grandmother back in Portugal or an Aunt as legend has it.
		I was born and raised in this and Tangipahoa Parishes.
	members.tripod.com /rua_sylvest/id9.html (13440 words)

	Kronologi for en del portugisiske regenter
		Portugal was a county from 1095 to 1139.
		From 1910 Portugal has been a republic, from 1933 to 1974 governed by a dictator.
		Joseph; * 1761; † 1786 or 1788; Prince of Brazil;
	www.jmarcussen.dk /historie/reference/portugal.html (2810 words)

	History of Art: Baroque and Rococo
		In 1689 Leopold Iappointed him to teach his elder son, Joseph, perspective and the theory and history of architecture.
		When his second imperial patron, Joseph I, died in 1711, Fischer's position as the principal architect at the Viennese court was no longer uncontested.
		Joseph Emanuel also completed the Imperial Stables (1719–23) and built, according to his father'sdesigns, the Imperial Library (designed 1716, built 1723–37), the interior of which was the most imposing library hall of its time.
	www.all-art.org /history294-2.html (16919 words)

	[No title]
		It is the hard sea-shell of Portugal adopted by a soft river octopus of Rhine.
		I wonder how the last males met their deaths.’ ‘A grandson of Duke John became John IV, king of Portugal, on the liberation of that country from Spain in 1640.’ ‘Eighty years Portugal was under Spanish rule after the main line from King John ended.
		Successive generations were the descendants of Pedro: John V; Joseph Emanuel; Maria I, who married her uncle, known thereafter as Pedro III; and John VI.
	www.geocities.com /touxxaint1/book5.txt (19901 words)

	1872 Foreign-Born Voters of California - Jordan, Michael ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Joseph, Antoine No. 3......41 in 1871......born in Portugal......28194
		Joseph, Antonio No. 1......32 in 1866......born in Portugal......28200
		Joseph, Antonio No. 2......28 in 1867......born in Portugal......28201
	cefha.org /usa/ca/fbvca/fbv-79.html (289 words)

	Lisbon, 1755: The Earth Shook
		This had the beneficial effect of freeing the schools from Church control, and Portugal became the first country in Europe to build a secular education system.
		However, in 1777, King Joseph Emanuel dismissed his chief minister, restored the power of the nobility and the church and reversed Pombal’s industrial policies.
		As modernizing autocrats found their way blocked by the absolutist monarchies and decaying aristocracies of Europe, the intellectual ferment that became known as the Enlightenment began to flow outside official channels.
	www.internationalist.org /lisbon1755.html (921 words)

	Brazil brazil.htm
		The newly found territory fell within the region assigned to Portugal by the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), a Spanish-Portuguese agreement that modified the Line of Demarcation promulgated in 1493 by Pope Alexander VI (see DEMARCATION, LINE OF).
		He freed the Native American slaves, encouraged immigration, reduced taxes, eased the royal monopoly in Brazilian foreign commerce, centralized the governmental apparatus, and transferred the seat of government from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro in 1763.
		The Portuguese regent, Prince John, and most of his court embarked from Lisbon shortly before the arrival of the French army and sailed for Brazil (see JOHN VI).
	www.natlaw.com /pubs/spbrcs1.htm (8166 words)

	Americas--Posting of Countries - Alternate History Discussion Board
		In 1640 Portugal revolted against Spain, restored its independence and the Duke of BragÃ¢nÃ§a was proclaimed King and inmediatly began to prepare themselves to recover their lost colonies.
		The economic expansion of the viceroyalty was further stimulated by the discovery of diamonds in 1721 and New Hollandâs one by the development of sugar-growing industries.
		He made Rio de Janeiro the seat of the royal government of Portugal and decreed a series of reforms and improvements for Brazil, among them the removal of restrictions on commerce, the institution of measures beneficial to agriculture and industry, and the creation of schools of higher learning.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?t=6104 (7358 words)

	Rulers of Portugal
		Also known as Afonso Henriques, he fought the Saracens, extending his rule down into southern Portugal.
		João VI Son of Queen Maria I of Portugal.
		In 1792, after Maria became insane, João ruled in her name; in 1799 he formally became regent.
	www.geocities.com /dperlov2000/r_portugal.html (556 words)

	ME1940 Nations - Alternate History Discussion Board
		Duarte Nuno, Infante of Portugal, Duke of Braganca (1907).
		With the successful revolt in Portugal against Spanish over lordship in 1640, Cameroon reverted to Portuguese sovereignty and was made a vice royalty.
		King João VI of Portugal, Emperor of Cameroon (1763] and his heir--Pedro IV of Portugal (Pedro I, Duke of Braganza) (1791] Were forced to flee Lisbon when it fell to the Spanish, He established the Portuguese Royal Court in Fort Lisbon.
	www.alternatehistory.com /Discussion/showthread.php?t=21668 (8134 words)

	E - Information about Everything and Everybody (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Biography of Edward of Portugal - (1433-1438), Portuguese monarch
		Biography of Joseph von Eichendorff - (1788-1857), poet
		Biography of Joseph Emanuel of Portugal - (1750-1777), King
	e.qardinalinfo.com /e1.html (1923 words)

	Amazon.com: "most faithful majesty": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		27: 460639 a PrC in a clerk's hand of a "Draught of a Treaty of Amity and Commerce between her most faithful Majesty the Queen of Portugal and the Algarves,...
		Intended to kill him: Allusion to the attempted assassination of King Joseph Emanuel...
		the condition of Brazil and almost inverted its relations with Portugal so as to make, during the residence of His Most Faithful Majesty in Brazil, the mother country in fact a Dependency.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/most-faithful-majesty (548 words)

	Information following: "Brazil," (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Landing near the site of present-day Recife on January 26, 1500, he subsequently drifted northward as far as the mouth
		r and premier Marquęs de Pombal instituted many reforms in Brazil during the reign of Portugal's King Joseph Emanuel.
		He freed the Native American slaves, encouraged immigration, reduced taxes, eased the royal monopoly in Brazilian foreign commerce, centr
	republika.pl /sdsmissio/infobrazil.htm (8747 words)

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