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	::Marshal Joseph Joffre::
		Joffre was born in 1852 at Rivesaltes in the eastern Pyrenees.
		Joffre was given the credit for stopping the German advance on Paris and in stemming this advance at the Battle of the Marne.
		Joffre gained a reputation for not panicking in difficult situations and despite all the horrors that the French soldiers endured in the trenches and at battles like Verdun, he was nicknamed "Grandpère" by the soldiers.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /marshal_joseph_joffre.htm (524 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Joseph Joffre
		Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre (January 12, 1852 - January 3, 1931) was a Catalan French general who became prominent in the battles of World War I.
		Joffre was selected to command despite never having commanded an Army, even on paper; being slow-witted; and "having no knowledge whatever of General Staff work".
		Joffre helped to retrieve the situation through retreat and counterattack at the First Battle of the Marne.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Joseph_Joffre (406 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Chief Joseph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On his father's death in 1871, Joseph became leader of one of the groups that refused to leave the land ceded to the United States by the fraudulently obtained treaty of 1863.
		Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, 1852-1931, marshal of France.
		Protector of the Nez Perce: chief Joseph of the Nez Perce tribe excelled as a military strategist, courageously fought as a warrior, and valiantly protected those entrusted to his care.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Chief+Joseph&StartAt=31 (683 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Joseph Joffre
		Joseph Jacques Cesaire Joffre (1852-1931) was born on 12 January 1852 in Rivesaltes in the Eastern Pyrenees.
		In this capacity Joffre was responsible for the development of the deeply flawed Plan XVII blueprint for the invasion of Germany, which did not take account of the likelihood of a German invasion of France through Belgium.
		Subsequently reduced to a ceremonial role, Joffre served in 1917 as head of the French military mission to the U.S. and as president of the Supreme War Council in 1918, retiring from military and public life thereafter.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/joffre.htm (347 words)

	France at War - French Strategy and Doctrine: 1914
		For Joffre, as well as the other proponents of the new doctrine, the "supreme weapon" of the infantry was the bayonet and the mission of the infantry was "glorious above all." France's confidence in the bayonet even extended to the Conseil Superieur de la Guerre adopting a bayonet for the cavalry in February 1912.
		Joffre's faith in the offensive is evident not only in the numerous attacks he launched from 1914 to 1916 but also in his halfhearted support for the development of heavy artillery before the war.
		Joffre's reluctance to share his concept of operations with not only his political superiors but also his subordinates or to commit himself to a course of action prior to the war became apparent in a meeting with his army commanders in early August 1914.
	www.worldwar1.com /france/jpff1914.htm (1909 words)

	Joseph Joffre Summary
		In 1911, amidst the outcry after the second Moroccan crisis for unity of military command, Joffre was appointed to the combined functions of vice president of the Higher Council of War and chief of the general staff of the army.
		Joffre believed that victory depended on preparedness and that national resources, brain power, and moral energy had to be oriented and organized in advance toward victory.
		Joffre remained in Paris as technical adviser to the government and was given the title of marshal of France.
	www.bookrags.com /Joseph_Joffre (768 words)

	The Generals Of 1914
		Joffre had been appointed to the post after his predecessor General Michel had been dismissed for criticizing Plan XVII and calling for the reorganization of the French Army, which made him very unpopular in the war council.
		Joffre was a compromise, a colonial officer and an engineer not a corps from which generals are frequently chosen.
		Joffre seemed an unlikely commander to entrust with such a whirlwind enterprise.He was deliberate and cautious, still he clearly possessed nerve-this might turn the trick.
	computasaur.tripod.com /ww1/id8.html (965 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Joseph Joffre on the First Battle of Ypres, October-November 1914
		Reproduced below is the text of French Army Commander-in-Chief Joseph Joffre's report on the events before and during the First Battle of Ypres, launched by the German Army during October and November 1914.
		In Joffre's view the battle was launched primarily to support German military operations against the coast.
		Joffre however is less inclined to dwell however on the great losses also incurred by Allied forces during the battle.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/1stypres_joffre.htm (1666 words)

	JOFFRE, JOSEPH JACQUES CéSAIRE. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He deserves partial credit for the victory of the Marne (1914) in which he took advantage of an opportunity to counterattack.
		After the Germans nearly captured Verdun (1916) Joffre was made chief military adviser to the government, a powerless post from which he soon resigned.
		Joffre later served as chairman of the Allied War Council.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/jo/Joffre-J.html (116 words)

	Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		The French marshal Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre (1852-1931) was supreme commander of French armies in World War I until the end of 1916.
		At the beginning of World War I, Joffre assumed command of all French armies, and on Dec. 2, 1915, this was reconfirmed by granting him the title of commander in chief.
		France hailed Joffre as a hero after his victory in the Battle of the Marne in September 1914, but disillusionment with the failures of 1915 encouraged attacks by Joffre's rivals and enemies.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/joseph-jacques-cesaire-joffre (489 words)

	Joseph Joffre
		Efter sin hjemkomst avancerede Joffre efterhånden gennem de forskellige grader til divisionsgeneral 1905, blev 1910 medlem af Conseil supérieur de la guerre og endelig 1911 chef for den franske generalstab, hvormed han designeredes til overgeneral i krig.
		Hans navn vil til sene tider være knyttet til Marneslaget, der takket være Joffres personlige ro og ligevægt og stærke karakter blev indledt netop i det rette øjeblik — og som det synes på trods af den i staben rådende opfattelse.
		Joffre blev teknisk rådgiver for den nye fransk krigskomité, der bestod af ministerpræsident Briand, krigsminister Liautey, admiral Lacaze, arbejdsminister Thomas og finansminister Ribot.
	www.futura-dtp.dk /SLAG/Personer/NavneJ/JoffreJoseph.htm (310 words)

	Peaks of the Canadian Rockies
		Joffre, Marshal Joseph Jaques Cesaire (Marshall Joffre was appointed Commander-in-Chief of all French armies from December 1915 until December 1916.) WW I Official name.
		At 3450 metres, it is the highest mountains between Mount Assiniboine and the U.S. border and its northern slopes are draped with the Mangin Glacier, the southernmost significant accumulation of ice in the Rockies.
		General Marshall Joseph Joffre was credited with the French victory at the Battle of the Marne which halted the German advances at the beginning of the First World War.
	www.peakfinder.com /showpeakbyid.asp?MtnId=496 (459 words)

	Joffre -- Monday, Jan. 05, 1931 -- Page 1 -- TIME
		In 1870 Joffre took a student's furlough from the École Polytechnique to fight in the defense of Paris, unsuccessfully.
		As the German armies advanced, Joffre tried to outflank their right (seaward) wing, they tried to outflank his left (seaward) wing and the two flanking operations (both perfectly sound) became "the race to the sea." Nobody won the race.
		Enemies of "Papa" Joffre say with cutting sarcasm that, "his greatest attribute as a commander was calm." Calmly he flung this division to certain death, calmly he learned that another had broken through, calmly he received the best news and the worst.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,930221-1,00.html (820 words)

	The Baldwin Project: Boy's Book of Famous Soldiers by J. Walker McSpadden
		Mamma Joffre had not forgotten the Cæsar in her oldest son's name; and in a family conclave it was decided that he should be sent to Paris, to try for the entrance examinations in the École Polytechnique.
		Joseph Joffre entered this famous military training school in 1869, at the age of seventeen.
		Joffre was employed upon them at Paris, Versailles, Montpellier, and even in faraway Brittany—until he was disposed to grumble at his fate.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=mcspadden&book=soldiers&story=joffre (3436 words)

	August 1914 Chronology - The 1st Battle of the Marne
		Joffre forcefully confronts the vacillating Sir John French, and exclaims “…the honor of England is at stake!”; with tears in his eyes, Sir John finally agrees to cooperate in a counteroffensive [200.PM]
		Joffre’s General Instructions #7 are sent [afternoon]: French 6th Army is to redirect its attack against German 1st Army’s northern flank, while the BEF and the left wing of the French 5th Army are to push north
		Joffre issues Special Number Order 19 [700.PM], changing the his main effort from his far left to the Marne: 6th Army is ordered to hold, and the BEF and 5th Army are to advance north to split the German right
	cnparm.home.texas.net /Wars/Marne/Marne05.htm (1357 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In response to the repulse of VII Corps, Joffre sent four additional divisions to form the "Army of Alsace" under the command of retired general Paul Pau.
		Joffre remained dismissive of the threat but on 12 August he allowed Lanrezac to move I Corps west to Dinant on the Meuse.
		For Joffre, the reason for the failure of Plan XVII lay with his subordinates, claiming defeat stemmed from "grand shortcomings on the part of commanders." Any generals, of corps or division, who in Joffre's opinion had failed to perform were ruthlessly sacked.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Battle_of_the_Frontiers (2101 words)

	Leaders and Battles: Marne, First,
		Joseph Joffre, imperturbable in the face of crisis, resolved on 4 September to launch a counter-offensive strike, under the recommendation of the military governor of Paris, Gallieni, and aided by the British under Sir John French (the latter only after prompting by the British war minister, Lord Kitchener).
		Joffre authorised General Maunoury's Sixth Army - comprising 150,000 men - to attack the right flank of the German First Army in an action beginning on the morning of 6 September.
		D'Espery was a recent appointment, Joffre having given him command of Fifth Army in place of the dismissed General Lanrezac, who was deemed too cautious and wanting in 'offensive spirit'.
	www.lbdb.com /TMDisplayBattle.cfm?BID=327 (707 words)

	This Day in History 1914: Joffre gives order to attack at the Marne
		On the evening of September 5, 1914, General Joseph Joffre, commander in chief of the French army during World War I, readies his troops for a renewed offensive against the advancing Germans at the Marne River in northeastern France, set to begin the following morning.
		Army to the northeast of Paris, Joffre was under pressure from Paris’ military governor, General Joseph-Simon Gallieni, to launch a general offensive in support of the attack.
		At a meeting later that afternoon, in French’s headquarters, Joffre pleaded with his British counterpart to authorize his troops to join in the attack, promising that the BEF would be supported on either side by the French 5
	www.history.com /tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=50858 (495 words)

	Joseph Joffre
		Né à Rivesaltes, le 12 janvier 1852, Joseph Joffre s'avéra un élève brillant qui entra à l'Ecole Polytechnique à 17 ans.
		Joffre devenait membre du Conseil supérieur de la Guerre puis nommé en 1911 chef d'état-major de l'armée, futur générallissime en cas de conflit.
		Joffre dressa ensuite une barrière de troupes, après la " Course à la mer ", grâce au général Foch, qui aboutit à fermer la route de Calais, à Dixmude et sur l'Yser, aux côtés des Belges et des Britanniques.
	www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr /joffre.html (477 words)

	Joseph Joffre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Joseph Joffre was born in Rivesaltes in 1852.
		When Joffre was appointed chief of staff in 1911 he purged the army of defensively minded commanders and two years later adopted Plan 17 as the main strategy for defending France from Germany.
		Blamed for the failure to break though on the Western Front and the losses at Verdun, Joffre was replaced by Robert Nivelle in December 1916.
	members.fortunecity.se /mikaelxii/ww1/France/Commander/Joffre.html (197 words)

	French Commander Joseph Joffre - Picture - MSN Encarta
		Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre was the French commander during the first two years of World War I (1914-1918).
		He achieved success at the First Battle of the Marne in September 1914, when the Allies defeated the Germans.
		Known as the Miracle of the Marne, the battle destroyed Germany's plan for a quick victory against France.
	encarta.msn.com /media_681500222_761569981_-1_1/French_Commander_Joseph_Joffre.html (64 words)

	Joseph Joffre: Viele Informationen uber Joseph Joffre an omega.it
		Nach seiner Militärausbildung nahm Joseph Joffre bereits als 18-jähriger 1870/71 am deutsch-französischen Krieg teil.
		In Paris machte er nun sein Offizierspatent und seine nächsten Einsätze waren in Vietnam (1886) und in Timbuktu (1894).
		Da Frankreich immer mit einem Angriff Deutschlands rechnete, veranlasste Joffre den Ausbau strategisch wichtiger Eisenbahnlinien und Fernstraßen, um eine hohe Mobilität der Armee zu erreichen.
	www.omega.it /j/jo/joseph_joffre.html (217 words)

	First_Battle_of_the_Marne - Thagodz Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		French Commander-In-Chief Joseph Joffre persuaded Lord Kitchener to intervene, and Kitchener met personally with Field Marshall French.
		By September 3, Joffre recognized the German armies' tactical error, and quickly made plans to halt the French and British withdrawal and attack the Germans all along the front.
		D'Espery was a recent appointment, Joffre having given him command of the Fifth Army in place of the dismissed General Charles Lanrezac, who was deemed too cautious and wanting in 'offensive spirit'.
	www.thagodz.com /search/wiki/?title=First_Battle_of_the_Marne (1123 words)

	Amazon.com: "Joseph Joffre": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A member of the Supreme War Council, in 1911 Gallieni was instrumental in the appointment of Joseph Joffre (q.v.) as commander in chief.
		This victory allowed General Joseph Joffre, the French chief of staff, to lay down strategic policy according to the predisposi- tions and interests of the people...
		She was the only woman granted a statement by General Joseph Joffre when he visited the United States.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Joseph-Joffre (610 words)

	Biographie: Joseph Joffre, 1852-1931
		Joffre ist an der Eroberung von Timbuktu beteiligt.
		Armee erringt Joffre seinen größten militärischen Erfolg, als er den deutschen Vormarsch in der Schlacht an der Marne zum Stehen bringt.
		November: Joffre wird für die Mißerfolge und hohen Verluste im Stellungskrieg bei Verdun und in der Offensive an der Somme verantwortlich gemacht und als Oberbefehlshaber abgelöst.
	www.dhm.de /lemo/html/biografien/JoffreJoseph/index.html (289 words)

	Schlieffen, Count Alfred von (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Joffre issued an order for an Anglo-French counteroffensive to begin on September 6, but the battle began a day early when troops dispatched from the Paris garrison by taxi ran into the right flank of the westernmost German army (the First).
		As the commander of the First Army pulled his troops west to meet this assault, a gap opened between his forces and those of the Second Army to his left.
		It was into this gap that Joffre sent the French Fifth Army and the British Expeditionary Force.
	www.ham.muohio.edu /~vascikgs/Marne.html (315 words)

	Joseph JOFFRE
		Fils d’un viticulteur aisé, Joseph Joffre effectua ses études secondaires au lycée de Perpignan, puis à Paris au lycée Charlemagne.
		Mais, partisan de la stratégie dite du « grignotage », Joffre, en tant que généralissime, fut cependant comptable du tragique enlisement de nos armées à Verdun, la plus longue et meurtrière bataille de toute l’histoire, et de l’échec de l’offensive de la Somme.
		Le maréchal Joffre fut élu à l’Académie française le 14 février 1918, à l’unanimité des 23 votants, au fauteuil de Jules Claretie.
	academie-francaise.fr /immortels/base/academiciens/fiche.asp?param=525 (591 words)

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