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Topic: Joseph Kasavubu

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	Joseph Mobutu
		Joseph Mobutu (October 14, 1930 - September 7, 1997) was the ruler of Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) from 1965 to 1997.
		The new government was a coalition between prime minister Patrice Lumumba and the president Joseph Kasavubu, they soon started to struggle for overall power - both attempting to dismiss the other from government.
		On September 14, 1960 a coup d'etat overthrew Lumumba in support of Kasavubu, Colonel Mobutu was a key figure in the coup and was rewarded with rapid promotion.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/jo/Joseph_Mobutu.html (568 words)

	Joseph Kasa Vubu Summary
		Joseph Kasavubu was born in the village of Kuma-Dizi in the Mayombe district of Lower Congo.
		Kasavubu's entry into public life in 1946 was sponsored by Jean Bolikango (later his rival for the presidency), who engineered his election as secretary of an alumni association, which position made him an ex officio member of UNISCO (Union des Intérêts Sociaux Congolais), a debating society tied to the Catholic missions.
		Joseph Kasa Vubu (1917–March 24, 1969) was the first President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo for a period of 5 years, (1960–1965).
	www.bookrags.com /Joseph_Kasa_Vubu (1234 words)

	Patrice Lumumba
		A 1960 conference in Belgium agreed to bring independence forward to June 1960 with elections in May. Lumumba and the MNC formed the first government on June 23, 1960, with Lumumba as Prime Minister and Joseph Kasavubu as President.
		In September Lumumba was dismissed from government by Kasavubu, an act of dubious legality.
		United Nations Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold made an appeal to Kasavubu asking that Lumumba be treated according to due process of law.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pa/Patrice_Lumumba.html (713 words)

	Kasavubu Regime Ousted By Army Coup in Congo
		Louis Bobozo, head of the army command in the Katanga provinces, was named to replace General Mobutu as head of the army while General Mobutu assumed the role of President.
		Joseph D. Mobutu assumes the functions of the chief of state.
		Kasavubu had embarked on a policy of "repression and intimidation" to insure his own re-election.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/world/africa/651125kasavubu.html (619 words)

	Joseph Kasavubu - Wikipedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Joseph Kasavubu (Tshela, 1913?-Boma, 24 maart 1969) was de eerste president van de Republiek Congo (Kinshasa).
		Kasavubu, die tot het Bakongo-volk behoorde, ontving onderwijs bij de katholieke missionarissen.
		Kasavubu achtte Patrice Lumumba verantwoordelijk voor de misstanden en zette hem af (5 september 1960).
	nl.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Joseph_Kasavubu (334 words)

	INCORE: Publications and Papers:Conference Reports: The UN in the Congo
		Kasavubu rather in keeping with his stolid but casual style, did not actually tell Lumumba but simply turned up at the radio station, made the announcement and then went home, having taken no special precautions.
		However Kasavubu, because he belonged to the Bakongo people and had political and ethnic support north of the river Congo in the territory of Congo- Brazzaville, was able to command the use of Radio Brazzaville.
		Kasavubu, Lumumba and Tshombe were all tried and, in their different ways, fell short of the requirements.
	lugh.incore.ulst.ac.uk /home/publication/occasional/kyle.html (8010 words)

	Official Web Site of the Permanent Mission of the Democratic Republic of The Congo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Ironically, Belgium sent paratroopers to quell the civil war, and with President Joseph Kasavubu and Premier Patrice Lumumba of the national government in conflict, the United Nations flew in a peacekeeping force.
		Born Joseph Désiré Mobutu, he returned from study in Brussels to the then Belgian Congo, joining the nationalist movement in 1956.
		Joseph Kabila was born on December 4 1971, at Hewa Bora, South Kivu.
	www.un.int /drcongo/history (1054 words)

	Party Formation in the Belgian Congo after World War II
		In 1954, Joseph Kasavubu was elected president of ABAKO, and under his leadership it changed into a political party.
		Kasavubu and the ABAKO leaders decided to hold their own rally a few days later on Sunday, January 4, 1959, and refused to call it off after the government refused permission.
		Answer: Kasavubu was the leader of the first Congolese political party (1954), but it was largely composed of people of Bakongo descent, the "original occupiers" of the land.
	courses.wcupa.edu /jones/his312/misc/cong-pty.htm (1272 words)

	San Diego Metropolitan Magazine - The Reel Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Three of the major players in the struggle for freedom are profiled here: Joseph Kasavubu, Patrice Lumumba and Joseph Mobutu, but this is Lumumba's story.
		Factionalism was rife from the start, and only an uneasy coalition between Joseph Kasavubu and Lumumba averted internecine war.
		Kasavubu became the Congo's first president; Lumumba was named prime minister.
	metro.sandiegometro.com /reel/index.php?reelID=240 (502 words)

	The Economy and Political Economic History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly Zaire
		Joseph Kasavubu was born in 1910 and was of the Ba-Kongo (Kongo tribal grouping).
		Kasavubu was removed from his position as president of the country and Mobutu was made head of state.
		Joseph Kabila, the son of Laurent Kabila, became the head of state as a result of the command he had of the army.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/congo.htm (6213 words)

	zaire
		Mobutu came to power by overthrowing President Joseph Kasavubu in a military coup, just after Congo declared its independence from Belgium.
		In 1991 Mobutu returned power to Kasavubu, but vowed that he would return to the scene if political squabbling continued.
		So it was not a surprise when on November 24, 1966 he ousted a civilian government in another military coup d'état, and assumed absolute executive powers.
	www.catholic.net /RCC/Periodicals/Igpress/CWR/CWR0697/zaire.html (1567 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Opening the Secret Files on Lumumba's Murder
		Hundreds of thousands of dollars and military equipment were channeled to these officials, who informed their CIA paymasters three days in advance of their plan to send Lumumba into the clutches of his worst enemies.
		Moreover, these documents show that the plans and payments were approved by the highest levels of the Eisenhower administration, either the NSC or its "Special Group," consisting of the national security adviser, CIA director, undersecretary of state for political affairs, and deputy defense secretary.
		Kasavubu told security chief Nendaka to transfer Lumumba to one of the secessionist strongholds.
	www.udel.edu /global/agenda/2003/student/readings/CIAlumumba.html (1554 words)

	Lumumba
		It was agreed, however, that the more conciliatory Joseph Kasavubu (Maka Kotto), leader of the Abako party, would assume the presidency and Lumumba would serve as Prime Minister and Minister of Defense.
		Lumumba's fiery speech at the swearing in ceremonies left no doubt that Congolese independence was due strictly to the desire and perseverance of free-minded citizens, ready to govern themselves, and not due to the benevolence of the white Belgians relinquishing control.
		Lumumba was ousted by Kasavubu yet both claimed leadership of the legal government.
	www.reelmoviecritic.com /2002/id1735.htm (710 words)

	Africa'sHope.com - History: Independence
		With President Joseph Kasavubu and Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba at odds, Belgian troops returned - this time under the auspices of the United Nations - to quell the war.
		Kasavubu led an army coup later that same year, dismissed Lumumba from his position, and handed him over to the Katangan forces.
		Soon after, Tshombe agreed to end Katanga's secession, and he was appointed prime minister by President Kasavubu in an effort to prevent another rebellion.
	www.africashope.com /history_Independence.htm (169 words)

	Coalition Cabinet Formed in Congo
		By the compromise, members of M. Kasavubu's party will be in the Cabinet that M. Lumumba will head as Premier and Defense Minister when the Belgian Congo becomes independent June 30.
		The strike situation was so threatening in the early evening that the Security Command deployed troops in the native quarter and along lines bordering the European part of the city.
		Kasavubu received the task of forming a Government last week but M. Lumumba replaced M. Kasavubu Tuesday night after M. Lumumba won the first test of voting strength in the House of Representatives.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/world/africa/600624cabinet.html (402 words)

	Political Environment - Kinshasa, Congo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Parliamentary elections in 1960 produced Patrice Lumumba as prime minister and Joseph Kasavubu as president of the renamed Democratic Republic of the Congo.
		Joseph Kabila reversed many of his father’s negative policies; over the next year, MONUC deployed throughout the country and the Inter-Congolese Dialogue proceeded.
		In government-controlled territory, President Joseph Kabila has made significant progress in liberalizing domestic political activity, supporting the Lusaka peace process, and undertaking economic reforms in cooperation with the World Bank and IMF.
	kinshasa.usembassy.gov /political_environment.html (1778 words)

	A Moment In Time with Dan Roberts
		His great rival was President Joseph Kasavubu who valued increasing the power of local identities and regional jurisdictions as opposed to national priorities.
		He was captured by the Kasavubu faction and turned over the Katangan rebels who murdered him in January 1961.
		In 1965 he deposed Kasavubu, quelled the Katangan revolt in 1967, renamed the country Zaire in 1971, allowed the establishment of a multi-power government in 1991 and was himself deposed in 1997.
	www.amomentintime.com /transcript.asp?AMIT_ID=2745 (296 words)

	Lumumba: 'We shall show the world what the black man can do when he is allowed to work in freedom' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Kasavubu's ABAKO also won 12 seats and the PNP (Parti National de Progres led by Paul Bolya - the party formed by the Belgians in 1959 and on which they pinned their hopes to win the elections) won only 8 seats.
		On 23 June 1960, Congo's first nationally elected government was thus formed, with Lumumba as its first prime minister, and Joseph Kasavubu as the ceremonial president.
		Even the moderate Kasavubu, who replied on behalf of the new Congo nation, had to drop the second half of his prepared speech praising the King.
	www.africasia.co.uk /archive/na/00_02/nacs0202.htm (1870 words)

	UniMaps.com - Congo Crisis, map & infomation - PRINT
		Kasavubu, president of newly independent central government of Congo.
		Other players in this sad drama of greed, murder and intrigue were the Rwanda 'government', the CIA, multinationals, and anyone else that had a stake in the mineral resource pie.
		The situation grew steadily worse until early 1961, when strongman Kasavubu staged a successful army coup, and handed over the former premier Lumumba to the Katangese where Lumumba was murdered.
	unimaps.com /congo-crisis/print.html (497 words)

	Official Website of African Students Organization at LSU
		Lumumba was taken from prison and flown to Brussels, Belgium, where negotiations with Congolese activists led to the scheduling of unconditional independence for the almost totally unprepared colony.
		The Republic of the Congo officially became independent on June 30, 1960, and Lumumba became prime minister, with Kasavubu as president.
		Kasavubu swiftly turned against Lumumba and dismissed him in early September 1960.
	www.lsu.edu /student_organizations/aso/lumumba.htm (568 words)

	Patrice Emery Lumumba
		His two principal rivals, Moise Tshombe, who led the breakaway of the Katanga province, and Joseph Kasavubu, who later became the nation's president, both came from large, powerful tribes from which they derived their major support, giving their political movements a regional character.
		His moves alarmed many, particularly the Western powers and the supporters of President Kasavubu, who pursued a moderate course in the coalition government and favoured some local autonomy in the provinces.
		On September 14 power was seized by the Congolese army leader Colonel Joseph Mobutu (president of Zaire as Mobutu Sese Seko), who later reached a working agreement with Kasavubu.
	www.africawithin.com /lumumba/historical_bio.htm (1202 words)

	The Polynational War Memorial: Conflict Details CONGO GOVT VS KATANGA REBELS (CONGO CRISIS)
		ABAKO, led by Joseph Kasavubu during the Crisis, was at the forefront of the more insistent demands for both independence and federalism.
		The independent Republic of the Congo was declared on 30 June 1960, with Joseph Kasavubu as President and Patrice Lumumba as Prime Minister.
		It shared a name with the neighboring Republic of the Congo to the west, a French colony that also gained independence in 1960, and the two were normally differentiated by also stating the name of the relevant capital city, so Congo (Léopoldville) versus Congo (Brazzaville).
	www.war-memorial.net /Detail.asp?ID=128 (1579 words)

	U.S. Department of State on the Congo
		On September 19, Congolese Army Chief of Staff Colonel Joseph Mobutu declared that the army had decided to neutralize both governments and establish a College of Commissioners to administer the country on an interim basis.
		Kasavubu reacted strongly against the idea of expanding the U.N. mandate, which he saw as an infringement of Congolese sovereignty and prelude to U.N. trusteeship.
		Timberlake was instructed to urge Kasavubu and Joseph Ileo, recently named by Kasavubu to head a provisional government, to increase their efforts to achieve political reconciliation and cooperate with the United Nations, while an effort was launched to urge Belgian compliance with the U.N. resolution.
	shs.westport.k12.ct.us /jwb/Collab/PWB/StDept.htm (6260 words)

	SHAFR: March 2003 Newsletter: Needles in the Haystacks
		It is also known that Kasavubu talked with the UN’s temporary representative in the Congo, Andrew Cordier, who suggested that he was not averse to Kasavubu’s proposed action.
		Documents translated by the CWIHP revealed that the Soviet Union was also working behind the scenes to urge other African states, including Ghana, to put their troops serving under the UN operation in the Congo at the disposition of the government of the Congo or create a joint command to aid Lumumba.
		Washington in effect undermined Mobutu by insisting on the “de-neutralization” of Kasavubu to safeguard both the UN and the U.S. position in the Congo.
	www.shafr.org /newsletter/2005/april/namikas.htm (2091 words)

	Joseph Kasa-Vubu - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		También se enfrentó al poder legislativo, y terminó siendo depuesto por un golpe de estado encabezado por Joseph Mobutu (el mismo del que se había servido para eliminar a Lumumba) en 1965.
		Joseph Kasa-Vubu fu llamado "el rey Kasa" por algunos.
		Kasavubu et también el nombre de una de las comunas de Kinshasa.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joseph_Kasavubu (250 words)

	raceandhistory.com - A chronology of key events in the Congo
		Congo becomes independent with Patrice Lumumba as prime minister and Joseph Kasavubu as president.
		Kasavubu and Tshombe ousted in a coup led by Joseph Mobutu.
		Joseph Mobutu renames the country Zaire and himself Mobutu Sese Seko; also Katanga becomes Shaba and the river Congo becomes the river Zaire.
	www.raceandhistory.com /historicalviews/chronologycongo.htm (776 words)

	AllRefer.com - Joseph Kasavubu (African History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Joseph Kasavubu (African History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Joseph Kasavubu[kas´´uvOO´bOO, kA´su–] Pronunciation Key, 1917?–1969, African political leader, president of the Republic of the Congo (1960–65, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo).
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Joseph Kasavubu
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/Kasavubu.html (291 words)

	Lumumba
		When Lumumba was elected Prime Minister, he was forced to share duties with Joseph Kasavubu, a timid and temporizing bourgeois politician.
		One is the young Joseph Mobutu (Alex Descas), an aspiring journalist and soon to become military strongman.
		After Kasavubu cashiers him from office, he goes to parliament to fight for reinstatement.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/culture/lumumba.htm (1340 words)

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