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	Joseph Norman Lockyer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lockyer identified a yellow strip in the spectrum of the sun that conventional scientific opinion of the time held as a known element under extraordinary circumstances.
		To Lockyer it suggested the existence of a previously unknown element in the sun.
		Lockyer crater on the Moon and Lockyer crater on Mars are named after him.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joseph_Norman_Lockyer (349 words)

	Joseph Norman Lockyer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer or Norman Lockyer (May 17, 1836 – August 16, 1920) was an (An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) English scientist and astronomer.
		Lockyer identified a yellow strip in the (An ordered array of the components of an emission or wave) spectrum of the sun that conventional scientific opinion of the time held as a known element under extraordinary circumstances.
		Lockyer's discovery was eventually confirmed in the (The decade from 1890 to 1899) 1890s.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/jo/joseph_norman_lockyer.htm (495 words)

	Joseph Norman Lockyer - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer or Norman Lockyer (May 17, 1836 – August 16, 1920) was an English scientist and astronomer.
		After his retirement in 1911, Lockyer established an observatory near his home in Salcombe Regis, Devonshire.
		There is a crater on Mars named after Lockyer.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Joseph_Norman_Lockyer (300 words)

	SIR JOSEPH NORMAN LOCKYER - LoveToKnow Article on SIR JOSEPH NORMAN LOCKYER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lockyer was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1869, and received the Rumford medal in 1874.
		He initiated in 1866 the spectroscopic observation of sunspots; applied Dopplers principle in 1869 to determine the radial velocities of the chromospheric gases; and successfully investigated the chemistry of the sun from 1872 onward.
		Among Lockyers other works areThe Dawn of A stronomy (1894), to which Stonehenge and other British Stone Monuments astronomically considered (1906) may be considered a sequel; Recent and coming Eclipses (1897); and Inorganic Evolution (1900).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LO/LOCKYER_SIR_JOSEPH_NORMAN.htm (412 words)

	03 Lockyer, Norman
		Joseph Norman Lockyer was born at Rugby on May, 17th 1836 to Mr.
		Cooke encouraged Lockyer's interest in astronomy and in 1862 lent him a 6.25 inch object glass to build a telescope with which he was to make important observations during the next 10 years.
		Lockyer was knighted in 1897 for this discovery.
	www.plicht.de /chris/03lockye.htm (676 words)

	Lockyer, Joseph Norman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lockyer was born in Rugby, the Midlands, and began as an amateur astronomer.
		Although Lockyer had been the first to think of it, the same idea had occurred to French astronomer Pierre Janssen, then working in India, and they simultaneously notified the French Academy of Sciences of the same result.
		Lockyer also developed the theory that Stonehenge is oriented towards the direction in which the Sun rises at the time of the summer solstice.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/L/Lockyer/1.html (202 words)

	ipedia.com: J. Norman Lockyer Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer or Norman Lockyer was an English scientist and astronomer.
		Lockyer was born in Rugby, Warwickshire, after a conventional schooling suplemented by travel in Switzerland and France, he worked for some years as a civil servant in the British War office.
		After his retirement in 1911, Lockyer established an observatory near his home in Salcombe Regis, Devonshire, it was known at first as the Hill Observatory, and after his death as the Norman Lockyer Observatory, which is now operated by the University of Exeter.
	www.ipedia.com /j__norman_lockyer.html (315 words)

	[No title]
		Cooke encouraged Lockyer's interest in astronomy and in 1862 lent him a 6.25 inch objective to build a telescope with which he was to make important observations during the next 10 years.
		It was not until 1868 that Lockyer was able to confirm the suggestion, wich he had made in 1866, that bright emission lines from prominences of the sun could be seen at times other than during total eclipses.
		James Lockyer was the youngest son of Sir Norman and the second director of the 'Hill Observatory'.
	www.astro.wisc.edu /~astrolib/enha12.html.1 (5075 words)

	Britannica India: Biographies
		Lockyer became a clerk in the War Office in 1857, but his interest in astronomy eventually led to a career in that field.
		He initiated in 1866 the spectroscopic observation of sunspots, and in 1868 he found that solar prominences are upheavals in a layer around the Sun, which he named the chromosphere.
		Lockyer identified the element helium in the solar spectrum 27 years before that element was found on the Earth.
	www.britannicaindia.com /biographies_newtry.asp?id=264 (213 words)

	Astronomers L
		LaGrange, Joseph Louis (1736-1813) - astronomer and mathematician who devised mathematical treatments for the motions of the objects in the solar system.
		LeVerrier, Urbain Jean Joseph (1811-1877)- theoretically predicted the presence of the planet Neptune based upon the perturbations of the orbit of Uranus.
		He was the first to study the spectra of sunspots, and along with Janssen discovered the element helium in the sun and studied prominences without a solar eclipse.
	www.pa.msu.edu /people/horvatin/Astronomers/astronomers_l.htm (384 words)

	EbooksLib, Your source for quality eBooks!
		Lockyer was archaic, Sanders an antique; Benchley, actually only about fifty-five, had the air of one born in the grandfather class.
		Lockyer the son dyed his hair and affected jauntiness, but was in fact not many years younger than Benchley and had the stiffening jerky legs of one paying for a lively youth.
		Lockyer shook his picturesque head in sad remonstrance at this vulgar, coarse, but latterly frequent retort of insurgent democracy upon indignant aristocracy.
	www.ebookslib.com /?a=sa&b=900 (4244 words)

	Lockyer Family Genealogy Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Winifred Lockyer and Joseph Siragher - joan lobban 11/12/03
		Re: Lockyer's of Clutton, Somerset - Marilyn Lockyer 10/16/04
		Re: Lockyer's of Clutton, Somerset - Marilyn Lockyer 11/26/02
	genforum.genealogy.com /lockyer (1716 words)

	Helium
		The man who spotted it there was Norman Lockyer, a civil servant from Wimbledon who, among other things, wrote the first book on the St. Andrew's rules of golf, founded London's Science Museum in South Kensington and launched the international science journal Nature, which he edited for 50 years.
		Lockyer was ridiculed for proposing the existence of "helium" and had to wait many years to see his critics silenced.
		Lockyer was beside himself with joy as he squinted through the spectroscope at the "glorious yellow effulgence" he had first seen on the Sun a quarter of a century before.
	www.chemmybear.com /helium.html (1137 words)

	Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer (1836-1920) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		English astronomer, was born in Rugby, in May 17th 1836, and died in Sidmouth, in August 16th 1920.
		Lockyer was professor at the Royal College of Science and, later, director of the Solar Physics Observatory, in South Kensington.
		Lockyer discovered the element helium in the Sun before it had been detected on Earth.
	nautilus.fis.uc.pt /st2.5/scenes-e/biog/b0052.html (109 words)

	He-history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Helium was known to exist in the sun before it was known to exist on earth.
		When the English astronomer Sir Norman Lockyer found that the new line did not belong to hydrogen or to any element then known, he named it helium.
		Lockyer confirmed the existence of helium gas on earth with the examination of the sample sent by Ramsay.
	www.doane.edu /Dept_Pages/new_SCIENCE/CHEM/His/He.html (288 words)

	norman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He discovered a new element, helium, pioneered new astronomical techniques, founded a scientific journal, promoted science at all levels and investigated ancient temples and stone circles.
		He is known as one of the founders of astrophysics and the father of astro-archaeology.
		Lockyer was not only a great scientist, but an inspired teacher and a determined promoter of science.
	www.sunblock99.org.uk /sb99/people/CParnell/norman.html (208 words)

	Society Rule
		Subscriptions are due to be paid within one month of the start of each year or, in default of such payment, within two months of a notice issued by the Membership Secretary, after which membership shall be deemed to have lapsed if the dues remain unpaid.
		Members also undertake, where possible and as far as is reasonable in their circumstances, to assist the Board and General Committee in meeting the Society's obligations to operate the Norman Lockyer Observatory for the public benefit in accordance with the agreements entered into with East Devon District Council and/or other authorities.
		It is for these reasons that the Rules of the Norman Lockyer Observatory Society (paragraphs 2 and 5 to 8) provide for the General Committee to bring together the directors with representatives of interest groups and members.
	www.projects.ex.ac.uk /nlo/society/rules.htm (3292 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer (Astronomy, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Astronomy, Biographies > Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer
		Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer[lok´yur] Pronunciation Key, 1836–1920, English astronomer, educated on the Continent.
		One of the first to make a spectroscopic examination of the sun and stars, he devised (1868), independently of P. Janssen, a method of observing solar prominences with the spectroscope in daylight.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lockyer.html (264 words)

	Chemistry Information Center
		A.D. 1662 Robert Boule (Anglo-Irish: 1627-91) announces what becomes known as Boyle's law: For gas kept a constant temperature, pressure and volume vary inversely.
		Karl Wilhelm Scheele (Swedish: 174286) discovers oxygen but does not announce discovery until after independent discovery by Joseph Priestly in 1774.
		1868 Pierre-Jules-Cesar Janssen (French: 1824-1907) and Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer (English: 1836-1920) discover helium by observing sun's spectrum.
	www.victoriapacking.com /cheminfo.html (1267 words)

	Lecture 15 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lockyer built his meteoritic hypothesis upon spectroscopic observations of many different types of celestial bodies (nebulae, comets, novae, meteors).
		They argued that lines in nebular spectra were produced by some new and previously unknown element which they called "nebulum" or "nephelium." Agnes Clerke suggested calling it "nebulium," a name which became popular among other astronomers.
		Lockyer was right—nebulae are composed of familiar, terrestrial materials.
	eee.uci.edu /clients/bjbecker/ExploringtheCosmos/lecture15.html (926 words)

	Chapter XI: the Age of the Temple of Amen-ra At Karnak
		Chapter XI: the Age of the Temple of Amen-ra At Karnak
		He was good enough to accede to my request, and I proceed to give extracts from the report of the officer in question, Mr.
		I have already mentioned that the photographs I had taken of the temple axis towards, and from the outside of, the Ptolemaic pylon indicated a twist in the temple axis.
	www.knowledge.co.uk /books/dawn/kdawn11.htm (1470 words)

	NETL's Cool Science - Ask a NETL Researcher Q&A Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Shortly afterward it was identified as an element and named by the British chemist Sir Edward Frankland and the British astronomer Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer.
		The gas was first isolated from terrestrial sources in 1895 by the British chemist Sir William Ramsay, who discovered it in cleveite, a uranium-bearing mineral.
		The Astronomy Picture of the Day had a reference to helium and Lockyer on May 16, 1998 and it is archived.
	www.netl.doe.gov /coolscience/res_archive/q&a_79.html (388 words)

	ESA - Science - Home - 16 August
		1920: On 16 August 1920, Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer died.
		Lockyer was a British astronomer who, in 1868, discovered and named the element helium that he found in the Sun's atmosphere.
		Lockyer discovered, together with P. Janssen, the prominences (the large red/orange flame-like eruptions of gas) that surround the solar disk.
	www.esa.int /esaSC/SEMV70W4QWD_index_2.html (79 words)

	The Grain Of Dust A Novel , by David Graham Phillips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lockyer, you have been absent six years—except an occasional two or three weeks—absent as American Ambassador to France. You have done nothing for the firm in that time. Yet you have not scorned to take profits you did not earn. Why should I scorn to take profits I do earn?”
		Lockyer shook his picturesque head in sad remonstrance at this vulgar, coarse, but latterly frequent retort of insurgent democracy upon indignant aristocracy. But he answered nothing.
		Lockyer sighed. “I see you are incorrigible,” said he.
	www.sakoman.net /pg/html/430.htm (6310 words)

	[No title]
		Even the venerable and venerated Lockyer--than whom a more convinced self-deceiver on the subject of his own virtues never wore white whiskers, fl garments, and the other badges of eminent respectability--even old Joseph Lockyer could not twist the acceptance into another manifestation of the benevolence of himself and his associates.
		Lockyer, you have been absent six years--except an occasional two or three weeks--absent as American Ambassador to France.
		When old Lockyer said one day that this was the function of the "upper classes," Norman retorted: "Perhaps.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/4/3/430/430.txt (22495 words)

	Lockyer, Sir Joseph Norman on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		His works include Studies in Spectrum Analysis (1872), Contributions to Solar Physics (1874), The Chemistry of the Sun (1887), and The Sun's Place in Nature (1897).
		Magazines and Newspapers for: Lockyer, Sir Joseph Norman
		Pictures and Maps for: Lockyer, Sir Joseph Norman
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/L/Lockyer.asp (432 words)

	Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lockyer, Sir Joseph Norman, 1836–1920, English astronomer, educated on the Continent.
		Between 1870 and 1905 he headed eight government expeditions to observe total eclipses of the sun.
		Lockyer, Sir Joseph Norman (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition)
	www.infoplease.com /id/A0830120 (295 words)

	Exhibition Hall at the Norman Lockyer Observatory and Planetarium (Sidmouth, England)
		Exhibition Hall at the Norman Lockyer Observatory and Planetarium (Sidmouth, England)
		The Exhibition Hall was opened in 1995 as part of the building of the James Lockyer Planetarium and houses both static and visiting displays.
		The exhibition hall contains various interesting items; there are the models of the solar system, of planets, models of space ships and information about satellites, the weather satellite display and, of course, some of the Lockyer memorabilia.
	www.projects.ex.ac.uk /nlo/tour/hall.htm (311 words)

	ScienceLives! Online - Astronomy - Spectroscopy
		Using spectroscopy, Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer was able to discover the presence of helium in our sun.
		At this point in time, the element helium was not known to exist on Earth.
		1814 - Joseph Fraunhofer made one of the earliest studies of absorption lines.
	www.sciencelives.com /spectroscopy.html (1478 words)

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