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	Joseph Mallord William Turner - Encyclopedia.com
		Turner was the foremost English romantic painter and the most original of English landscape artists; in watercolor he is unsurpassed.
		Turner showed a remarkable ability to distill the best from the tradition of landscape painting and he helped to further elevate landscape (and seascape) as important artistic subject matter.
		Turner encountered violent criticism as his style became increasingly free, but he was passionately defended by Sir Thomas Lawrence and the youthful Ruskin.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Turner-JMW.html (880 words)

	J. M. W. Turner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Joseph Mallord William Turner (born in Covent Garden, London on April 23, 1775 (exact date disputed), died December 19, 1851) was an English Romantic landscape artist, whose style can be said to lay the foundations for Impressionism.
		Turner's talent was recognized early in his life, becoming a full art academician at the age of 23.
		Turner, along with John Constable, was at the forefront of English painting by his later years, and both were popular in France as well.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner (1146 words)

	History of Art: Romanticism - Joseph Mallord William Turner
		Turner was much in demand as a painter of castles and countryseats for their owners, while he also continued to excel in marine painting.
		Turner's masterpiece of this period is the Dort, or Dortrecht: The Dort Packet Boat from Rotterdam Becalmed (1817–18), a tribute to Cuyp.
		Turner's growing reputation in the second half of the 19th century was in fact largely due to the championship of the influential English art critic John Ruskin, who published the first part of Modern Painters in 1843 to prove Turner's superiority to all previous landscape painters and to extol his accurate rendering of natural appearance.
	www.all-art.org /neoclasscism/turner1.html (1971 words)

	Joseph Mallord William Turner - Biography, life and works
		Joseph Mallord William Turner: "The fire of the House of Lords and the Commons of October 16th, 1834", 1835.
		Turner explained the critic that, at the moment in which the picture was painted, the ships were against the light and, therefore, the portholes were not visible.
		Although William Turner was more —much more- than a simple seascape painter, it would be absurd not to recognize that many of his greater achievements were obtained in the depiction of the sea and the marine elements.
	www.theartwolf.com /turner_biography.htm (1855 words)

	J.M.W. Turner, 1774-1851 - The First Impressionist - Biography, Chapter One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Turner was sent to live for about a year with an uncle in Brentford, Middlesex in 1786.
		Turner spent many hours, during his later travels in Europe, copying the works of old masters in the Louve and other museums, and of course his love, sketching from nature.
		Turner was 16 at the time, and well on the road to becoming an artist of note.
	www.ellensplace.net /turner2.html (617 words)

	Joseph Mallord William Turner
		Joseph Mallord William Turner, the hero of Ruskin's Modern Painters and revolutionary figure in the art of landscape painting was the son of a London barber.
		In fact, Turner wished to be considered a rival of Claude, and the bequest of his paintings to the British people included a stipulation that his works always be shown side by side with those of the elder master.
		Turner's work continued to be both profitable and popular until about 1834, when he developed his final and most spectacular style, which displeased the academicians and all the critics except Ruskin.
	www.3d-dali.com /Artist-Biographies/Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner.html (435 words)

	Impressionism - Biography of William TURNER
		William Turner was born in London in 1775 from a modest family which he will always keep in his heart.
		Turner was described by Constable and Delacroix as slovenly in dress, with uncought manners, silent even taciturn, but with a wonderful range of mind.
		Turner stilll remains the most important painter of the Loire landscapes, which will be celebrated at the same time by many French romantic writers such as Vigny, Balzac, Flaubert...
	www.impressionniste.net /turner_william.htm (1446 words)

	Port Sunlight / Lady Lever Art Gallery / Artists / Joseph Mallord William Turner
		Joseph Mallord William Turner was born in London, England, on April 23, 1775.
		Turner was 15 years old when he received a rare honor--one of his paintings was exhibited at the Royal Academy.
		Turner left a large fortune that he hoped would be used to support what he called "decaying artists." His collection of paintings was bequeathed to his country.
	www.portsunlight.org.uk /gallery/artists/turner.htm (443 words)

	handprint : joseph mallord william turner
		Turner is reputed to have said toward the end of his life that "the Sun is God," and paintings after his Italian experience often have a luminous core of direct or reflected light that was intended to express a kind of Platonic spiritual light hidden behind physical reality.
		Turner put much of his artistic effort in a wide range of publishing projects, crowned by the masterful and obsessively perfected plates for his Liber Studiorum (1807-19), considered by many to be among the finest collections of mezzotint engravings of the 19th century.
		Turner was described (not by his detractors, but by those who saw him paint) as pouring colors on the paper to start a painting, then "chasing the colors around" to pull the image into relief.
	www.handprint.com /HP/WCL/artist05.html (2256 words)

	Joseph Mallord William Turner
		Joseph Mallord William Turner was born in London, England, on April 23, 1775.
		Turner was 15 years old when he received a rare honor - one of his paintings was exhibited at the Royal Academy.
		Turner left a large fortune that he hoped would be used to support what he called "decaying artists." His collection of paintings was bequeathed to his country.
	www.masters-gallery.com /03_Artists/artists/Turner (428 words)

	Joseph Mallord William Turner Ölgemälde Reproduktion: Joseph Mallord William Turner Ölgemälde
		Joseph Mallord William Turner, born April 23 at Covent Garden, London, the son of a barber and wigmaker.
		Turner is particularly enigmatic, Secrecy was part of his nature, his paintings, even those that appear remarkably abstract, are generally based on a careful observation of nature in his unique visuall memory, this is clearly indicated by the titles he gave to his paintings.
		Turner had a strong fear that he would not be understood after his death, because most praise and excellent comments he got was so superficial and poor.
	www.canvaz.com /de_painters/turner1.htm (258 words)

	Joseph Mallord William Turner
		Joseph Mallord William Turner was to study art, and become an artist.
		Turner is of course known throughout the world for his magnificent scenes of Venice.
		These drawings showed that Turner with all his talent, was also made of flesh, and had base instincts like all humans; So shocked was he, it has long been thought that he burned these drawings in a bonfire, in order to protect Turner’s posthumous reputation.
	www.artexpertswebsite.com /pages/artists/turner.html (1723 words)

	Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775 - 1851) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Joseph Mallord William Turner, Lauffenbourgh on the Rhine, 1811
		Joseph Mallord William Turner, Junction of the Severn and Wye Rivers, 1811
		Joseph Mallord William Turner, Crypt of Kirkstall Abbey, 1812
	wwar.com /masters/t/turner-joseph_mallord_william.html (1589 words)

	Canvas Creations - Joseph Mallord William Turner Biografía
		Turner was partly inspired by the 17th century Dutch seascape tradition and by dramatic 18th century shipwreck scenes from the early stages of Romantic art.
		Turner's father was a barber, and his mother died when he was very young.
		Turner left a large fortune that he hoped would be used to support what he called "decaying artists", and his collection of paintings was bequeathed to England.
	www.canvascreations.com /es/gallery/bio_Turner.html (631 words)

	Joseph Mallord William Turner Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		The English painter Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) was one of the greatest romantic interpreters of nature in the history of Western art and is still unrivaled in the virtuosity of his painting of light.
		Turner went even further than the impressionists later in abstracting light and color from his vision of nature, but unlike them he was principally interested in capturing transient effects under different conditions.
		Turner died on Dec. 19, 1851, and was buried as a national hero in St. Paul's Cathedral.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/joseph-mallord-william-turner (1271 words)

	Joseph Mallord William Turner
		"Turner's earliest works were watercolours in the eighteenth-century tradition of the topographical 'tinted drawing', in which a preliminary pencil outline determined the subsequent placing of the washes of colour.
		Turner's interest in figures had already shown itself in a number of sometimes rather playful genre and historical scenes in the earlier 1820s and continued in the late 1820s and earlier 1830s, partly under the influence of Rembrandt: 'Pilate washing his Hands' shows Rembrandt's chiaroscuro treated in terms of rich colour.
		Turner had precisely 'the disposition to abstractions, to generalizing and classification' that Reynolds regarded as the great glory of the human mind, though in a form that Reynolds would hardly have recognised.
	www.artchive.com /artchive/T/turner.html (1864 words)

	Joseph Mallord William Turner - Joseph Mallord William Turner Oil Paintings, Joseph Mallord William Turner Biography & ...
		Turner was born in London on April 23, 1775, and educated at the Royal Academy of Arts.
		Turner's early paintings were predominantly watercolors and his subjects mostly landscapes.
		Turner achieved a vibrant sense of force by presenting objects as indistinct masses within a glowing haze of color.
	www.huntfor.com /absoluteig/turner.asp (199 words)

	ARTINVEST2000®JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER ENGLISH
		These visits also produced what are perhaps Turner's most idyllic landscapes, the long oblong compositions designed to be set into the panelling of the dining-room at Petworth though replaced a year or two later by the more finished paintings still in the house.
		Turner had precisely 'the disposition to abstractions, to generalizing and classification' that Reynolds regarded as the great glory of the human mind, though in a form that Reynolds would hardly have recognized.
		Another contemporary artist described how Turner sent in a picture to the British Institution exhibition of 1835 in a state no more finished than 'a mere dab of several colours, and "without form and void"'; the account continues that 'Such a magician, performing his incantations in public, was an object of interest and attraction'.
	www.artinvest2000.com /joseph_mallord_william-turner.html (1672 words)

	Turner, Joseph Mallord William Secret Encyclopaedia Gnomiz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		1851 London Joseph Mallord William Turner's father, a barber and wigmaker, realized his son's artistic talents early, asserting that "my son is going to be a painter." Before enrolling in the Royal Academy, Turner gained some drawing experience in the offices of several of London's leading architects.
		Turner's body of work includes around three hundred paintings and over twenty thousand drawings and watercolors, the majority of which were given to the English government upon his death.
		Turner’s style changed considerably over his long career, but, while his late works demonstrate the increasing dominance of abstract pictorial qualities, he never abandoned his interest in subject matter.
	www.gnomiz.it /nexus/arte00/turner.htm (738 words)

	MyStudios- Joseph Mallord William Turner
		Turner was only fourteen years old when he was admitted to the Royal Academy Schools.
		During this period, thanks to an increasing concentration on the atmospheric effects of light, his original style began to evolve, a process that culminated during trips to Italy in 1811 and 1829.
		In his atmospheric depictions of shipwrecks and natural disasters, perhaps inspired by such works as The Battle of Trafalgar by Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg, who lived in Turner's neighborhood, reality and fantasy merge, and color is used to metaphorically evoke the power of natural phenomena.
	www.mystudios.com /art/ncar/turner/turner.html (249 words)

	TURNER, Joseph Mallord William (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Turner is perhaps the best-loved English Romantic artist.
		Turner was born near Covent Garden in London and entered the Royal Academy Schools in 1789.
		Turner became interested in contemporary technology, as can be seen from 'The Fighting Temeraire' and 'Rain, Steam and Speed'.
	www.nationalgallery.org.uk /cgi-bin/WebObjects.dll/CollectionPublisher.woa/wa/artistBiography?artistID=702 (185 words)

	Joseph Mallord William Turner - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Turner was born on Maiden Lane in Covent Garden, London, in 1775 (the actual day is uncertain, but Turner maintained it was Saint George's Day, 23 April), the only son of William Turner and Mary Marshall.
		Turner's precocity led to his election as an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1799, and to full Academicianship in 1802.
		Turner made his reputation as a topographical watercolorist, sketching from nature, mainly in pencil, the sketches serving as a repository of ideas of which he might make use months or even years afterward.
	www.bonus.com /contour/national_gallery/http@@/www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/pbio?30950 (714 words)

	The Fighting Téméraire - Joseph Mallord William Turner
		Turner, and a party of friends were sailing down the river Thames in London, there suddenly loomed before their astonished gaze the dark hull of the famous ship called the Téméraire.
		To Turner, who was born near the river Thames and grew up among boats and sailors, the sight of this old boat made a strong appeal, not only because he was an artist, but because he was also a patriotic Englishman full of pride in the ship's great victories.
		Turner himself considered this picture, " The Fighting Téméraire Tugged to Her Last Berth to be Broken Up," as he called it, his best work, and bequeathed it to the National Gallery in London, refusing to sell it for any price.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles29/art-stories-1.shtml (1690 words)

	CGFA- Bio: J.M.W. Turner
		Joseph Mallord William Turner was an English landscape painter who is renowned especially for his dynamic treatment of natural light effects in land and marine subjects.
		During the first period (1800-20) Turner painted many picturesque mythological and historical scenes in which the coloring was subdued and details and contours were emphasized.
		Turner's artistic genius reached its culmination during his third period (1835-45).
	cgfa.sunsite.dk /turner/turner_bio.htm (471 words)

	Turner Joseph Mallord William - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Turner, Joseph Mallord William (1775-1851), English painter and watercolourist.
		Romantic landscape painting also flourished in England; the trend began early in the 19th century and is exemplified in the works of John Constable...
		While Constable's gentle, lyrical naturalism is undoubtedly compatible with one strand of Romanticism, Joseph Mallord William Turner exemplifies the...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Turner_Joseph_Mallord_William.html (146 words)

	AllRefer.com - Joseph Mallord William Turner (European Art, 1600 To The Present, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775–1851, English landscape painter, b.
		In the vein of the French classical landscape painter, Claude Lorrain, he produced the Liber Studiorum (1807–19), 70 drawings that were later reproduced by engraving under Turner's supervision.
		Turner: Romantic Painter of the Industrial Revolution (1997); G. Finley, Angel in the Sun: Turner's Vision of History (1999).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/Turner-JMW.html (691 words)

	ARC :: Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) :: Page 1 of 14
		Joseph Mallord William Turner (born in Covent Garden, London on April 23, 1775 [exact date disputed], died December 19, 1851) was an English Romantic landscape artist.
		Possibly due to the load placed on the family by these problems, the young Turner was sent in 1785 to stay with his uncle on his mother's side in Brentford, which was then a small town west of London on the banks of the Thames.
		Turner travelled widely in Europe, starting with France and Switzerland in 1802 and studying in the Louvre in Paris in the same year.
	www.artrenewal.org /asp/database/art.asp?aid=1137 (844 words)

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