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	Pioneers: Wolpe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Wolpe interviews a volunteer, Tom, who is 39 and has problems sleeping, is depressed, has nightmares, experiences mood swings and fits of anger.
		Wolpe begins with his interview of a volunteer from the audience.
		Wolpe uses imagery and desensitization to diminish feelings of anxiety.
	www.erickson-foundation.org /pioneers/Wolpe.htm (201 words)

	Learning and Unlearning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Wolpe has found that animal and human reactions that seem hopelessly beyond control can be weakened if a competitive reaction can be evoked when ordinarily the unwanted one would occur.
		Wolpe found that the amount of anxiety evoked in the cats varied with the familiarity of an environment to the cage in which the shocks had occurred.
		Wolpe, meanwhile, states that the 50 percent success rate common to many psychotherapies indicates that what is unique about each technique is probably not responsible for the improvement.
	www.kcmetro.cc.mo.us /pennvalley/biology/lewis/unlearn.htm (1326 words)

	Joseph Wolpe: "Spontaneous" Reversal of Homosexuality After Overcoming General Interpersonal Anxiety (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Wolpe worked with this client in the 1950's, yet his actions are in line with the common, contemporary beliefs that:
		Wolpe did not interview friends or acquaintances of the client to confirm the reported changes.
		As Wolpe does not specify when in 1957 his follow-up interview took place, the follow-up time could be up to 2 1/2 years.
	www.newdirection.ca /research/wolpe.htm (928 words)

	People
		Wolpe, a South African—born psychiatrist and one of behavior therapy’s pioneers, died of lung cancer on Dec. 4, 1997.
		Wolpe is probably best known for originating systematic desensitization—the treatment that helps people overcome their phobias by incrementally exposing them to images of their fears, coupled with deep muscle relaxation.
		Wolpe is also well known for urging his colleagues to view psychotherapy as an applied science in which treatment effectiveness is evaluated through controlled experiments.
	www.apa.org /monitor/nov98/people.html (1148 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology: Wolpe, Joseph (1915-1997) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Joseph Wolpe's groundbreaking work as a behaviorist was grounded in his belief that behavior therapy was as much an applied science as any other aspect of medicine.
		The usual methods did not work; then Wolpe found out that the woman's husband, with whom she had not been getting along, was nicknamed for an insect.
		What Wolpe did was show that effective, compassionate therapy could be combined with empirical methods in a way that used both to their best advantage.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0006/ai_2699000655 (776 words)

	Pavlov's Contributions to Behavior Therapy: The Obvious and the Not So Obvious - Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Since the first behavior therapy alternatives to psychoanalysis were introduced four decades ago (Wolpe, 1958), continued advancements in behavior therapy have been fueled largely by its foundation on conditioning principles and theories (Eifert & Plaud, in press; Plaud & Vogeltanz, in press-a; Wolpe, 1990).
		Joseph Wolpe, Graduate School of Education and Psychology, Pepperdine University; Joseph J. Plaud, Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota.
		Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Joseph J. Plaud, Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, P.O. Box 8380, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8380.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=96541889 (744 words)

	The Removal of Homosexuality from the (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Renowned behavioral psychologist Joseph Wolpe was faced with a Catholic client who felt guilty about his homosexuality.
		Wolpe had to decide which behavior to extinguish--the homosexuality or the religious guilt.
		Second, the client later discovered heterosexual attraction on his own and was married, and Wolpe determined him to be cured of homosexuality.
	www.catholicsocialscientists.org /Symposium2--Nicolosi--mss.htm (2259 words)

	MSN Encarta - Psychotherapy
		Systematic desensitization, a procedure developed by South African psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe in the 1950s, gradually teaches people to be relaxed in a situation that would otherwise frighten them.
		One popular form of social skills training is assertiveness training, another technique pioneered by Joseph Wolpe.
		This technique teaches people, often those who are shy, to make appropriate responses when someone does something to them that seems inappropriate or offensive or violates their rights.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563630_5/Psychotherapy.html (961 words)

	Psychotherapy
		Joseph Wolpe was a behavioral psychologist in South Africa who was actually studying cats more than dealing with clients.
		But Wolpe noticed that there were several things that cats could do that seemed to interfere with their anxiety.
		Wolpe reasoned that the most obvious thing that is incompatible with anxiety is to be physically relaxed.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/psychotherapy.html (3094 words)

	Joseph Wolpe -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Joseph Wolpe (1915-1997) was born in (additional info and facts about Johannesburg, South Africa) Johannesburg, South Africa in 1915, but became an American citizen later in his life.
		He is best known for developing theories and experiments about what is now called systematic (The process of reducing sensitivity) desensitization.
		He also did some indicating that sexual orientations can change spontaneously.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/J/Jo/Joseph_Wolpe.htm (98 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Wolpe was convinced that phobias were acquired through a pairing of a neutral stimulus with an aversive event.
		In this way the therapist could put the client in a relaxed state and then have her visualize a bulldozer.
		Although initially it was classified as “behavior therapy,” in later years it has also been called “behavior modification,” although the latter term is more commonly associated with operant conditioning techniques.
	home.kc.rr.com /psychology140/abn-desensitization.htm (351 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Introduction to Jones (1924) by A. Rutherford (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mary Cover Jones was christened "the mother of behavior therapy" in the early 1970s by colleague and friend Joseph Wolpe, and has been portrayed throughout the psychological literature as a pioneer in the field of behavior therapy because of her seminal research on the unconditioning of the fear reaction in infants.
		Her study of the three-year-old named Peter has probably been cited more extensively than any other aspect of her work (see Jones, 1924), and is commonly referred to as the follow-up to Watson and Rayner’s "Little Albert" experiment (Watson and Rayner, 1920).
		Jones did not receive attention for this work until the 1960s, when the field of behavior therapy began to coalesce under the leadership of Joseph Wolpe.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Jones/intro.htm (1178 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology: Counterconditioning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the 1950s South African psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe (1915-) pioneered a prototype for systematic desensitization as it is generally practiced today.
		The client was then trained in deep muscle relaxation and instructed to practice it as he pictured the experiences he had described, progressing gradually from the least to the most frightening.
		Today systemic desensitization of the type pioneered by Wolpe is widely used with both adults and children.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0004/ai_2699000428 (456 words)

	Reducing Unwanted Emotions, Desensitization - Psychological Self-Help (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Joseph Wolpe (1958) gave an example of a man who thought he was afraid of open places who was really afraid of dying (and being unable to get help).
		Another patient, who avoided all social interaction, was basically afraid of being trapped in her marriage.
		Wolpe originally reported 90% effectiveness but later results have not been quite so positive.
	lifewatch-eap.com /psyhelp/chap12/chap12h.htm (1773 words)

	Welcome to the Machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However, she was christened "the mother of behavior therapy" in the early 1970s by none otehr than her friend Joseph Wolpe, who is usually credited with her discoveries, because he was the first to popularize them.
		Jones is a pioneer in the field of behavior therapy because of her seminal research on the unconditioning of the fear reaction in infants.
		Pedagogical Seminary, 312, 308-315, in which she lays out what Wolpe would call 20 years later "systematic desensitization." Jones, M. The development of early behavior patterns in young children.
	www.candleinthedark.com /jones.html (1165 words)

	100 Eminent Psychologists
		Joseph Wolpe is known as the founder of behavior therapy (A History of Modern Psychology, 7th ed., Schultz Jand Schultz).
		Wolpe is best known for his work on systematic desensitization.
		Robert Sternberg was born on December 8, 1949 in Newark, New Jersey to Joseph and Lilian Sternberg.
	www.coe.uga.edu /chds/counselingpsych/echd9600projects/eminentpsychologists (7020 words)

	Behavioral Therapy Demonstration(Pennsylvania Media) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Joseph Wolpe demonstrates his behavioral method of therapy.
		Following an interview with a young woman who suffers from extreme anxiety in social situations, Dr. Wolpe identifies the situations eliciting anxiety and offers an assessment of their relative effects.
		The subject is given initial training in deep muscle relaxation, and during relaxation her reactions to imaginary anxiety-eliciting situations are tested.
	pennsylvania.media.psu.edu /moreInfo_33020VH.html (399 words)

	Tutorial 14-2
		Desensitization, developed by Joseph Wolpe, a psychiatrist from South Africa, was one of the first behavioral treatments to be introduced.
		Wolpe was convinced that phobias were acquired through the pairing of a neutral stimulus with a terrifying consequence.
		Instead Wolpe believed that imagined stimuli would work just as well as a real CS.
	home.kc.rr.com /psychology140/abn-behaviortherapy.htm (1027 words)

	Cognitive-Behavioural Psychotherapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This keeps the anxiety down, but means that the sufferer cannot go to these places.
		Joseph Wolpe showed that systematic desensitisation can allow the phobic person to approach the object in graded steps.
		The anxiety is manageable at every step, so the sufferer does not need to run away.
	www.geocities.com /econduit/cogbeh.htm (396 words)

	Contemporary Growth Therapies
		Around 1950, Joseph Wolpe (then a South African psychiatrist) developed a counter-conditioning method called "systematic desensitivation," which he found eliminated neurotic anxieties in many of his patients in a relatively brief time.
		Whereas Wolpe has concentrated on extinguishing old unadaptive behavior, these therapies emphasized shaping new constructive behavior through positive reinforcement.
		Wolpe, Joseph; Salter, Andrew; and Reyna, L. The Conditioning Therapies.
	www.religion-online.org /showchapter.asp?title=1939&C=1748 (7274 words)

	Search Results for phobia - Encyclopædia Britannica
		In contrast to the existing psychotherapies, its techniques were based on theories of learning derived from...
		Wolpe, Joseph Britannica Book of the Year 1998
		South African-born American psychotherapist who helped usher in cognitive behavioral therapy during the 1960s; he devised a treatment to help desensitize patients with phobias by exposing them to...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=phobia&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (424 words)

	Joseph Wolpe's writings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		What follows is an admittedly haphazard list of Wolpe's writings.
		Wolpe, J., & Lazarus, A. Behavior therapy technique.
		Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy class rather than by Dr. Wolpe.
	psy1.clarion.edu /JMS/Wolpewrit.html (49 words)

	April 20 in Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Wolpe developed and promoted behavioral techniques of psychotherapy.
		The method of systematic desensitization is attributed to Wolpe.
		His Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition (1958) and The Practice of Behavior Therapy (1969) were landmark books in the field.
	www.cwu.edu /~warren/calendar/cal0420.html (396 words)

	Center for Cognitive Therapy Newsletter, Dec. 17, 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		At the AABT convention last month, we (Leo Reyna, Roger Poppen, Terry Wilson, and myself) put on a tribute to Dr. Wolpe that was very well attended and that provided an occasion to review the enormous impact Dr. Wolpe has had on our field and related disciplines.
		The current move towards establishing empirically supported treatments reflect efforts that Wolpe was pushing before many of us were even born.
		Not all who admire and respect Joseph Wolpe's work and recognize his enduring contributions have agreed with every detail of his theorizing and argumentation, but that is how it is and ought to be in a field that strives to be scientific.
	www.sfbacct.com /newsletters/news12-97.html (2759 words)

	Research / Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This approach was based on the idea that if you taught people to relax, this was incompatible with feeling anxious.
		As well as using relaxation, Wolpe also taught his patients to evoke feelings of anger or sexual arousal in association with their phobic fear and these were as successful as relaxation.
		Wolpe's original ideas still have some utility today.
	www.nomorepanic.co.uk /research.htm (4281 words)

	Test Of Time: 'Reciprocal Inhibition as the Main Basis of Psychotherapeutic Effects' by Joseph Wolpe (1954) -- Heriot ...
		Test Of Time: 'Reciprocal Inhibition as the Main Basis of Psychotherapeutic Effects' by Joseph Wolpe (1954) -- Heriot and Pritchard 9 (2): 297 -- Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry
		‘Reciprocal Inhibition as the Main Basis of Psychotherapeutic Effects’ by Joseph Wolpe (1954)
		Wolpe argued that any fundamental reduction in the levels of
	ccp.sagepub.com /cgi/content/short/9/2/297 (213 words)

	History of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
		Epictetus wrote in The Enchiridion, "Men are disturbed not by things, but by the view which they take of them." The modern psychotherapist most influential to the development of RET was Alfred Adler (who developed Individual Psychology).
		Adler, a neo-Freudian, stated, "I am convinced that a person's behavior springs from his ideas." Ellis was also influenced by behaviorists, such as John Dollard, Neal Miller, and Joseph Wolpe, and George Kelly (psychology of personal constructs).
		Ellis developed and popularized the ABC model of emotions, and later modified the model to the A-B-C-D-E approach.
	www.nacbt.org /historyofcbt.htm (413 words)

	Is it OK for Men to Wear Women's Clothes? The Answer
		Philadelphia psychologist since 1975 when she studied with Joseph Wolpe, MD, at Temple Medical School.
		She has developed her own holistic health, mental health psychology based on learning theory, adding energy healing of the body and emotions.
		She did her post doc with Joe Wolpe, MD. father of Behavior Therapy in 1975 at Temple Medical School.
	www.drjeanette.com /galstuff.html (1179 words)

	Joseph Wolpe (1915 - 1997) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Born in South Africa, Wolpe is best known for his work on systematic desensitization, a methodology designed to treat people with extreme anxiety about specific events, situations, things, or people.
		His approach involves developing a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations, learning relaxation techniques, then associating these situations with relaxation, beginning at the bottom, or least anxiety-provoking, part of the hierarchy.
		Look here for list of some of Wolpe's writings.
	psy1.clarion.edu /jms/Wolpe.html (99 words)

	TERRAP & Dr. Hardy
		Hardy felt many panic, anxiety, and phobic patients have in common certain personality traits and disorders that may become issues and obstacles in the total treatment plan and the TERRAP
		This was a time when Dr. Joseph Wolpe, a South African Psychiatrist and Dr. Arnold Lazarus, a South African Psychologist were at Stanford.
		They were researching and founding a new type of therapy, Behavior Therapy and later they went on to be the major forces in Cognitive and Behavior Therapy.
	www.terrap.com /DrHardy.htm (1504 words)

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