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	Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall (June 9, 1774–November 23, 1856) was an Austrian orientalist.
		Born Joseph von Hammer in Graz, Styria, he received his early education mainly in Vienna.
		Entering the diplomatic service in 1796, he was appointed in 1799 to a position in the Austrian embassy in Constantinople, and in this capacity he took part in the expedition under Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith and General Sir John Hely-Hutchinson against the French.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Joseph,_Freiherr_von_Hammer-Purgstall (519 words)

	Joseph, Baron von Hammer-Purgstall
		In 1796 he entered the Austrian diplomatic service as secretary in the ministry of foreign affairs, was appointed interpreter to the internuncio at Constantinople in 1799 and was sent from there to Egypt where he took part in as secretary in the campaign of the English and Turks against the French.
		Hammer also wrote a history of Turkish poetry, "Geschichte der osmanischen Diehtkunst" (Pest, 1836-3S, 4 vols.), and one of Arabic literature, "Literaturgeschichte der Araber" (Vienna, 1850-56, 7 vols), which to-day has little more than historic value.
		SCHLOTTMAN, Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (Zurich, 1857); AHLWARDT, Chalef Elahmars Quasside, nebst Wurdigung Joseph von Hammer als Arabistan (Greifswald, 1859).
	catholicity.com /encyclopedia/h/hammer-purgstall,joseph,baron_von.html (600 words)

	Iranica.com - HAMMER-PURGSTALL
		Hammer's studies were nearly all concerned with literature and history, which he did not regard as distinct fields, because, in his view, the culture, morality, and religion of a nation were most faithfully mirrored in its poetry.
		Joseph von Hammer's contributions to oriental studies were extraordinary, not only through their sheer volume, but also because he was often the first to deal with the subjects on which he wrote so extensively.
		Heinrich Friedrich von Diez, Unfug und Betrug in der morgenländischen Literatur nebst vielen hundert Proben von der groben Unwissenheit des Herrn von Hammer in Sprachen und Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1815.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v11f6/v11f6046.html (1340 words)

	The Enemy Ace Biography
		Because of his upbringing as a gentleman, Hans von Hammer was ingrained with a strong code of personal honor, which was impressed upon him by his father as more important than the sum total of all his lessons in arms and defense.
		Von Hammer spent much of his free time wandering the nearby Black Forest, often in the company of a silent, wild, fl wolf that von Hammer considered a kindred spirit and his only true friend.
		Von Hammer was perhaps the finest pilot of his time, with uncanny reflexes and instincts, and an almost inhuman ability to anticipate the actions of his adversaries in the air.
	www.geocities.com /Area51/Jupiter/3981/dcwar/enemyace.htm (1578 words)

	JOSEPH, FREIHERR VON HAMMER-PURGSTALL - LoveToKnow Article on JOSEPH, FREIHERR VON HAMMER-PURGSTALL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Von Hanimer-Purgstall did for Germany the same work that Sir William Jones (q.v.) did for England and Silvestre de Sacy for France.
		He was, like his younger but greater English contemporary, Edward William Lane, with whom he came into friendly conflict on the subject of the origin of The Thousand and One Nights, an assiduous worker, and in spite of many faults did more for oriental studies than most of his critics put together.
		Von Hammers principal work is his Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches (10 vols~, Pesth, 1827-1835).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HA/HAMMER_PURGSTALL_JOSEPH_FREIHERR_VON.htm (458 words)

	Military order - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One significant feature of the military orders is that clerical brothers could be, and indeed often were, subordinate to non-ordained brethren.
		Joseph von Hammer in 1818 compared the Christian military orders, in particular the Templars, with certain Islamic models such as the shiite sect of Assassins.
		In 1820 Jose Antonio Conde has suggested they were modelled on the ribat, a fortified religious institution which brought together a religious way of life with fighting the enemies of Islam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_order (745 words)

	joseph hammer - 3rd hammer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Joseph Hammer Hoffa's Man: The Rise and Fall of Jimmy Hoffa As Witnessed by His Strongest Arm Manufacturer:Simon and Schuster...
		Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall - definition of Joseph von...
		Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall (June 9, 1774 - November 23, 1856) was an Austrian orientalist.Born Joseph von Hammer in Graz, Styria, he...
	hammer.papmetro.info /dir5/joseph-hammer.html (299 words)

	The k.k. Oriental Academy in Vienna
		Rym von Estbeck, an Austrian, who went to Constantinople in 1569, informed the Court on the disadvantages of using translators from the Ottoman Empire and at the same time underlined the fact that it would be necessary to have Austrians educated as translators.
		The Jesuit father Josef Franz - an educator of Maria Theresias's son Joseph, the later emperor Joseph II.- became engaged with the draft of the project.
		In honor of the orientalist Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, the Österreichische Orientgesellschaft, which is also known as Hammer-Purgstall-Gesellschaft (HPG) was founded in 1958 in Dominikanerbastei 6, 1010 Vienna, where Middle Eastern languages are taught.
	www.otw.co.at /otw/index.php/e/a/112 (819 words)

	A History of the Knights Templar
		Most influental of these writers with a historical-religious purpose was Joseph von Hammer Purgstall, who in 1818 published a work called The Mystery of Baphomet Revealed.
		Hammer wanted to discredit the Freemasons, and attacked the 'Templar masons' in order to undermine the whole movement.
		Seals of Brother Otto of Brunswich, commander of Supplingenburg, shows a lion; that of William, Master of the Temple in Hungary and Slovonia, 1297, depicts a winged griffen; that of Bertram von Esbeck, Master of the Temple in Germany, 1296 depicts an eagle with two six pointed stars.
	freemasonry.bcy.ca /anti-masonry/templars.html (4930 words)

	HAMMER, FRIEDRICH JULI... - Online Information article about HAMMER, FRIEDRICH JULI...
		Die Bruder (1856), a number of unimportant romances, and the novel Einkehr and Umkehr (Leipzig, 1856); but his reputation rests upon his epigrammatic and didactic poems.
		primitive hammer being a stone, adds plausibility to this derivation.
		key, the striking of which throws the "hammer" against the strings.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GUI_HAN/HAMMER_FRIEDRICH_JULIUS_1810_18.html (1853 words)

	Review: The Ottoman Empire, 1300–1650: the Structure of Power
		His opening words, typically self-deprecatory: ‘[t]o write a general history of the Ottoman Empire is a foolhardy undertaking, and one that needs justification’, do not fill one with confidence.
		A plain, linear approach, à la Hammer and his successors down to the Shaws, obviously will not work; accordingly, in The Ottoman Empire 1300–1650, his approach is largely topical.
		Joseph von Hammer [-Purgstall], Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches, grossentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven (10 vols., Pest, 1827-35; repr.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/heywood.html (1713 words)

	Iranica.com - EMERSON
		His sources were almost exclusively two books by the German author Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall: Der Diwan von Mohammed Schemseddin Hafiz (Stuttgart and Tübingen, 1812-13) and Geschichte der schönen Redekünste Persiens (Vienna, 1818).
		Since his command of the German language was imperfect, he occasionally mistranslated (e.g., rendering a declarative mode as an interrogative).
		At least once he introduced an idea from von Hammer's commentary to eke out his translation.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v8f4/v8f458.html (1131 words)

	Iran Heritage Foundation
		Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall’s Historiography of Persian Literature and its Aftermath
		Vinzenz Ritter von Rosenzweig-Schwannau (1791–1865), August Graf von Platen (1796–1835) and Friedrich von Bodenstedt (1819–1892) represent not only three different approaches to Persian studies, but also were different characters, with different biographies, which in their turn, reflect strands and attitudes of their respective societies or the social strata they belonged to.
		Among scholars devoted to Iranian studies, Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall is, first of all, famous as the person who inspired Goethe to his West-östlicher Divan.
	www.iranheritage.com /hermitageconference/abstracts.htm (10114 words)

	DAWN - Features; December 4, 2002
		Isn’t it strange that it was introduced in Europe by Friedrich Rucker, a disciple of Joseph Von Hammer, who studied the symbolism of Ghazal and drank deep at the spiritual fountainhead, of its symbolism and immortalized Rumi through his translations.
		He even surpassed his master, Von Hammer, “by the greater accuracy of his scholarship, his finer and deeper insight, and his unrivalled lower of sympathetically reproducing in German the spirit of oriental poetry, according to Hastie.
		His rendering of certain Ghazals of Rumi in 1879 and 1822 are masterpieces of their kind in the fineness and delicacy of their form and a good number of orientalists believe that they have never been equalled by similar subsequent attempts.
	www.dawn.com /2002/12/04/fea.htm (1947 words)

	Pest Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Recognized pest control experts provide working pest management professionals with practical solutions and improved methods.
		Catholic Encyclopedia: Joseph, Baron Von Hammer-Purgstall Visit New Advent for the Summa Theologica, Church Fathers, Catholic Encyclopedia and more.
		Herbal Pest Control By J. Howard Garrett, this resource lists pests and other ailments with natural recipes to use against them.
	resourcereference.com /directory/encyclopedia/pest-encyclopedia.html (312 words)

	Iran Heritage Foundation
		In 1812/13 the Austrian diplomat and orientalist Joseph Baron von Hammer-Purgstall (1774-1856) published his German translations of the collected works of the classical Persian poet Hafis (1325-1389).
		As a poet he produced over 700 poems which are considered highlights of Persian literature.
		These translations immediately inspired Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to write the West-östlicher Divan (1819), a literary response to Hafis and the culture he represents.
	www.iranheritage.com /hafislieder (388 words)

	1001 Nights Vol 10 by Burton, Richard - Chapter 8
		VON HAMMER'S MS., AND THE TRANSLATIONS DERIVED FROM IT.
		Von Hammer made a French translation of the unpublished tales,
		Hammer was informed that they were about to be published in
	www.literaturepost.com /chapter/1640.html (16636 words)

	OBC3 ~Main Index Page
		Ancient Alphabets and Hieroglyphic Characters Explained with an Account of the Egyptian Priest, their classes, initiation, and sacrifices, in the Arabic language by Ahmad bin Abubekr bin Wahshih and in English by Joseph von Hammer, Secretary to the Imperial Legation at Constantinople, London 1806.
		Grand Cross of the Tarot One of the most curious issues concerning the Tarot is the "how and why" the 22 cards of the major arcana became enumerated.
		Seal of the Divine King This is the original and true Hagalaz illustrating the runic forms existing in divine consciousness.
	www.blackcrescent.org /OBC3.html (586 words)

	FUHRICH, JOSEPH VON (1... - Online Information article about FUHRICH, JOSEPH VON (1...
		Franz Joseph; 1875 is the date of his illustrations to the See also:
		marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
		His autobiography was published in 1875, and a memoir by his son See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /FRA_GAE/FUHRICH_JOSEPH_VON_1800_1876_.html (910 words)

	AGE OF MONGOLIAN EMPIRE:
		These included Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall's histories of the Mongols in Russia, and in Iran (1840 and 1841-1843)3, only fully superceded in recent decades.
		Less successful was a general history in English, by Henry H. Howorth (History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century, London: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1876-1927), since Howorth was unable to read his primary sources in the original languages.
		Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph von, Geschichte der Goldenen horde in Kiptschak : das ist: der Mongolen in Russland, etwa 1200-1500: mit ausfhrlichen Nachweisen, einem beschreibenden Übersicht der vierhundert Quellen, neun Beilagen, enthaltend Dokumente und Auszüge, und einem Namen-und Sachregister, Amsterdam, APA Philo, 1979 (1840), and Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph von, Geschichte der Ilchane, das ist der Mongolen in Persia.
	www.silk-road.com /newsletter/volumeonenumberone/age.html (7195 words)

	Other Voices 2.2 (March 2002), Jörg Waltje, "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Theory of Translation in the ...
		While Goethe's first poetry cycle, the Römische Elegien, was strongly influenced by the writer's interest in classical antiquity, the Divan was stimulated by Goethe's discovery of a Divan by the Persian poet Hafis, whom he had read in the translation by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall in 1814.
		In an interdisciplinary context and for comparatists, Goethe's ideas on the translatibility of texts (which he took for granted) and cultures will still provide a welcome stimulus for further discussion.
		Most of von Hammer's works also suggest a similar treatment of Oriental masterpieces.
	www.othervoices.org /2.2/waltje (1835 words)

	The Long Riders' Guild - Polish Quest page 2
		By the age of 27, the count had completed military service as a captain in the Austrian hussars and, as a veteran of the battle of Aspern against Napoleon, he knew cavalry.
		His Austrian links had led him into friendship with the distinguished Austrian diplomat and Orientalist Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, under whose tutelage the count had immersed himself in Middle Eastern studies in Vienna, Austria.
		Antuna Arida, a Lebanese monk and lecturer at the Oriental Academy in Vienna, had taught him Arabic.
	www.thelongridersguild.com /Polish-Quest2.htm (1348 words)

	Joseph Freiherr von Hammer Purgstall
		In the centre, the seated figure of the Colossi of Memmon, facing; around, the signs of the Zodiac.
		Notes: Joseph Freiherr von Hammer Purgstall (1774-1856) was an Orientalist and Arabist, having published widely in Arabic, Persian and Turkish.
		In 1799, he served as a diplomat in Constantinople, and thereafter took part in expeditions under Sir William Sydney Smith and General Hutchinson against the French in Egypt.
	www.christophereimer.co.uk /single/8580.html (306 words)

	Bibliography on Ottoman History
		Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (1774-1852) is especially worthy of mention as the first in this field to employ essentially modern research methods, a generation before Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886), whom European historians like to claim as the pioneer of those methods.
		Hammer, Joseph* von, Des osmanischen Reichs Staatsverfassung und Stastsverwaltung, 2 vols., Vienna, 1815; reprinted 1967
		Joseph Cuog, Paris, 1979 (reprint of an old translation).
	www.ata.boun.edu.tr /Student_Resources/B_Ottoman.html (8089 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Poetry made giant strides in the Süleymanic Age.
		The prominent historian of the Ottomans Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall writes that this period represented the highest achievement of Ottoman poetry.
		In his six-volume 'A History of Ottoman Poetry’, published in the early twentieth century, the British Orientalist E.J.W. Gibb refers to "its pre-eminence over earlier times" and explains that "at no time, even in Turkey, was greater encouragement given to poetry than during the reign of this Sultan."
	www.byegm.gov.tr /yayinlarimiz/NEWSPOT/1999/JulyAug/N6.htm (1128 words)

	Austrian Academy of Sciences
		It still took many years of negotiation before the Academy formally came into being, and the foundation in 1846 was formalised by an Imperial Patent on 14 May 1847.
		The first President of the Academy was Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, an orientalist, and Doppler was an early member of the Academy being elected in 1848.
		The Academy moved into permanent buildings in 1857.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/Societies/Austrian_Academy.html (369 words)

	LA VOIE LACTÉE: THE JOHANNITE LEGEND OF THE TEMPLARS (AntiqIllum RE/Mix) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		At first it will seem like a mere regurgitation of materials we have copy-pasted before.
		However, there are new elements, that we have added, like extensive quotes on Fabré-Palaprat, the Neo Templar Order and on Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall and Admiral Sydney-Smith, from Peter Partner's "The Murdered Magicians", and other places.
		These reveal the logic behind our conclusions that should be clear by the end of reading through the two PDF files included in this segment.
	www.antiqillum.com /texts/bg/Qadosh/qadosh093.htm (246 words)

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