
	Where results make sense

Topic: Josephson effect

Related Topics

Josephson junction

Josephson constant

Brian David Josephson

Meissner effect

Superconductivity

Qubit

History of superconductivity

Hall effect

Casimir effect

Flux pinning

Coherent state

Peltier effect

Kerr effect

Pockels effect

Quantum operation

In the News (Thu 26 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	LNE, Quantum metrology : the josephson effect, Research and Development
		The Josephson effect [1] is one of the notable effects of
		DC Josephson effect: If no voltage is applied to the junction terminals, a direct current - a current of Cooper pairs Ij, - flows through the junction up to a critical value Ic, which depends on the geometry, temperature and magnetic field (Fig.2a).
		Development of voltage standards based on the Josephson effect is closely linked to the advances in junction manufacture and nanotechnologies (nanofabrication techniques such as thin layer deposition and microlithography).
	www.lne.fr /en/r_and_d/electrical_metrology/josephson_effect_ej.shtml (1369 words)

	SQUID Magnetometer and Josephson Junctions
		Parallel Josephson junctions are used in SQUID devices for the detection of minute magnetic fields.
		In the DC Josephson effect, a current proportional to the phase difference of the wavefunctions can flow in the junction in the absence of a voltage.
		In the AC Josephson effect, a Josephson junction will oscillate with a characteristic frequency which is proportional to the voltage across the junction.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/solids/squid.html (604 words)

	Brian David Josephson
		Josephson is one of the most well-known advocates of the possibility of the existence of paranormal phenomena.
		The second effect is even more peculiar, showing that a constant difference of voltage across the barrier results in a high-frequency tunnel current in the microwave range.
		Josephson's theoretical predictions were confirmed by experiments within a year or so and have had a strong influence on developments in physics in recent years.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/josephson.html (827 words)

	Brian David Josephson Biography \| scit_07123456_package.xml
		Brian Josephson is as well known for his contributions to physics as he is for his beliefs that physics must also explain extrasensory perception and paranormal phenomena.
		Josephson first came to the attention of the scientific community when he was still an under-graduate at Cambridge University.
		Josephson predicted that when two parallel superconducting wires were separated by a thin layer of a non-superconducting material (an insulator), an electric current would begin to flow between the two superconductors.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/brian-david-josephson-scit-07123456 (600 words)

	Josephson effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We see the Josephson Effect through a flow of electric current as electron pairs, called Cooper pairs, between two superconducting materials that are separated by an extremely thin insulator.
		The current flow is known as the Josephson current and the quantum tunneling of the insulator by the Cooper pairs is the Josephson effect.
		This effect is used for the representation and maintenance of the SI voltage, where an alternating phase is induced by radiation of microwaves with a well-known frequency onto the Josephson junction.
	josephson-effect.iqnaut.net (506 words)

	Physics Today July 2001
		Josephson immediately set to work extending the calculation to a situation in which both sides of the barrier were superconducting.
		As Josephson explained it to me, "Bardeen's basic error was to ignore the non-locality inherent in the Gor'kov theory, and to assume a local connection between the potential and the pairing." There remained, however, a point of contention.
		They succeeded, confirming that it was indeed the Josephson effect by testing, among other things, the magnetic-field dependence of the supercurrent (see figure 2a.) In January 1963, Anderson and Rowell submitted their paper "Probable Observation of the Josephson Superconducting Tunneling Effect" for publication.
	www.aip.org /pt/vol-54/iss-7/p46.html (4120 words)

	Brian David Josephson
		British physicist whose discovery of the Josephson effect while a 22-year-old graduate student won him a share (with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever) of the 1973 Nobel Prize for Physics.
		While still an undergraduate, Josephson became interested in superconductivity, and he began to explore the properties of a junction between two superconductors that later came to be known as a Josephson junction.
		Josephson extended earlier work in tunneling, the phenomenon by which electrons functioning as radiated waves can penetrate solids, done by Esaki and Giaever.
	physics.nobel.brainparad.com /brian_david_josephson.html (422 words)

	07.31.97 - Quantum vibrations seen in superfluidhelium-3, confirming a fundamental prediction of quantum mechanics
		Detection of the so-called Josephson effect in superconductors garnered the Nobel Prize for Josephson in 1973, and the phenomenon is used today in various electronic devices, including the world's most sensitive detectors of magnetic fields, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs).
		While Josephson junctions have had application in the detection of minute magnetic fields, such as those produced by the human brain, the quantum oscillations in superfluids may not have immediate application, the researchers say.
		Anderson, Josephson and Feynman made their predictions in the early 1960s based on a generalization from mathematical descriptions of the Josephson effect.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/97legacy/whistle.html (1594 words)

	Liquid Helium Mimics a Superconductor
		The Josephson effect is exploited in the superconducting quantum Interference device (SQUID), which is the essential part of ultrasensitive commercial brain scanners, precision position sensors, and advanced magnetic field detectors.
		According to the Josephson effect, each value of the pressure corresponds to a specific "Josephson frequency." They found that the net flow dramatically increased when the pressure corresponded to a Josephson frequency matching a mechanical resonance in the chamber.
		The analogous superconductivity effect was observed long ago, but this experiment shows that a critical part of the helium SQUID is workable: The amount of fluid flow at the resonant frequencies can be measured very precisely and gives information on important parameters of the system, based on simple equations.
	focus.aps.org /story/v2/st9 (726 words)

	What is Josephson junction? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: Josephson effect, Josephson tunneling, Josephson ...
		A Josephson junction is made up of two superconductors, separated by a nonsuperconducting layer so thin that electrons can cross through the insulating barrier.
		The flow of current between the superconductors in the absence of an applied voltage is called a Josephson current, and the movement of electrons across the barrier is known as Josephson tunneling.
		The Josephson effect is influenced by magnetic fields in the vicinity, a capacity that enables the Josephson junction to be used in devices that measure extremely weak magnetic fields, such as superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs).
	searchsmb.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci815055,00.html (372 words)

	Fate of the Josephson effect in thin-film superconductors : Abstract : Nature Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Fate of the Josephson effect in thin-film superconductors
		Josephson effect refers to the dissipationless electrical current—the supercurrent—that can be sustained across a weak link connecting two bulk superconductors.
		Remarkably, the Josephson effect is absent at non-zero temperature.
	www.nature.com /nphys/journal/v1/n2/abs/nphys154.html (321 words)

	LNE, Quantum metrological : quantum hall effect, Research and Development
		Over the last 20 years, work on the quantum effects of electron transport has shown the feasibility of replacing material standards with more stable and reproducible quantum standards and has made quantum electrical metrology possible.
		LNE is also carrying out innovative studies on programmable Josephson arrays and on the development of Hall bar arrays using advanced lithography techniques.
		A quantum current standard (based on the single-electron tunnelling effect) is also being finalized in the context of the metrological triangle experiment, which consists in developing a quantum Ohm's law from the three effects (JE, QHE and SET).
	www.lne.fr /en/r_and_d/electrical_metrology/quantum_electrical_metrology.shtml (341 words)

	[No title]
		Besides its current practical applications, the Josephson junction is important from a physical point of view because it has been the first device showing quantum mechanical effects on a macroscopic scale.
		The behavior of a Josephson junction can be modeled by a simple equivalent circuit consisting of the parallel connection of a resistance R, a capacitance C and a Josephson supercurrent Ic sin(phi), where phi is the phase difference of the wavefunctions of the Cooper pairs across the junction.
		The circuit is assumed to be current biased (using a dc and an rf bias) and the voltage V across the junction is proportional to the time derivative of the phase phi.
	ccl.northwestern.edu /netlogo/community/josephson-cooperative.nlogo (2600 words)

	Session C26 - Superconducting Proximity Effect.
		The Josephson effect was studied as a function of the separation between two nanowires.
		The observation of the Josephson effect for a gap as large as 100 nm indicates the existence of an anomalously large proximity effect.(R. Decca, H. Drew, E. Osquiguil, B. Maiorov, and J. Guimpel, Phys.
		We consider the proximity effect in the Cooper limit where the thicknesses of the normal and superconducting regions are smaller than the size of the Cooper pair.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR01/MAR01/abs/S1060.html (2312 words)

	Josephson Effect - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Josephson Effect - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Josephson Effect, the flow of electric current, in the form of electron pairs (called Cooper pairs), between two superconducting materials that are...
		Voltage standards, such as standard electric cells, are calibrated in terms of the volt derived from the Josephson effect, and standard resistors are...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Josephson_Effect.html (137 words)

	The Josephson effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It occurs throughout a single superconductor, and it occurs between the superconductors in a Josephson junction.
		A Josephson junction is an superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) layer structure placed between two electrodes.
		One of the characteristics of a Josephson junction is that as the temperature is lowered, superconducting current flows through it even in the absence of voltage between the electrodes, part of the Josephson effect.
	www.nonlocal.com /hbar/josephsoneffect.html (132 words)

	FUNDAMENTALS OF SUPERCONDUCTORS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Josephson discovered that if two superconducting metals were separated by a thin insulating barrier such as an oxide layer 10 to 20 angstroms thick, it is possible for electron pairs to pass through the barrier without resistance.
		This is known as the dc Josephson Effect, and is contrary to what happens in ordinary materials, where a potential difference must exist for a current to flow.
		Josephson junction has a critical current density which is characteristic of junction material and geometry.
	www.physik.uni-hamburg.de /home/vms/reimer/htc/pt3.html (2761 words)

	Josephson effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Josephson effect is the phenomenon of current flow across two superconductors weakly coupled, separated by a very thin insulating barrier for example.
		governing the dynamics of the Josephson effect are
		is the magnetic flux quantum, the inverse of which is the Josephson constant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Josephson_effect (337 words)

	JOSEPHSON EFFECT THROUGH A LUTTINGER LIQUID (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab3.cs.columbia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At zero temperature, the Josephson critical current is found to decay algebraically with increasing distance between the junctions.
		These parity effects are studied for the ring, coupled capacitively to a gate-voltage and threaded by a magnetic flux.
		The Josephson current changes continuously as a function of the gate voltage and stepwise as a function of the magnetic flux.
	flux.aps.org.cob-web.org:8888 /meetings/BAPSMAR95/abs/SE1708.html (183 words)

	News - High-tech helium tricks may benefit earth and space
		The Josephson effect was first predicted in 1962 by Nobel Prize Laureate Brian Josephson.
		But with the Josephson effect, when pressure is applied, fluids begin to oscillate back and forth, or up and down, at a rate in direct proportion to the pressure difference.
		The Josephson effect had been observed in superconductors in 1963, then in isotope helium-3 in 1987, but it has eluded researchers for 35 years in helium-4.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/2001/helium_tricks.html (593 words)

	Magnetic flux quantum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The quantum of magnetic flux is a physical constant, as it is independent of the underlying material as long as it is a superconductor.
		The Josephson constant is the inverse of the quantum of magnetic flux:
		The magnetic flux quantum may be measured with great precision by exploiting the Josephson effect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Josephson_constant (445 words)

	Spielman, Ian Bairstow (2004-05-10) Evidence for the Josephson effect in quantum hall bilayers. ...
		Spielman, Ian Bairstow (2004-05-10) Evidence for the Josephson effect in quantum hall bilayers.
		This bilayer state is theoretically expected to be an excitonic superfluid with an associated dissipationless current and Josephson effect.
		Although reminiscent of the DC Josephson effect, the tunneling discontinuity has a finite extent even at the lowest temperatures (the peak in conductance, dI/dV, is strongly temperature dependent even below 15 mK.
	etd.caltech.edu /etd/available/etd-05192004-092920 (337 words)

	Session H20 - Josephson Junctions and Josephson Junction Arrays.
		In addition to the Josephson effect, STM S/I/S junctions on Pb fims show an enhancement of the quasiparticle current at eV=\Delta, which we attribute to a multi-particle tunneling process.
		Nevertheless the data cannot be explained by this theory, but might reflect the effect of the environment on the statistics of the current fluctuations.
		An extensive study of the effect of the environment is in progress, to understand why the standard theory of fluctuations fails to explain the behavior of the third moment in tunnel junctions.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR03/MAR03/baps/abs/S3000.html (1656 words)

	Brian David Josephson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brian David Josephson (born Cardiff, Wales, UK, January 4, 1940) is a British physicist whose discovery of the Josephson effect as a 22-year-old graduate student won him the 1973 Nobel Prize for Physics, which he shared with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever.
		He is currently a professor at the University of Cambridge where he is the head of the mind-matter unification project in the Theory of Condensed Matter research group.
		Josephson is also a supporter of David Bohm's notion of implicate order and that it may someday lead to the inclusion of God within the framework of science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brian_David_Josephson (210 words)

	Superconductor Terms
		Discovered in 1879, the Hall effect was named for its discoverer Edwin H. Hall, a graduate student at Johns Hopkins University.
		It has been theorized that the Josephson Effect arises from the incoherent phase relationships between superconducting electrons in the two (separated) superconductors.
		In Type 2 superconductors carrying high-frequency alternating current, "skin effect" losses also result as the energy tends to migrate to the surface where the conductive medium is incontiguous, producing a pseudo-resistance.
	superconductors.org /terms.htm (4425 words)

	Josephson Effect In ^4He (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab3.cs.columbia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We present data indicating the first experimental observation of the Joesephson effect in ^4He.
		Our resonance frequency data clearly shows the crossover from superfluid potential flow to a mass flow described by the Josephson equations as the lambda point is approached.
		Full Josephson behavior occurs at a temperature where the coherence length is on the order of the slit width.
	flux.aps.org.cob-web.org:8888 /meetings/YR01/MAR01/abs/S4180004.html (137 words)

	Josephson Effect
		If a thin insulating barrier between two superconductors (a Josephson junction) is cooled in liquid helium to 4.2 K and exposed to electromagnetic radiation of frequency, f, then the DC voltage across the junction V
		The Josephson constant is believed to be equal to the ratio h/2e where h is Planck’s constant and e is the electronic charge.
		In January 1990 a value of 483597.9 GHz/V was adopted for the Josephson constant in SI units with a relative 1
	www.npl.co.uk /electromagnetic/dclf/voltres/josephson_effect.html (195 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)