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Topic: Joules law

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Constant of proportionality

Heat transfer

James Prescott Joule

James Joule

Conservation of energy

Electric bulb

Thermal radiation

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	Edge: HOW FAST, HOW SMALL, AND HOW POWERFUL?
		Now Moore's Law is being written off again because people say that the insulating barriers between wires in computers are getting to be only a few atoms thick, and when you have an insulator that's only a few atoms thick then electrons can tunnel through them and it's not a very good insulator.
		So you've got ten to the 17th joules, and H-bar, the quantum scale, is ten to the minus 34 joules per second, roughly.
		I have ten to the 17th joules, I divide by ten to the minus 34 joules-seconds, and I have the number of ops: ten to the 51 ops per second.
	www.edge.org /3rd_culture/lloyd/lloyd_p4.html (872 words)

	THERMODYNAMICS - LoveToKnow Article on THERMODYNAMICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It follows from the first law that the intrinsic energy of a substance in a given state must always be the same, or that the change of E in any transformation must depend only on the initial and final states, and not on the path or process.
		He remarks that the law according to which the motive power of heat varies at different points of the thermometric scale is intimately connected with that of the variations of the specific heats of gases at different temperaturesa law which experiment has not yet made known to us with sufficient exactness.
		Joules experiments on the equivalence of W and H were not sufficiently precise to decide the question.
	18.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TH/THERMODYNAMICS.htm (10122 words)

	HEAT - LoveToKnow Article on HEAT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Joule was also the first to measure directly the amount of heat liberated by the compression of a gas, and to prove that heat was not merely rendered latent, but disappeared altogether as heat, when a gas did work in expansion.
		Joule measured the corresponding heats of combustion, and showed that the electromotive force corresponding to a chemical reaction is proportional to the heat of combustion of the electrochemical equivalent.
		The laws which govern dissociation are the same fundamental laws of thermodynamics, but the relations involved are necessarily more complex on account of the presence of different kinds of molecules, and present special difficulties for accurate investigation in the case where dissociation does not begin to be appreciable until a high temperature is reached.
	48.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HE/HEAT.htm (19980 words)

	Stefan-Boltzmann law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The law was discovered experimentally by Jožef Stefan (1835-1893) in 1879 and derived theoretically, using thermodynamics, by Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906) in 1884.
		Stefan published this law on March 20 in the article Über die Beziehung zwischen der Wärmestrahlung und der Temperatur (On the relationship between thermal radiation and temperature) in the Bulletins from the sessions of the Vienna Academy of Sciences.
		The Stefan-Boltzmann law can be easily derived by integrating the emitted intensity from the surface of a fl body given by Planck's law of fl body radiation over the half-sphere into which it is emitted, and over all frequencies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stefan-Boltzmann_law (748 words)

	Planck's law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Planck's law, discovered by Max Planck, is the basis of the quantum theory of electromagnetism.
		The law states that the energy associated with electromagnetic radiation comes in indivisible packets called quanta, each of which is associated with a single photon.
		Using SI units, energy is measured in joules, frequency is measured in hertz, and Planck's constant has the unit joule seconds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Planck's_law (144 words)

	The law of conservation of energy (11-Sep-2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The law of conservation of energy: The total amount of energy in the universe is constant, although energy can be transformed from one form to another.
		The basic unit of energy is the joule, and the basic unit of power is the watt.
		The leftover 2,000 megawatts is inevitably produced as leftover heat as shown by the second law of thermodynamics.
	www-formal.stanford.edu /jmc/progress/firstlaw.html (1025 words)

	The Tom Bearden Website
		In addition to the second law of thermodynamics being terribly flawed (it's an oxymoron implicitly assuming its own contradiction has first occurred), there is also a fundamental error in thermodynamics in the formulation of the first law.
		In the first law, it is assumed that a change in the magnitude of an external parameter (in an EM system, e.g., some external parameters are the scalar potential and the field) is work.
		Newton's first law requires and prescribes perpetual motion, once an entity is placed in any state of motion (including rest or zero motion), until the moving entity is acted on by an external force to change it.
	www.cheniere.org /correspondence/031903a.htm (2082 words)

	Creationism and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Science and Anticreationist Misconstruals
		Thus, entropy is not measured in “joules” (a measure of energy) but in “joules per Kelvin.” (Kelvin is a measure of temperature, with 0 Kelvin being absolute zero.) An implication of the second law is the “entropy principle” in which there is a general tendency for entropy to increase.
		Keeping in mind that the first law says that the quantity of energy is constant, if we extrapolate into the past there would be a point where the total energy equals the amount of available energy [2].
		If the laws are to apply throughout the universe’s existence and if the universe were infinitely old, entropy would have claimed the universe and there would indeed be no energy able to perform useful work.
	www.angelfire.com /mn2/tisthammerw/science/2ndlaw.html (2714 words)

	James Joule - CreationWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		As a child, Joule was introverted and physically weak, and suffered from a disorder of the spine.
		The Joule is equal to 1 watt-second, and 3600 joules is 1 watt-hour.
		Joule’s principle of energy conservation formed the basis of the First Law of Thermodynamics.
	www.nwcreation.net /wiki/index.php?title=James_Joule (441 words)

	Heat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In this paper, which laid the foundation for the science of thermodynamics, Carnot set forth the second law of thermodynamics: "production of motive power is due not to an actual consumption of caloric, but to its transportation form a warm body to a cold body, i.e.
		Understanding this difference is a necessary part of understanding the first law of thermodynamics.
		Total heat is traditionally abbreviated as Q, and is measured in joules in SI units.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heat (2465 words)

	Physics
		Second Law of Motion: The rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional to the force applied and takes place in the direction of the force.
		Zeroth Law: Suppose that of three bodies A, B, and C, bodies A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with body C, then bodies A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
		Lord Kelvin and Max Planck's statement of the Second Law: It is impossible to construct a device operating in a cycle for the sole purpose of extracting heat from a reservoir and changing it into an equal amount of work without rejecting a part of the heat.
	www.idlex.freeserve.co.uk /idle/evolution/physics.html (521 words)

	Power and Energy concepts for students and educators.
		A Joule is officially the amount of energy required to exert a force of 1 Newton through a distance of 1 meter.
		A Joule is not a whole lot of energy, unless you're a bug or a hummingbird, then it's plenty.
		The First Law tells us the energy is still around, but after being turned into useful kinetic energy of the moving train, the energy, all of the energy, through friction, becomes low-grade thermal energy that simply can't be reused.
	www.ftexploring.com /~ftexplor/energy/power_1.html (1503 words)

	Boyles Law
		law the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas were measured at several different pressures.
		Law (gas cools off when it expands and heats up when it is compressed) or some variant.
		Law : Pressure is inversely proportional to the volume: We can plot the data as a graph: We can see that the data fit into a pattern called a...
	www.twofivesix.co.uk /boyles_law.html (289 words)

	Luboš Motl's reference frame: Deviations from Newton's law seen?
		Because they are so careful and the implied assertion would be revolutionary (or, alternatively, looking spectacularly dumb), they intend to increase the effect to "8 sigma" or so and construct different and complementary experiments to test the same effect which could take a year or two (or more...) before the paper is published.
		Volts is defined as such an electrical potential difference that one Joules of energy shall be gained or lost should one Coloumbs of charge move through that much electrical potential difference.
		Joules is defines as the kinetic energy of gained of moving one meter under the pushing force of one Newton.
	motls.blogspot.com /2005/06/deviations-from-newtons-law-seen.html (1724 words)

	The Second Law of Thermodynamics. by Brig Klyce
		The second law is a straightforward law of physics with the consequence that, in a closed system, you can't finish any real physical process with as much useful energy as you had to start with — some is always wasted.
		The second law was formulated after nineteenth century engineers noticed that heat cannot pass from a colder body to a warmer body by itself.
		Yet in his section entitled "Second Law of Thermodynamics," he says that as a thermodynamic system is put into contact with another one at a lower temperature, and thermal equilibrium is reached, the total entropy of the combined ensemble "stays constant" (p 99).
	www.panspermia.org /seconlaw.htm (4988 words)

	Notes from Under Sky
		By the first law of thermodynamics, which says that energy is conserved, whatever energy one plate gains, the other must lose.
		In contrast, for the hotter plate to give up 6 joules to the cooler plate, it has to lose an entropy of 0.01 joules per kelvin, whereas the cooler plate gains an entropy of 0.02 joules per kelvin, resulting in a net gain in entropy of 0.01 joules per kelvin.
		You may argue that the principle behind the two is similar, hence the second law should hold in both cases, but you can argue until you're blue in the face, it still doesn't make it so.
	astro.isi.edu /notes/design.html (1294 words)

	Chapter 8 Questions
		The first law of thermodynamics is a re-statement of the law of conservation of a.
		During a process, 10 joules of work are performed on a system, while the system gives off 5 joules of heat.
		is a restatement of the law of conservation of energy.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /AnS/physics/panvini/p110b/ch8.html (686 words)

	James Prescott Joule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Joule was tutored as a young man by the famous scientist John Dalton (English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory and the law of partial pressures; gave the first description of red-green color blindness (1766-1844))
		Joule was proposing a kinetic theory of heat (he believed it to be a form of rotational, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
		Joule determined experimentally to be required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1° Fahrenheit, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/james_prescott_joule (2022 words)

	ELECTROKINETICS - LoveToKnow Article on ELECTROKINETICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Since by Ohms law E = Ri, where R is the resistance of the circuit, it follows that the energy dissipated as heat per unit of time in any circuit is numerically represented by Rif, and therefore the resistance is measured by the heat produced per unit of current, provided the current is unvarying.
		This is known as Joules law, and it follows, as already shown, as an immediate consequence of Ohms law and the fact that the power dissipated electrically in a conductor, when an electromotive force E is applied to its extremities, producing thereby a current I in it, is equal to El.
		This law, together with that of Laplace already mentioned, viz, that the magnetic force due to an element of length dS of a current I at a distance r, the element making an angle 0 with the radius vector o is IdS sin 0/r2, constitute the fundamental laws of electrokinetics.
	www.1911ency.org /E/EL/ELECTROKINETICS.htm (7573 words)

	Energy, Entropy, Economics, and Ecology
		Following the second law, some of the energy is degraded in the process and is shown as 'used energy' leaving through the heat sink, incapable of further work.
		For example, one joule of solar energy has a smaller ability to do work then one joule of energy contained in coal, since the coal energy is more concentrated than the solar energy.
		The laws of thermodynamics are relevant to the economy because economic activity is entropic.
	www.dieoff.com /page17.htm (9313 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		An example of newton's second law that i've seen today was a little boy in the grocery store increase his walking speed as his older brother pushed him from behind.
		Newton's Law of gravity and the laws of motion, was important to finding a solution to this problem.
		Newton's laws dealing with gravity and motion was used throughout the analysis of this research and computer simulation models.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~carm/Lab3/Lab3.html (454 words)

	Multiwavelength MW - Radiation Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The law says, for example, if you double an object's temperature, the amount of energy it releases increases by a factor of 16.
		The Stefan-Boltzmann law is named after two Austrian physicists, Josef Stefan and Ludwig Boltzmann.
		If an object peaks in the ultraviolet portion of the electromagetic spectrum, more of its emitted radiation is on the violet/blue end of the visible spectrum than on the red end, so we see the object as being blue in color.
	adc.gsfc.nasa.gov /mw/mmw_bbody.html (455 words)

	Westburn Publishers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		For many of those working in the social science, a source of great frustration is the lack of those laws which govern functions and states in the physical sciences.
		But, if this freedom from formal laws is not to be abused, then it is incumbent upon social scientists, and all of those involved in the academic side of business and marketing, to question constantly the foundations on which our work is based.
		Not only is it vital that we look forward to explore and examine new topics, it is essential that we look backwards, so to speak, to ensure that what we thought, at some point in history (and, at the time, was widely accepted as the “truth”) is still valid.
	www.westburn.co.uk /search.cfm?do=displayresults&article=901 (171 words)

	SatMet - The Electromagnetic Spectrum
		She thought, "What a perfect problem for my intelligent students!" Picking up one of the tasty candies, she carefully measures the wavelength of one of the colors at 600 nm: boy is she ever smart!
		Her question is: how many joules of energy are contained in a photon with a wavelength of 600 nm?
		Also, we are given the frequencies emitted by the visible spectrum, from red to violet.
	cimss.ssec.wisc.edu /satmet/modules/spectrum/problems.html (754 words)

	Untitled Document
		An example of this law is if I were to play with a yo-yo.
		Newton’s second law of motion states that: an object is accelerated whenever a net external force acts on it.
		An example of this law would be if I were to witness a car accident.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~mmkline/lab3/lab3.html (709 words)

	Rocky Mountain News: Local
		Law enforcement leaders say if Tasers weren't available, though, deadlier force would be used more.
		The lesser pulse power, rated in units of "joules per pulse," is the key in the weapon's effect on a person's heart, Tuttle said.
		To cause cardiac defibrillation, 360 joules per pulse is required, Tuttle said.
	www.rockymountainnews.com /drmn/local/article/0,1299,DRMN_15_4901653,00.html (690 words)

	[No title]
		When this law is extended to include energy in the form of heat and thermodynamic work it is called the first law of thermodynamics.
		From the first law of thermodynamics we already know that the maximum mechanical energy output cannot be more than the energy input from the heat source (you don't get something for nothing!).
		This means that the first law of thermodynamics for a cyclic process is W = dQ; the work done in a cycle is equal to the net heat flow into the cycle.
	physics.ius.edu /~kyle/P310/FandSL.html (4076 words)

	ChemTeam: Gas Law - Ideal Gas Law
		The Ideal Gas Law was first written in 1834 by Emil Clapeyron.
		Note that the last law is written in reciprocal form.
		This is a very common use of this law and the odds are very good you will see this type of question on a test.
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/GasLaw/Gas-Ideal.html (577 words)

	Physics Equations Table of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Law of Conservation of Momentum: Two Object Collide Elastically; Two Objects Collide Inelastically; Momentum for a Particle That Divides.
		Laws of Strings: Law of Lengths; Law of Diameters; Law of Tensions; Law of Densities.
		Index of Refraction: Transparent Substance; Snell’s Law; Critical Angle; Ratio of the Wavelength in Two Different Media; Ratio of the Speed of Light in Two Different Media; Relationship b/wWavelengths and Indices of Refraction.
	home.elp.rr.com /rcasao/equation_table_of_contents.htm (1022 words)

	Joule
		This is a very rare original of the famous paper where Joule established the basis for electric power and the first announcement of Joules law, one of the fundamental laws of electricity.
		Joule's discovery of the universality of the conversion between electrical and thermal energy, a landmark in itself, led directly to the dramatically important law of the conservation of all energy.
		The International unit of energy, the joule, is named in his honor.
	www.sparkmuseum.com /BOOK_JOULE.HTM (92 words)

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