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Topic: Journalism sourcing

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	Journalism sourcing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In journalism and public relations, an embargo (sometimes called a press embargo) is an agreement or request that a news organization refrain from reporting certain information until a specified date and/or time, in exchange for advance access to the information.
		Some courts have upheld the sanctity of the informal privacy agreement between a journalist and his/her sources as a matter of unofficial confidence, in the belief that the confidential nature of the journalist-source relationship underpins the existence of a free press.
		Communications between a source and a journalist can be governed by a number of terms of use, which have developed over time between journalists and their sources, often government or other high-profile sources, as informal agreements regarding how the information will be used, and whether the identity of the source will be protected.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Background_(journalism) (2013 words)

	First Draft by Tim Porter: According to This Reporter: Sources and Accountability
		Anonymous sources - or anonymice, to borrow a coinage from Shafer, who borrowed it from elsewhere - by nature lack accountability, making the stories based on their words and the journalists who resort to them equally bereft of responsibility.
		The Elements of Journalism states that the essence of journalism "is a discipline of verification." The purpose of putting sources in news stories is to make the verification process transparent, to show the reader the basis for all facts, assertions and opinions in the story.
		If a reporter writes a story without anonymous sources, but instead fills with declarations in his own voice the places where "sources said" would appear, it is the reporter who will be proven correct or incorrect as history trudges onward and on-the-record sources eventually emerge from hiding, as they always do.
	www.timporter.com /firstdraft/archives/000324.html (1158 words)

	Innovative Sourcing
		Sourcing strategies cannot be built in a few days or weeks, nor is there a magic set of tools that make the process effortless.
		This process is almost identical to the one you should follow for sourcing great candidates.
		Sourcing is really about upfront legwork and intelligence gathering, and it's ultimately about developing a network that continuously supplies you the great people you need.
	www.glresources.com /articles_view.php?id=208 (888 words)

	Journalism.org - Research, Resources and Ideas to Improve Journalism
		The second edition of the Project for Excellence in Journalism's annual report tracking and analyzing the epochal transformation of the American news media as it happens.
		A new PEJ study of the news media finds men are cited as sources much more often than women on a wide range of topics.
		News people are concerned over business pressures and the direction of U.S. journalism, a new PEJ/Pew Research Center survey finds.
	www.journalism.org (469 words)

	USATODAY.com - 'Deep Throat' is out in the open, and so is the sourcing debate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Vanity Fair's disclosure that journalism's most famous confidential source, Watergate's "Deep Throat," is former FBI official Mark Felt comes as media outlets crack down on the use of unidentified sources and as the government is threatening reporters with jail unless they disclose their sources.
		Ross says is it ironic that at a time when Deep Throat is being championed as one of the better moments in American journalism, prosecutors increasingly are going to court to force reporters to divulge their sources.
		That's the specter facing Time magazine reporter Matt Cooper and New York Times reporter Judy Miller, both of whom have refused to disclose their sources in the case in which the government is trying to find out who leaked the identity of an undercover CIA officer.
	www.usatoday.com /life/columnist/mediamix/2005-06-05-media-mix_x.htm (985 words)

	PressThink: News Comes in Code: Judy Miller's Return to the Times
		Miller claims that Fitzgerald was not willing to limit her testimony to one source and one story, as he did for others, and Lewis Libby did not give her a personal waiver, as he did for others, so she could not negotiate a way out, as did others.
		Sources who say what friends of the principal says are not sources; they are people who heard something third-hand.
		These are desparate times in journalism and the actions of the New York Times over the past few years mirrors the industry as a whole: confusion over the change and acts of desparation on stemming the loss of readers and prestige.
	journalism.nyu.edu /pubzone/weblogs/pressthink/2005/10/04/tms_pst.html (14547 words)

	Woodward's outing shows change in sourcing - Boston.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Bob Woodward's name is synonymous with anonymous sources, "Deep Throat" and reporting that uncovered a scandal that brought down a presidency.
		Woodward's name is synonymous with anonymous sources, "Deep Throat" and reporting that uncovered a scandal that brought down a presidency.
		Woodward's recent success in journalism and the book world has been defined by his ability to get high-level administration officials to talk, often with the promise that their words will not show up in daily print but rather months down the road in bound pages.
	www.boston.com /news/science/articles/2005/11/17/woodwards_outing_shows_change_in_sourcing (744 words)

	TomDispatch - Tomgram: Yellow Journalism in Washington
		A reading of the Shanker and Schmitt piece does not reveal whether either journalist actually laid eyes on the plan they were describing; certainly, as their sources described it to them, it sounded like a remarkably empty, even laughable, set of "classified directives" to make the front-page.
		Okrent issued a challenge of his own to the five largest papers and the Associated Press to "jointly agree not to cover group briefings conducted by government officials and other political figures who refuse to allow their names to be used." And then life went on.
		much of prewar mainstream journalism a stalking horse for the administration's mad policies and outlandish interpretations of reality is still alive and kicking.
	www.tomdispatch.com /index.mhtml?pid=1897 (2801 words)

	Exegesis: 04.2004
		Being in a journalism program right now gives me some perspective on this (although I make no claims that Stanford is representative of all journalism schools in the country.) We seem to be straddling a line between old print media and new media, with few crossovers in between.
		The primary role of journalism in the mass media is to convey information, often to voters, so people can make informed decisions within a limited scope of possible action (ie: voting.) A blogging journalism, as a participatory medium, is more of a discursive form of communication.
		I would argue that it the mainstream press still largely sets the “news agenda,” and blogs are still reliant on this primary source reporting as a starting point for deliberation, but they extend the conversation further, set new paths for political communication, and serve as a check on the mass-media.
	dkreiss.blogspot.com /2004_04_01_dkreiss_archive.html (10320 words)

	American Journalism Review
		There was fabricator Janet Cooke in 1980, who, by using unnamed sources as the foundation for a made-up Pulitzer winner about an 8-year-old heroin addict, singlehandedly deflated the anonymity legend her paper had built.
		The "trial of the century" hit a roadblock after a TV reporter broadcast a report from an anonymous source that blood on a sock in the former football star's Brentwood mansion matched that of his murdered ex-wife.
		Howell's approach is "You can hide a source from readers, but you don't hide a source from me." When the issue does come up, as it does from time to time, she's got rigid rules.
	www.ajr.org /Article.asp?id=3058 (3439 words)

	Journalism.org - Reports & Surveys- Box Scores and Bylines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		First, we looked at how transparent the sourcing was—has the story identified the source and its relationship to the story.
		Withholding columns, sports news stories were less likely than those from other sections of the newspaper to contain the highest level of sourcing.
		Sources in stories like game recaps are generally used to punctuate points and drive home the thrust of the writer’s piece, not raise issues.
	www.journalism.org /resources/research/reports/sports/sourcing.asp (730 words)

	Covering Crime and Justice -- Journalism Ethics: Page 4
		Most media ethics guidelines caution against the use of anonymous sources, and some prohibit the use of an unnamed source who makes a specific criticism against another individual.
		In the 1990s, a number of media companies launched initiatives – under the rubric of diversity or equity – to expand its usual-suspect, white male sourcing tendencies to better reflect population demographics.
		Many view awareness of gender and racing in sourcing as an ethics issue, including Gannett, which mounted an aggressive campaign to seek out non-white sources.
	www.justicejournalism.org /crimeguide/chapter06/chapter06_pg04.html (1236 words)

	CJR September/October 2005 - Beyond Deep Throat
		What was the role of anonymous sourcing in The Final Days, Woodward and Bernstein’s behind-the-scenes account of the end of Richard Nixon’s presidency, which encouraged subsequent efforts to probe the innermost councils of American presidents?.
		They attest to the variety of the reporters’ sources, including Vice President Spiro Agnew; Senator Sam Ervin, chairman of the select committee on Watergate; CIA Director William Colby; the White House aide John Ehrlichman; Republican Senator Barry Goldwater; the “plumber” Egil Krogh; and Nixon’s Watergate lawyers, J. Fred Buzhardt and James St. Clair.
		The interview notes show that Ervin was eager to learn the reporters’ sources, indicating his interest in investigating beyond the boundaries the FBI had placed on its inquiry.
	www.cjr.org /issues/2005/5/greenberg.asp (1906 words)

	Director, Media Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		This is a professional position responsible for enhancing the AIA’s reputation as a respected, credible, and primary source for news media on subjects with a building, design, and construction component.
		The function of this position is to raise awareness, understanding, and visibility of member architects as construction industry leaders and the AIA as an authoritative resource among clients, government officials, and the general public through proactive media relations consistent with the AIA Public Advocacy Team’s operating plan.
		As such, the Director is responsible for developing story ideas, background, and identifying subject matter experts to serve as sources that support the member architect’s leadership role in building, design, and construction.
	www.aia.org /print_template.cfm?pagename=jb_fb05_07 (794 words)

	Society of Professional Journalists - Diversity Toolbox
		When I was at The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution, an editor gave a pop quiz.
		This is not at all about being politically correct; it’s about doing good journalism.
		Don’t be afraid to tell colleagues and sources that you want to cast a wider net to truly reflect the community and the country.
	www.spj.org /diversity_toolbox_beat.asp (516 words)

	The Narrative Journal
		His essay “The New Journalism” was the manifesto for a new style designed to fill the cultural vacuum that he said novelists had left by abandoning realistic fiction.
		Here’s the analogy: If a piece of narrative journalism was a movie, the scenes and details would be the frames of film, the pictures that everyone focuses on.
		Sometimes, she said, in science journalism, the answer to the question, “What is the implication of this?” is just that.
	poynter.blogs.com /narrative (8626 words)

	Public Journalism Educators Subcommittee
		Both began by calling them courses in "civic journalism;" however, both have recently changed to "public journalism" because students are less confused by "public" than they are by " civic." In addition, "public journalism" seems to evoke a sense that what we do is about, by, and for the public as a whole.
		Mission #1: We need to educate people (colleagues, students, practitioners) about the importance of sourcing, which is perhaps the most important issue in the practice of public journalism.
		We would like to see an issue of a journal dedicated to public journalism issues and would advocate for several articles to reflect on teaching issues.
	www.has.vcu.edu /civic-journalism/pj-educators.htm (1088 words)

	Secure Liberty - Journalism? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Powerline is the biggest link in a daisy chain of right-wing blogs that is assaulting the Mainstream Media while they toot their horns in the service of...
		I suppose we'll have to agree to disagree.
		Sources outside those used by Rather backed up his contentions, incidentally.
	secureliberty.org /index.php/2004/12/29/journalism (2513 words)

	State of the American News Media 2005 » Outside The Beltway \| OTB
		Yesterday's release by The Project for Excellence in Journalism’s "State of the American News Media 2005" report is drawing substantial coverage in both traditional and new media.
		So, hoping the war that the country is fighting has a happy outcome is biased journalism, whereas sourcing one's opinion that we shouldn't be there in the first place to somebody else is considered objective.
		The report finds that, with the exception of cable news and talk radio, the notion that consumers have retreated to ideological corners for their news is exaggerated; Democrats and Republicans both get their news from similar outlets.
	www.outsidethebeltway.com /archives/9626 (1299 words)

	Hypergene MediaBlog » Grass-roots reporting breaks MS ad fraud
		The AP writer, Ted Bridis, deserves props for sourcing the community at Slashdot.org in his article.
		But mostly, Slashdotters said, that their articles/posts are picked up days or months later in the mainstream a month after it was on Slashdot, as well as allegations that comments are lifted, without attribution.
		This weblog was launched in Oct. 2002 as a knowledge management tool for our research on participatory journalism and citizen media.
	www.hypergene.net /blog/comments.php?id=P34_0_1_0 (724 words)

	loose wire: Journalism, media & PR
		Newspapers, magazines, journals, reports and exhibition flyers are much better suited to this kind of technology, because they need to be read while mobile (the newspaper on the train); they have no emotional hold on the user (a book is usually kept; a magazine is thrown away.
		The issue is not whether people are redefining what is factual, it’s whether they so readily accept something as more authoritative than other sources because it has a long history behind it, or because the author of the piece, and those editing it, have titles before their name and initials after it.
		For example: putting in a telephone number for worried families near the top of the page; putting information under subheadings; very clear sourcing; holding off (or backing away) from the ‘six blasts’ version which the UK police don’t seem to be supporting in their most recent statements.
	loosewire.typepad.com /blog/journalism_media_pr/index.html (12911 words)

	Online NewsHour: Woodward's Shadow -- July 5, 1999
		And many of the sources, like Leon Panetta, is on the record, and it is so noted in the book.
		"Knowledgeable sources" was the source of virtually all of the most revealing information in the reconstruction about what happened.
		I just think that for journalism as a whole, it's a bad thing to think that what Bob Woodward has done, which is to trade access wholesale for anonymity, is a good thing.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/media/july-dec99/woodward_7-5.html (2721 words)

	PressThink
		First, it describes itself to users as: “A leader in a new phenomenon called ‘citizens’; journalism’— a sharing of information where the audience itself decides what’s important and writes about it.” Backfence is trying to be a commercial provider of news and information where journalists are not involved in the production at all.
		Journalism Is Itself a Religion: "We're headed, I think, for schism, tumult and divide as the religion of the American press meets the upheavals in global politics and public media that are well underway.
		This is an idea with long roots in academic journalism that suddenly (as in this year) jumped the track to become part of the news industry's internal dialogue." More...
	journalism.nyu.edu /pubzone/weblogs/pressthink (9017 words)

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