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| | Post-Partition Era (19th century) - Testament of Prince Jozef Poniatowski |
 | | From the beginning of 1812, stocks of food, munitions and fodder were being built up in the Duchy of Warsaw, and its army was entrusted with defending the concentration of the allied troops. |
 | | In March 1812, the army of the Duchy of Warsaw was renamed as the Fifth Corps of the Grande Armée, and placed under the command of Prince Józef Poniatowski reporting directly to Maréchal Davout. |
 | | Expressive of the hopes of the Polish political elite, a General Confederacy of the Polish Kingdom was constituted on June 26, 1812, meant to represent the entire Polish society in the effort of regaining independence. |
| www.poland.pl /archives/postpartionera/article,,id,11577.htm (525 words) |
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