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Topic: Judeo Crimean Tatar

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	Krymchak_language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is often considered to be a Crimean Tatar dialect.
		In the Soviet Union in the 1930s this language was written with the Uniform Turkic Alphabet (a variant of the Latin alphabet), like Crimean Tatar and Karaim).
		When in May 1944 almost all Crimean Tatars were deported to Soviet Uzbekistan, many speakers of Krymchak were among them, and some remained in Uzbekistan.
	en.filepoint.de /info/Krymchak_language (191 words)

	slavery article
		Approximately 75 percent of the Crimean population consisted of slaves or freedmen, and much of the free population was highly predatory, engaged either in the gathering of slaves or in the selling of them.
		Crimean Tatar slave raids into Muscovy were greatly curtailed by the building of a series of walls along the frontier in the years 1636-53 and ultimately by the liquidation of the khanate in 1783.
		Following the breakup of the Golden Horde, the Crimean Tatars took their chattel to Kefe (Feodosiya) in the Crimea, whence it was transported across the Black Sea and sold throughout the Ottoman Empire and elsewhere.
	www.electricprint.com /edu4/classes/readings/slavery.htm (6376 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Language (J) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Juba Arabic (Sudanese Creole Arabic) is an Arabic-based creole trade language spoken in Sudan.
		Judeo-Crimean Tatar is a Turkic language spoken by some Jews in Uzbekistan.
		Judeo-Georgian is a variation of the Georgian language spoken in Israel and Georgia by Georgian Jews.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /WJ.HTM (936 words)

	Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Ukraine
		The constitutional court is the ultimate interpreter of legislation and the Constitution, and it determines the constitutionality of legislation, presidential edicts, cabinet acts, and acts of the Crimean Autonomous Republic.
		Crimean Tatar leaders continued to call for changes in the electoral law that would allow them to achieve greater representation in the Crimean Parliament; current law does not allow the creation of political parties on the regional level, so Crimean Tatars must join national political parties.
		Tatar representation in other Crimean ministries, including in law enforcement agencies, was 1 percent or less.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78846.htm (19195 words)

	Encyclopedia: Turkic languages
		The Tatar language (Tatar tele, TatarÃ§a, Ð¢Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€ Ñ‚ÐµÐ»Ðµ, Ð¢Ð°Ñ‚Ð°Ñ€Ñ‡Ð°) is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages.
		Chulyum also known as Chulym-Turkic, Chulym Tatar (not at all related to the Tatar language), or KÃ¼erik is a language of Chulyms.
		Krymchak is the Crimean Tatar language dialect spoken by the Krymchaks - Rabbanite Jews of the Crimea.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Turkic-languages (1223 words)

	On Liberty
		It was a religious and cultural phenomenon that arose among the Tatars -- or as they were known then, "Muslims within Russia" -- in the mid-19th century and later spread to Central Asia.
		But one should recall that for the Tatars in the late 19th century, the entire system of education was based solely on the religious schools, or madrassas.
		This growth in radical views is aided by the policies of Russia's leadership, primarily in Chechnya, which many see as a war by the federal center against their coreligionists, especially in light of the Russian leadership's demonstrative cozying up to the Orthodox church.
	www.rferl.org /specials/50radioliberty/guilfanov-speech.asp (1186 words)

	Tatar Translation Service - English to Tatar Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		You probably don't speak Tatar yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		Only professional translators whose native language is Tatar perform our English to Tatar translation.
		Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent Tatar perform our Tatar to English translation.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/Tatar_translation.shtml/?source=germanfreelance (428 words)

	Krymchak language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Krymchak is the Crimean Tatar dialect spoken by the Krymchaks - Rabbanite Jews of the Crimea.
		Like most Jewish languages, it is written using Hebrew characters, and contains large numbers of Hebrew loanwords.
		In Soviet Union at the 1930s this language was written in a variant of Latin alphabet - Uniform Turkic Alphabet (as Crimean Tatar and Karaim), later it was written in Cyrillic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Krymchak_language (142 words)

	Ukraine
		The majority of the country's Muslims were Crimean Tatars, who were forcibly deported from Crimea to Uzbekistan by Stalin in 1944; they were permitted to return to the country in 1989.
		There were approximately 300 thousand Crimean Tatars in Ukraine; 267 thousand lived on the peninsula.
		In response to a long-standing complaint from Crimean Tatar leaders, the Bakhchysarai municipal government agreed to relocate the city's central market from the territory of Azyzler, an ancient Muslim cemetery and pilgrimage site for Crimean Tatars.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71415.htm (5906 words)

	Ethnologue: Uzbekistan
		(CRIMEAN TATAR) [CRH] 189,000 in Uzbekistan (1993); 38,000 in Kyrghyzstan, 1,859 Crimean Nogai in Moldova, 200,000 in Ukraine (1993); 25,000 in Romania (1982 estimate); 6,000 in Bulgaria (1990); 460,000 in all countries.
		Removed from southern shore of Crimean Peninsula to Uzbekistan in 1944.
		The census counted them with the Tatar, but the languages are distinct.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/Uzbe.html (546 words)

	CESS Annual Conference - Paper Abstracts 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The interaction of the Crimean Tatars with other ethnic groups both in Central Asia during the deportation years and in the Crimea following the return to the homeland, will be analyzed together with the impact of this interaction on the Crimean Tatar ethnic identity and culture.
		This is followed by five thematic sections focusing on the new Tatar national histories and their direct relevance to the Republic of Tatarstan's efforts to reclaim and defend national sovereignty.
		The mosque's (re)construction serves as a way for Tatars to lay claim to the right to rule their titular republic and, through modifications to the plans for the structure and parallel debates, reveals the tenuousness of those claims.
	cess.fas.harvard.edu /CESSpg_conf_abstracts2003.html (18333 words)

	World Cultures - Links To Cultures Around The World
		Crimean Karaites and Krimchaks / Crimean Jews in Ukraine (Ukraine) (ethno-religious gp — present)
		Crimean Tatar of Ukraine (Ukraine) (ethnic gp — present)
		Crimean Tatars of Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan) (ethnic gp — present)
	www.freewebs.com /worldcultures/ukraine.htm (625 words)

	Ethnologue: Turkey
		It is not known how many still speak it in Turkey, though there are definitely some Crimean Tatar villages, such as Karakuyu in Polatli District of Ankara Province.
		Dialects: NORTHERN CRIMEAN (CRIMEAN NOGAI, STEPPE CRIMEAN), CENTRAL CRIMEAN, SOUTHERN CRIMEAN.
		TATAR [TTR] Several thousand in ethnic group in Turkey, but not all speak Tatar.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/Turk.html (1899 words)

	Judeo-Crimean Tatar — (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Based on which role you have, you get a selection of skins that you can switch between.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
		Find and/or purchase publications on "Judeo-Crimean Tatar" from Amazon.com.
	www.rosettaproject.org /archive/jct (192 words)

	Beth Hatefutsoth - Related Links
		Judeo Alsatian is the Jewish variant of the Alsatian dialect of German (part of the Alemannic group of German dialects) as it was spoken in the ancient Jewish communities of Alsace, France.
		Judeo Tatar is the Jewish version of Tatar, a language belonging to the Altaic family of languages.
		It was used by the Karaite communities in the Crimean peninsula.
	www.bh.org.il /Links/JewishLangs.asp (2795 words)

	Tatar - Tatars -> The Tatar Empire on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Tatar - Tatars -> The Tatar Empire on Encyclopedia.com 2002
		Professor Tatar received her Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1971 and has taught at Harvard since then.
		TatarsThe Tatar EmpireThe original Tatars probably came from E central Asia or central Siberia; unlike the Mongols, they spoke a Turkic language and were
	zonghenet.com /?q=tatar (165 words)

	[No title]
		Before 1927 literary norms were developing, it was taught in school, literature was published, and the language and culture were studied.
		Tepter (300,000) is reported to be between the Tatar and Bashkir languages.
		Uralic Tatar (110,000) is spoken by the Kerashen Tatar.
	www.verbix.com /xml/altaic.xml (2234 words)

	Turkic languages
		Oghuz group: Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Gagauz, Crimean Turkish, Qashqai
		Ponto-Caspian: Karachay-Balkar, Kumyk, Karaim, Judeo-Crimean Tatar, Pecheneg (extinct), Kuman (extinct)
		Bolgar languages: (sometimes considered to be a separate Altaic subfamily)
	www.findthelinks.com /countries/turkey/Turkic_language.htm (170 words)

	The Rosetta Project: the 1000 language archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Judeo-crimean Tatar texts are available in the categories below.
		The numbers in parenthesis indicate how many versions of each text type are currently in the archive.
		Send a message to a language specialist or native speaker who might be able to review or contribute materials.
	rosettaproject.org /live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=JCT (100 words)

	Karakalpak language resources
		Karakalpak 2.5%, and Tatar 1.5% (Tajiki sources, however, sometimes put the percentage of the Tajiki...
		SSR was enlarged with the addition of the Karakalpak ASSR taken from the Kazakh SSR.
		Karakalpak 409,000 Uzbekistan Nogai 68,000 Russia Karachay-Balkar 241,000 Russia Kumyk 282,000 Russia Crimean Turkish (Tatar) 190,000 Uzbekistan *Tatar 7 million Russia Bashkir 1 million...
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Karakalpak.html (1195 words)

	Evertype: The Alphabets of Europe
		Criterion 3: Letters from other languages commonly used in texts of a given language may be included if, in good usage by well-informed writers, they are used naturally in the recipient language.
		Commonly used personal names, such as French names in Breton texts or Russian names in Tatar texts, would fall into this category.
		Criterion 4: Letters from loanwords in common usage within the regions in which the language is spoken may be included.
	www.evertype.com /alphabets/index.html (3504 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - UZ Usbekistan, Republik Usbekistan, Uzbekistan - Sprache, Langue, Language
		ethnologue - Crimean Nogai - Language of UZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=crh
		ethnologue - Crimean Tatar - Language of UZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=crh
		ethnologue - Crimean Turkish - Language of UZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=crh
	www.etymologie.info /~e/u_/uz-sprach.html (756 words)

	CRIMEA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Crimean war Part III Polish affairs Part IV Affairs of Central Asia Part V Hague Peace Conference Part VI Miscellaneous papers Part VII Commercial reports.
		Tatars of the Crimea Their Struggle for Survival.
		Crimea the Great Crimean War 1854-1856 RC 56657 by Trevor Royle read by Ray Childs 5 cassettes Details the confrontation over who should maintain the
	www.aagunsales.com /More/Crimea (673 words)

	Turkish Jewish Encounters
		These people are nearly extinct and the research into their unique culture is part of the second part of the book.
		The late Polish Karaite scholar’s book Karaim in Poland chapter on Karaim origins and history asserts that the Karaim are the inheritors of Khazars.
		Moshe Gammer reveals an interesting French report during the Crimean war that describes the Crimean Karaites and their way of life during the 19th Century.
	www.turkiye.net /sota/turkjew.htm (1672 words)

	Russia Travel Forums - View topic - The Khazars
		Krimchak is the language of the Krimchak Jews, a very small Jewish group on the Crimean peninsula.
		In 1392 the Grand Duke of Lithuania relocated the Crimean Karaites to Lithuania where they continued to speak their own language, Karaim, in private life as the sect's own internal language, while old Hebrew remained in the spiritual use.
		The Crimean Karaites faced the same problems the Russian Karaites did, due to Communism.
	www.waytorussia.net /TalkLounge/conversation1802.html (11025 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages.
		I have pleasure in inviting you to visit the web-site "Minoritarian languages of Europe" (in Russian only) dedicated to the history and present situation of some rare and endangered European languages (Cornish, Faroese, Ladin, Friulian, Crimean Tatar).
		This is a first Internet-based project for such the languages in Russian.
		Here you will have an opportunity to see extracts from our manual of Crimean Tatar for Russian-speaking beginners, Russian-Crimean Tatar Dictionary, Ukrainian-Crimean Tatar Dictionary and their current pricing.
	www.ogmios.org /188.htm (1765 words)

	Is Uzbek language same as Turkish????? [Archive] - Uzbekistan Online Forum - Онлайн Форум ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		qazaq turkish dialects, qirgiz turkish dialects, qaraqalpaq turkish, tatar turkish dialects, bashkir turkish dialects, qarachay turkish, qumik turkish, noghay turkish are very close to each other.
		Oguz standarts were used in Ottoman empire and Karluk is used in Central Asia and in Tatar khanates.
		However, they were just two variations of the same language and people could understand each other without translation.
	forum.arbuz.com /archive/index.php/t-14619.html (4370 words)

	Russia Travel Forums - View topic - History, Politics and NWO
		The Krimchak Jews settled in Crimea probably in the 16th century and spoke a variant of Crimean Tatar but used the Hebrew alphabet.
		Judeo-Crimean Tatar is or was spoken in Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan.
		Judeo-Crimean Tatar is similar to other Ponto-Caspian languages.
	www.waytorussia.net /TalkLounge/quote-7499.html (2638 words)

	Portal:UZ - OmegaWiki
		Please help us by working on Basic English
		Uzbeki Spoken Arabic - Bukharic - Crimean Turkish - Judeo-Crimean Tatar - Karakalpak - Turkish - Northern Uzbek
		This page was last modified 08:41, 30 November 2006.
	wiktionaryz.org /Portal:UZ (50 words)

	All Empires: History Forum: Turkic world
		A town koine has developed in Jakutsk, which older speakers reject.
		370,000 ethnic Bashkir speak Tatar as mother tongue
		It has literary status based on the Kuvakan dialect.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=11503 (2866 words)

	Endangered languages in Europe: report
		Remarks: five Turkic languages are known to have been spoken in Crimea, viz Crimean Tatar, Krimchak, Karaim, Nogai, and Turkish; two of them, Crimean Tatar and Nogai, are also spoken in Dobruja; a lot of confusion exists in general literature
		Geographical location: the Russian Federation: large areas across the boundary of southern Russia and northern Caucasia; the Ukraine: Crimea, though most speakers were deported to various places, mainly to Central Asia, after the Second World War; Romania, Dobruja area
		Geographical location: originally among Crimean Tatar (q.v.) speakers, but now scattered in various places of deportation, mainly in Central Asia
	www.helsinki.fi /~tasalmin/europe_report.html (9417 words)

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