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Topic: Judeo Persian

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	Dzhidi language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The earliest evidence of the entrance of Persian words into the language of the Israelites is found in the Bible.
		Persian became to a great extent the language of everyday life among the Jews of Babylonia; and a hundred years after the conquest of that country by the Sassanids an amora of Pumbedita, Rab Joseph (d.
		But in the Aramaic Targum there are very few Persian words, because after the middle of the third century the Targumim on the Pentateuch and the Prophets were accepted as authoritative and received a fixed textual form in the Babylonian schools.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Judeo-Persian (324 words)

	Persian language
		Persian is a member of the Indo-European family of languages, and within that family, it belongs to the Indo-Iranian (Aryan) branch.
		The Persian language was crucial in the formation of a common language of the Central, North and Northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent.
		Soon, the Persian script and nastaliq form of cursive was adopted, with additional figures added to accommodate the Indian phonic system, and a new language based on Indian grammar and a predominantly Persian (and indirectly some Arabic) base of words came into being.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/p/pe/persian_language.html (1378 words)

	Persian language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Persian is a member of the Indo-European family of languages, and within that family it belongs to the (The branch of the Indo-European family of languages including the Indic and Iranian language groups) Indo-Iranian ((A member of the prehistoric people who spoke Proto-Indo European) Aryan) branch.
		Persian, the more widely used and official name of the language in (An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) English, is the Hellenized form of the native term Parsi.
		Despite their shared alphabet, however, Persian and Arabic are entirely different languages, from different linguistic families and with different (The study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes) phonology and (Studies of the formation of basic linguistic units) grammar.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Pe/Persian_language.htm (1496 words)

	Persian language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Persian (فارسی), (local name in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan: Fârsi), Pârsi (older local name, but still used by some speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (Another local name in Tajikistan, Afghanistan), is a language spoken in Iran,Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain.
		Old Persian, the main language of the Achaemenid inscriptions, should not be confused with the non-Indo-European Elamite language (see Behistun inscription).
		Despite their shared alphabet, however, Persian and Arabic are entirely different languages, from different linguistic families and with different phonology and grammar.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Pinglish (1282 words)

	Learn more about Persian language in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Persian is a member of the Indo-European family of languages, and within that family, it belongs to the Indo-Iranian (Aryan) branch, within which, the Iranian sub-branch consists of the following chronological linguistic path: Avestan/Old Persian -> Middle Persian (Pahlavi) -> Modern Persian.
		Although it uses the same Alphabet as the Arabic language (Persian adds four letters, and changes the shape of another two), the Persian is a language completly different, with a different Phonology and Grammar.
		Persian, the more widely recognized name in English, is the Hellenized form of the native term Parsi.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /p/pe/persian_language.html (430 words)

	Persian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Persian (فارسی), also known as Farsi, Parsi or Dari, is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
		Persian is a member of the Indo-European family of languages, and within that family, it belongs to the Indo-Iranian (Aryan) branch, within which, the Iranian sub-branch consists of the following chronological linguistic path: Old Persian (Avestan and Achaemenids Persian)
		Persian also adds the notion of a psuedo-space to the Arabic script, called a Zero Width Non-Joiner (ZWNJ) by the Unicode Standard.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/persian_language (1295 words)

	Persian
		Persian buttercup Ranunculus asiaticus The persian buttercup is a flowering plant of the genus Ranunculus.
		Persian mythology The beliefs and practices of the culturally and linguistically related group of ancient peoples who in...
		Persian Wars The Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the 448 BC.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/persian.html (405 words)

	Judeo-Persian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		persian persian gulf persian culture persian kitty persian rugs ebook free persian persian horse spotted persian khatam clock language course whole language second language language programing language
		Council for Promotion of Persian Language and Literature Newsletters and articles about the Persian language history and education around the world.
		PERSIAN RESCUE - Persian Cat Adoption and Email List Persian rescue involves the rescue of pedigreed Persian cats and related cats in the United States.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Judeo-Persian_language.html (364 words)

	Encyclopedia: Farsi language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Soon, the Persian script and Nasta'liq form of cursive was adopted, with additional figures added to accommodate the Indian phonetic system, and a new language based on Indian grammar with a vocabulary largely divided between Persian (and indirectly some Arabic) and Hindi.
		Elements peculiar to Persian, such as the enclitic izaafat, and the use of the takhallus, were readily absorbed into Urdu literature both religious and secular.
		Many distinctly Persian forms of literature, such as ghazals and nazms, came to both influence and be affected by Indian culture, producing a distinct melding of Middle Eastern and South Asian heritages.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Farsi-language (1484 words)

	Encyclopedia: Judeo-Persian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tiberian Hebrew is an oral tradition of pronunciation for ancient forms of Hebrew, especially the Hebrew of the Bible, that was given written form by masoretic scholars in the Jewish community at Tiberias in the early middle ages, beginning in the 8th century.
		The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Iran.
		Persian (فارسی), (local name in Iran and Afghanistan: Fârsi), Pârsi (older local name, but still used by some speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (Another local name in Afghanistan), is a language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Bahrain and Uzbekistan.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Judeo_Persian-language (2019 words)

	Iranian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The imperial period of the Iranian languages is that of the Persian Empire, particularly the Achaemenid dynasty.
		The Iranian languages are Fahlavi (Pahlavi), Dari, Khuzi, Persian, and Seryani.
		Some Azerbaijani poets however, such as Qatran Tabrizi (d465 A.H.), used the word "Persian" and "Pahlavi" interchangeably to describe their native language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iranian_language (908 words)

	Jewish Language Research Website: Judeo-Persian
		Persian Muslims of the pre-Mongol period also used local dialects in written texts, such as in translations of the Qur'an (Ravaqi, Lazard 1978).
		In Iran, Persian is the main tool of education and written expression, though less than half of the population speak it at home and many dialects, Iranian and Turkic as well as Semitic, still exist.
		Local dialects of Persian (of Iran), especially by elder and less educated immigrants in Israel; the distinction between dialects of New Persian and local vernacular forms of New Persian is frequently blurred.
	www.jewish-languages.org /judeo-persian.html (1513 words)

	Judeo Persian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Aramaic, however, remained the language of the Jews in Palestine as well as of those in Babylonia, although in the latter country a large number of Persian words found their way into the language ofdaily intercourse and into that of the schools, a fact which is attested by the numerous Persian derivatives in the BabylonianTalmud.
		But in the Aramaic Targum there are very few Persian words, owing to the fact that after the middle of the third centurythe Targumim on the Pentateuch and the Prophets were accepted as authoritative and received a fixed textual form in the Babylonian schools.
		In this waythey were protected from the introduction of Persian elements.
	www.therfcc.org /judeo-persian-151401.html (214 words)

	Persian literature on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		literary writings in the Persian language, nearly all of it written in the area traditionally known as Persia, now Iran.
		Persian Language to be Offered at Cal State Fullerton.
		Persian nationalism and the campaign for language purification.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Perslit.asp (233 words)

	Beth Hatefutsoth - Related Links
		Judeo Alsatian is the Jewish variant of the Alsatian dialect of German (part of the Alemannic group of German dialects) as it was spoken in the ancient Jewish communities of Alsace, France.
		Judeo Tatar is the Jewish version of Tatar, a language belonging to the Altaic family of languages.
		It is related to Tadjiki Persian, a language belonging to the Iranian group of Indo-European languages and is close to Farsi and Judeo-Persian.
	www.bh.org.il /Links/JewishLangs.asp (2803 words)

	Dalia Yasharpour, Near Eastern Languages & Cultures [UCLA Spotlight] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		She had simply been asked by a collector to look at a manuscript because he “wanted to know what it was.” The collector, a member of the Iranian Jewish community in Los Angeles, knew Yasharpour was studying the confluence of Jewish and Persian history and culture.
		The author, Elisha ben Shemuel, was a Jew living in 17th-century Persia, a poet writing the Persian language using Hebrew script and addressing a Jewish audience.
		Ben Shemuel was clearly quite familiar with the Persian literary styles of his time, Yasharpour says, and “he was unabashed about seeing Jewish elements integrated with the Muslim.” At one point, the mystical Muslim master expounds on Maimonides’ thirteen principles of the Jewish faith.
	www.ucla.edu /spotlight/archive/html_2003_2004/stud0304_yasharpour.html (529 words)

	World Affairs Board - Legacy of Esther's Children
		This religious prohibition and moral condemnation of recreational music had potentially far reaching effects on the heritage of Persian music, the development and very survival of which was now under threat.
		In addition to his various contributions to classical Persian music as a master tar player, Morteza Khan, son of Bala Khan (himself a master zarb player in the court of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar), is credited with discovering and schooling two of twentieth-century Iran’s greatest vocalists.
		The crucial role of Jews in the safeguarding of wine-making and traditional Persian music in Iran further demonstrates that the said binary principle was ultimately applied not only to the ancient heritage of Iranian Jewry itself but also to the valued traditions of the land of their liberator Cyrus the Great.
	www.worldaffairsboard.com /printthread.php?t=3001 (3183 words)

	Encyclopedia: Biblical Hebrew language
		The Mishnaic Hebrew language or Rabbinic Hebrew language is the ancient descendant of Biblical Hebrew as preserved by the Jews after the Babylonian captivity, and definitively recorded by Jewish sages in writing the Mishnah and other contemporary documents.
		Lingua franca, literally Frankish language in Italian, was originally a mixed language consisting largely of Italian plus a vocabulary drawn from Turkish, Persian, French, Greek and Arabic and used for communication throughout the Middle East.
		The Samaritan Hebrew language is a descendant of Biblical Hebrew as pronounced and written by the Samaritans.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Biblical-Hebrew-language (3119 words)

	Persian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		See live article Persian Wars The Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Greek world and the Persian Empire that started about 500 BC and lasted...
		Persian is a member of the Indo-European family...
		Babylonian diaspora again came under the dominion of the Persians; and among such Jews the Persian language held a position similar to that...
	www.middleeastresources.com /middle/Persian (1023 words)

	Persian language: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Persian language
		Persian (also known as Farsi or Parsi) is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Gorjestan[?] (Georgia), part of India and part of Pakistan.
		In other words, "Persian" is an English word, and "Farsi" or "Parsi" are Persian words.
		-- adapted from this Structural Sketch of Persian (http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/languagesofla/farsi/fars-sketch.htm).
	www.encyclopedian.com /pe/Persian.html (291 words)

	Simorgh - (CAIS at SOAS) ©
		An abbreviated form of this description is found in Zâdspram 3.39; a gloss on the Pahlavi translation of Yasht 14.41 confuses the tree of many seeds with the tree of the White Hôm.
		In classical and modern Persian literature the Simorgh is frequently mentioned, particularly as a metaphor for God in Sufi mysticism.
		Dhabhar, The Persian Rivayats of Hormazyar Framarz, Bombay, 1932.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Mythology/simorgh_senmurv.htm (4789 words)

	Graduate Student Profile - Near Eastern Languages and Cultures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Knowing that she was becoming an expert in the confluence of Jewish and Persian history and culture, he showed her a manuscript in his private collection and said he "wanted to know what it was."
		A sterling example of Judeo-Persian authors, he was a poet writing the Persian language using Hebrew script and addressing a Jewish audience in a composition that features a Muslim mystic and displays influences of the Persian culture in which he lived.
		Ben Shemuel was clearly quite familiar with the Persian literary styles of his time, Dalia says, and "he was unabashed about seeing Jewish elements integrated with the Muslim." At one point, the mystical Muslim master expounds on Maimonides’ thirteen principles of the Jewish faith.
	www.gdnet.ucla.edu /asis/profile/nela.htm (762 words)

	UCLA NELC Courses in Iranian
		Intensive and thorough study of fundamental structure of Persian grammar; reading from a wide range of classical and modern poetry and prose compositions.
		Comparative study of six major Persian poets from the 10th to 14th century who shaped the sense of Persian identity and delineated chief distinguishing characteristics of Persian thought and culture.
		Studies in specific problems and trends in Persian poetry and prose in the 20th century.
	www.nelc.ucla.edu /Courses_Iranian.htm (491 words)

	International Jewish Cemetery Project - Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Most scholars argue that the community fled into China since there is a significant influence from Persian speaking Jews from Khorasan on the Chinese Jewish community's texts and ceremonies.
		Most scholars argue that the community fled into China since there is a significant influence from Persian speaking Jews from Khorasan on the Chinese Jewish community's texts and ceremonies (12).
		Cemetery: "...near the town of Herat in Tchcharan, old graves were found on which the writing was in Persian and in the Hebrew language.
	www.jewishgen.org /cemetery/asia-pac-ind/afghanistan.html (2233 words)

	Judeo-Persian and Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) tales (from Judaism) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Although the Persian empire was at the peak of its strength, the collective defense mounted by the Greeks overcame seemingly impossible odds and even...
		In the 5th century BC the vast Persian Empire attempted to conquer Greece.
		If the Persians had succeeded, they would have set up local tyrants, called satraps, to rule Greece and would have crushed the first stirrings of democracy in Europe.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-35363 (1052 words)

	BJews.com
		Toward the end of the 16th and at the beginning of the 17th centuries the Jewish quarter (Mahalla) was established in the town of Bukhara, still known as the "Old Mahalla," and the Jews were forbidden to reside outside its boundaries.
		When he saw the wretched situation of the Bukharan community he decided to settle there, and thanks to his efforts a revival of the religious and spiritual life took place.
		They would sail by boat from Odessa to Turkey, with the help of documents attesting to their Afghani, Persian or Turkish citizenship (purchased at high prices from the legations of those countries), and in Istanbul they would obtain their immigration permits for Erez Israel.
	www.bukharianjews.com /print.php?sid=105 (5345 words)

	CIJOH
		In the course of the 14th-20th centuries, the Jewish poets of Iran produced a large body of literature that represents a unique synthesis of Jewish, Persian, and Islamic elements.
		Nonetheless, in these works one detects a conscious effort on the part of the poets to preserve and cherish Jewish identity while rejecting those Islamic tenets and notions that are perceived as threatening or offensive to Jewish beliefs and sensibilities.
		Discussing the significance of the marriage institution and the importance of the ketuba, Saghian mentions the difficulty in tracing the origins of ketuba-writing, relating this difficulty to the fact that marriages were not always religious contracts.
	www.cijoh.org /publication/About_Journal_VolumeII.htm (2181 words)

	Recipes: Persian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Persian is the Hellenized form of the native term Parsi and is more widely recognized.
		Persian phonology -- adapted from this Structural Sketch of Persian.
		Persian syntax Normal sentences are structured: (S) (PP) (O) V If the object is definite, then the order is (S) (O + "rA:") (PP) V
	www.theparentingsearch.com /Recipes/Persian.shtml (300 words)

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