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Topic: Judeo-Arabic languages

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Arabic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Arabic has been a literary language since at least the 6th century and is the liturgical language of Islam. The Arabic language (اللغة العربية; al-luġatu-l-ʿarabīyatu, less formally, عربي ʻarabī) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. Since the written Arabic of today differs substantially from the written Arabic of the Qur'anic era, it has become customary in western scholarship and among non-Arab scholars of Arabic to refer to the language of the Qur'an as Classical Arabic and the modern language of the media and of formal speeches as Modern Standard Arabic. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arabic_language   (2337 words)

Judeo-Arabic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Judeo-Arabic languages are a collection of Arabic dialects spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Arabic-speaking countries; the term also refers to more or less classical Arabic written in the Hebrew script, particularly in the Middle Ages. Their dialects of Arabic did not thrive in either country, and most of their descendants now speak French or Modern Hebrew; as a result, the Judæo-Arabic dialects are now considered endangered languages. They wrote—sometimes in their dialects, sometimes in a more Classical style—in a mildly adapted Hebrew script (rather than using Arabic script), often including consonant dots from the Arabic alphabet to accommodate phonemes that did not exist in the Hebrew alphabet. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Judeo-Arabic_language   (295 words)

Beth Hatefutsoth - Related Links Judeo Tatar is the Jewish version of Tatar, a language belonging to the Altaic family of languages. As a variant of Arabic it belongs to the Semitic family of languages, but unlike standard Arabic, Jude-Arabic is written with Hebrew characters. Judeo Alsatian is the Jewish variant of the Alsatian dialect of German (part of the Alemannic group of German dialects) as it was spoken in the ancient Jewish communities of Alsace, France. www.bh.org.il /Links/JewishLangs.asp   (2803 words)

Arabic Language History For example, when Arabic was introduced into the Iranian Plateau after the fall of the Sassanian Empire to the Arab armies in the 630s C.E., it seemed to overwhelmingly dominate the Indo-European Persianate languages of the region for a while. Before the appearance of Islam, Arabic was a minor member of the southern branch of the Semitic language family, used by a small number of largely nomadic tribes in the Arabian peninsula, with an extremely poorly documented textual history. If the Semitic languages can be generally said to share certain phonological (having to do with word sound) and morphological (having to do with word structure and formation) characteristics, they also appear to have developed certain similarities in the rhetorical and stylistic structure of their written records. www.indiana.edu /~arabic/arabic_history.htm   (5852 words)

ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE A pluralistic approach is taken to Arabic language and literature, which are examined for their social, historical and literary content. Arabic is part of the curriculum and students take courses in developing skills like writing letters and essays and learning spoken Arabic. Arabic Language and Literature works closely with the Department of History of the Middle East and Africa. www.tau.ac.il /humanities/arabic.htm   (599 words)

NATIONAL PROFILES OF LANGUAGES IN ýEDUCATION: ISRAEL : LANGUAGE POLICY French, recognized as important because of cultural, political and economic ties and as the community language of a sizable body of immigrants, is taught optionally (or as a required subject in place of Arabic) from 5th to 12th grade. The national language of the Arabs (and of the Druze) in Israel is Arabic. Languages in which there exist programs are Yiddish (also used as language of instruction and taught in the independent ultra-orthodox schools), Ladino, Spanish and German; the policy seeks to add others like Japanese. www.biu.ac.il /hu/lprc/lprcprof.htm   (2173 words)

Jewish-Languages Mailing List: May 2001 Arabic did not so much replace Aramaic for certain functions as it necessitated and made possible the performance of new functions: being for Jews, as for others, a language of new kinds of "science" and new kinds of literature--such as the Kuzari and new kinds of poetry. Arabic was used not only for poetry, philosophical and scientific writing but also for legal compositions. The Rambam's commentary on the Mishnah was written in Arabic. www.jewish-languages.org /ml/200105.html   (1840 words)

Propaganda leaflets of World War 2: Translation of Hebrew language propaganda booklet Judith Rosenhouse and fellow scientists did extensive earlier research on the Judeo-Arabic languages in general. Yiddish, Ladino (a language spoken in Spain by the Sephardic Jewish community), Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Persian-Turkish and other dialects spoken by the Mountain Jews of the Caucasus or the Bukharans, Judeo-Kurdish (which is an Aramaic based dialect), Judeo-Maghrebi dialect. "Of the eight books he wrote and illustrated for the Ministry of Information, several appeared not only in European languages but in three forms of Arabic (classical, Moghrabi and Ladino, the Hebrew script for Moroccan Jews), and Farsi." members.home.nl /ww2propaganda/transla3.htm   (1050 words)

Multilingualism in Israel Arabic, the language of Israel's largest minority and of the region, is taught in junior high school to Jewish pupils, a small percentage of whom continue to study it at high school. European languages like French and Russian and Hungarian and German and Polish are spoken by immigrants from Europe, and Spanish by those from Latin America. Arabs who speak the Palestinian dialect of Arabic as their first language and whose schools teach Standard Educated Arabic, find it necessary to learn Hebrew both formally in school and informally at work. www.biu.ac.il /hu/lprc/fog0000000007.html   (529 words)

Jewish_languages At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Yiddish was the main language of Jews in Eastern Europe (thus making it the language spoken by the majority of Jews in the world), while Ladino was widespread in the Maghreb, Greece, and Turkey; smaller groups in Europe spoke such languages as Italkian, Yevanic, or Karaim. Thus Yiddish, once the language of the majority of the world's Jews, continues to be spoken, as are nearly all the languages discussed in the preceeding section. The largest single language spoken by Jews is English: The largest Jewish population in the world is in the United States, and there are also large, substantial communities in Canada (a majority of Canadian Jews speak English, not French), the United Kingdom, Australia, and South Africa. www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Jewish_languages   (1028 words)

Jewish Language Research Website: Judeo-Arabic On the other hand, Standard Arabic is still the anchor for the left side of the Judeo-Arabic continuum, as it is in constant contact with the ethnolect and influences its structure and development. The other extreme of the Arabic continuum (standard Arabic) is not found in full in Literary Judeo-Arabic, but it is a resource for style shifting, as many authors attempted to use it with mixed success. The Importance of the Language Continuum in Arabic Multiglossia. www.jewish-languages.org /judeo-arabic.html   (2364 words)

Jewish Language Research Website: Judeo-Persian As a Jewish language, written Judeo-Persian belongs to the same type as written Judeo-Arabic of the Classical period, as it uses CNP as a model, is written in Hebrew characters, and includes some Hebrew loanwords (but not as many as in Yiddish). Non-Persian Iranian languages of Iran, mostly in their specifically Jewish varieties, such as Yazdi, etc., but also Kurdish; these are spoken by elderly immigrants in Israel and seem to be withering in Iran, due to the spread of education and the mass media. For writing the Jews used the same language as their Muslim compatriots, with minor differences (fewer Arabic words, some Hebrew and Aramaic words, Hebrew characters). www.jewish-languages.org /judeo-persian.html   (1513 words)

The Rosetta Project: the 1000 language archive Arabic, Judeo-yemeni texts are available in the categories below. Send a message to a language specialist or native speaker who might be able to review or contribute materials. A brief language description provided courtesy of the Summer Institute of Linguistics. www.rosettaproject.org:8080 /live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=JYE   (100 words)

Judeo-Arabic script The Judeo-Arabic script is a version of the Hebrew script used to write the Judeo-Arabic language - a version of Arabic with influences from Hebrew and Aramaic. Judeo-Arabic is used by Jews in Arabic-speaking regions and began to develop after the 7th century AD, when Islam was spreading to the Middle East and North Africa. www.omniglot.com /writing/judeo-arabic.htm   (144 words)

RMIsaac's LinguaPages Language Construction Kit: "This set of webpages...is intended for anyone who wants to create artificial languages-- for a fantasy or an alien world, as a hobby, as an interlanguage. MODERN STANDARD ARABIC: "About's Arab Culture site has a special section devoted to resources for studying the Arabic language. Arabic Language on the WWW: a list of sites related to Arabic www.eskimo.com /~rmisaac/lang.html   (2887 words)

FORWARD : FastForward Judeo-Arabic was thus a kind of repository of the Iraqi community's history; as with so many of the world's traditional Jewish languages, it is today spoken mostly by the elderly. They spoke Arabic or French or English when conducting business with the outside world, but to each other they also spoke Arabi mal Yehud (Judeo-Arabic), a language spoken only by the Jews of Iraq, consisting of a mixture of Arabic and Hebrew, as well as scattered words from Aramaic, Persian, Turkish, French and English. Like language, cuisine is a repository of a community's history, often in the vestigial foodways of foreign invaders long since repelled. www.forward.com /issues/2002/02.09.27/fast2.html   (1307 words)

Ladino The director is Avner Peretz has collected over 300 volumes written in Ladino and, in some cases, translated into Judeo-Arabic, another language used by Jews. Ladino, like all languages, has a verbal tradition and like some, but not all languages, it also has a literature. Latin, the language of the Romans was so called because southern Italy was called Latium by the Etruscans before the founding of Rome in 509 B.C.E. The Jews, speaking medieval Spanish mixed with some Hebrew used that language in all the Balkans and Turkey where they settled after 1492. www.jbuff.com /C071300.htm   (304 words)

Languages of the Middle East Ladino: Medieval Language of the Jews of Spain (Ohef Shalom Temple) Evolution of the Maltese Language (Joseph Felice Pace) The Value of Coptic Language: Ecclesiastical and Coptic Principles (St. Shenouda the Archimandrite Coptic Society) www.columbia.edu /cu/lweb/indiv/mideast/cuvlm/languages.html   (188 words)

Yiddish alphabet, pronunciation and language During subsequent centuries, Judeo-German gradually developed into a distinct language, Yiddish, with two main dialects: Western Yiddish, which was widely spoken in Central Europe until the 18th century, and Eastern Yiddish, which was spoken throughout Eastern Europe and Russia/USSR until World War II. From the 13th century they started to use the Hebrew script to write their language, which linguists refer to as Judeo-German or occasionally Proto-Yiddish. The earliest known fragment of Judeo-German is a rhyming couplet in a Hebrew prayer book dating from 1272 or 1273. www.omniglot.com /writing/yiddish.htm   (324 words)

Our Links Preserving Yiddish language and culture in the Rocky Mountain West DAVAR is a free hebrew dictionary/lexicon, helpful tool for study of Old Testament language as well as modern ivrit Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry, The www.jafi.org.il /education/diaspora/links/language.asp?startcatid=10   (701 words)

Perspectives on Diglossia The only variety of Arabic so far to break off and form its own language is Maltese, and most scholars agree that this happened because the Maltese are Christians and don't consider the Arabic language sacred in the same way that Muslims do. One explanation for this is that the Classical language that was used for the Qur'an was a special form of the language common to all of the tribes that existed in the Arabian peninsula at the time of the prophet that had previously only been used in the traditional poetry. The Qur'aan and the pre-Islamic poetry were the primary sources of the prescriptive standard for the written language, which has since that time been held in the highest regard by the entire Muslim community as the language of the Qur'aan and the language that the angels in heaven speak. www-personal.umich.edu /~andyf/digl_96.htm   (3092 words)

Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2003546658 Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Arabic language History, Arabic language Grammar, Judeo-Arabic language Grammar Mosseri vi 45: Proverbs xviii 17-xix 10 153 Appendix: Vocalized substandard Middle Arabic texts from the first quarter of the 2nd millennium 155 A. Passages from a Christian Arabic text in Coptic characters 155 i. Table of contents for A handbook of early middle Arabic / Joshua Blau. www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/fy041/2003546658.html   (265 words)

On-Campus Arabic Resources A collection of documents written primarily in Judeo-Arabic (Arabic written in Hebrew characters...) Arabic table is generally held on Thursdays at 6:00 pm, but the date may occasionally change due to previously-scheduled events at Forbes. The Arabic table, which meets for about an hour every week, is an opportunity for students and speakers of Arabic at Princeton to get together and speak Arabic over a meal at Forbes College. web.princeton.edu /sites/NearEastern/Arabic/oncampus.htm   (189 words)

History of Tunisian Jews The economy is disastrous, commercial exchanges practically non existant and the Jews are subjected to all kinds of vexations from the part of the Arabic population. Their houses and synagogues have to be lower in size than that of their Arabic neighbors. But the truce is short lived because the Arabic Tunisian Nationalistic movement led by Habib Bourguiba get organized with goal to gain independence from France. www.harissa.com /eng/tunehistoireeng.htm   (1648 words)

Karaim_language The Karaim language is a Turkic language with Hebrew influences, in a similar manner to Yiddish or Ladino. There is a chance the language will survive in Trakai as a result of official support as well as its appeal to tourists. Trakai is a former capital of Lithuania, and Karaites were brought there by Grand Duke Vytautas in 1397-1398 to defend the castle. www.freecaviar.com /search.php?title=Karaim_language   (158 words)

Benjamin Hary In addition to regular radio news broadcasts in Hebrew, Arabic, English and Russian, there are additional broadcasts in Yiddish, Judeo-Spanish, Rumanian, Hungarian, Polish, French and the language of Ethiopia, Amharic. In most countries, the language of the news media is very limited, said Benjamin Hary, associate professor of Hebrew and Arabic in the Department of Middle Eastern Studies and director of the Linguistics Program. Because the population of Israel is made up of people from many countries, radio news is broadcast in about 14 languages besides Hebrew, said Hary. www.emory.edu /EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/1997/April/erapril.7/4_7_97BenHary.html   (581 words)

meet3 The document was translated into at least 7 languages and enjoyed wide circulation between the wars. Family names - over 10% of names were of Hebrew or Aramaic origin, nearly half of Arabic or Berber origin, just under 20% or romance origin. When a third of the Jewish community of Tunisia fell victim to the epidemics and famine that swept the country in 1866, 1867, and 1868, funds were raised for them throughout Europe through the AIU and the Board of Deputies of British Jews in London. www.u.arizona.edu /~shaked/Tunisia/meet3.html   (9903 words)

Ethnologue 14 report for language code:AJU Their Arabic is closer to Moroccan Arabic than to Moroccan Judeo-Arabic. Investigation needed: intelligibility with Tunisian Judeo-Arabic, Moroccan Spoken Arabic, bilingual proficiency in Hebrew. Much intelligibility with Tunisian Judeo-Arabic, some with Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic, but none with Judeo-Iraqi Arabic. www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=AJU   (173 words)

Multiglossia in Judeo-Arabic He has published extensively on Judeo-Arabic language and linguistics, Arabic linguistics and dialectology, the history of Judaic languages, and proficiency-based teaching of Hebrew and Arabic. This volume contains a study of multiglossia in Judeo-Arabic in addition to a critical edition, annotated translation, and a cultural and a grammatical study of The Purim Scroll of the Cairene Jewish Community, written in 1524 to commemorate the deliverance of the Jews of Cairo from Ahmad Pasha, the governor of Egypt. Part One places the language of the Judeo-Arabic text of the Scroll within the multiglossic history of Judeo-Arabic. www.brill.nl /product.asp?ID=6958   (344 words)

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