
	Where results make sense

Topic: Judicial system of Iran

	Judicial system of Iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, according to artical 168 of iran's constitution, certain cases involving the media, a jury is allowed to be the trier of fact.
		Iran is one of seven countries in the world that currently carries out the death penalty for homosexual acts: all of them justify this punishment with sharia.
		The Judiciary of The Islamic Republic of Iran
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Judicial_system_of_Iran (1056 words)

	Iran - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Iran
		Iran was declared an Islamic republic, and a new constitution, based on Islamic principles, was adopted.
		For the first time in a Western judicial system, Iran's leaders were held directly responsible for international terrorism in April 1997 when a German court ruled that they had ordered the murders of three Iranian Kurdish opposition activists in Berlin.
		Iran's intelligence ministry admitted in early January 1999 that its agents had been directly implicated in the recent murders of political and intellectual dissidents.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Iran (2743 words)

	Ali Akbar Davar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ali Akbar Davar (1888-1937) was the founder of the modern judicial system of Iran.
		In March of 1926, by the newly bestowed powers given to him through the parliament, he dissolved Iran's entire judiciary system, initiating a wave of fundamental restructuring and overhauling reforms with the aid of French judiciary experts.
		Iran's modern judiciary system was thus born in April of 1927 with 600 newly appointed judges in Tehran.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ali_Akbar_Davar (571 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Iran is considered to be one of the fifteen states that comprise the so-called "Cradle of Humanity".
		Iran is also hoping to attract billions of dollars worth of foreign investment by creating a more favorable investment climate, such as reduced restrictions and duties on imports and the creation of free-trade zones like in Chabahar and the Island of Kish.
		Iran is also expanding its trade ties with Turkey and Pakistan and shares with its partners the common vision for the creation of a single economic market in West and Central Asia.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Iran (3783 words)

	Iran : Emaddedin Baqi: human rights defender at risk - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Amnesty International is concerned that shortcomings in the judicial system in Iran facilitates the targeting and harassment of human rights defenders, limiting their ability to carry out human rights work.
		In Iran flaws in the structure of the administration of justice mean that politically motivated criminal charges frequently result in the sentencing and imprisonment of HRDs such as Emaddedin Baqi.
		Calling on the judicial authorities and governments of Iran to develop national plans of action to implement the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders as an important first step to ensure that human rights defenders are able to safely carry out their legitimate work without fear.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGMDE130442004?open&of=ENG-IRN (1051 words)

	Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran, by Ervand Abrahamian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The judicial system had routinized forced confessions." Ironically, the "modern" Shah introduced the use of torture as a tool of state policy, and his successor, a "medieval" ayatollah, expanded the practice and made it more systematic.
		In the current Jewish spy trial in Shiraz, Iran's judicial authorities have attempted to portray the case with a nuance that could confuse the naïve or uninformed observer.
		Iran's hard-line clerics seem to have assumed that anti-Jewish and anti-Israeli sentiment among rival factions of the regime was strong enough to make the trial popular.
	bahai-library.com /?file=farhang_abrahamian_tortured_confessions.html (2708 words)

	The Iranian: News & Views
		Separate civil and criminal courts which existed in Iran before the 1979 Islamic revolution remained in effect into the 1990s while elements of an Islamic justice system were introduced into the judiciary.
		According to the law, the separate systems of gathering evidence and passing judgment were combined, and the judge was made responsible for the case from beginning to end.
		The current system is strongly supported by Ayatollah Mohammad Yazdi, judiciary chief for nearly a decade and an influential voice in conservative political circles.
	www.iranian.com /News/Aug98/reform.html (555 words)

	American RadioWorks - My Name Is Iran
		Davar instituted judicial reforms characterized by the combination of the Shariah laws of Islam and the secular laws of France and Belgium.
		She was appointed President of the city court of Tehran in 1975, but had to resign this post during the 1979 Revolution because she was a woman.
		Rasool Nafisi was born and raised in a small desert-town in Iran and holds a law degree from Tehran University.
	americanradioworks.publicradio.org /features/iran/htmlversion/cast.html (1249 words)

	LEGAL CONSTRAINTS TO POLITICAL REFORM IN IRAN
		Given the fact that the head of Iran’s Supreme Judicial Council and the entire judicial branch are appointed by the faqih and not the president and are thus responsible to Ayatollah Khamenei, President Khatami’s effectiveness in relying on the “rule of law” to bring about political change in the country is severely constrained.
		The concept of criminal law in Iran differs from the notion of common law or other types of Western legal systems not just because it is religiously derived but because in many instances the subject of law is the victim’s family.
		In the same vein, Ayatollah Khomeini, responding to the domestic critics of Iran’s new penal code, stated: “When a measure of punishment is carried out, it teaches the person concerned a lesson and this is beneficial for the nation.
	www.mevic.org /papers/limits-of-change.html (4320 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Freedom of expression and association in Iran is curtailed by legal restrictions and by flaws in the administration of justice.
		Iran's judiciary lacks the structural independence guaranteed by the Constitution and there continues to be, at the time of writing, an absence of the separation of powers regarding the functions of investigator, prosecutor and judge.
		Article 156 of the Constitution states that the judiciary is ''an independent power, the protector of the rights of the individual and society, [and] responsible for the implementation of justice.'' Laws on the structure of the judiciary and current practice have, however, undermined the true independence of the judiciary.
	www.polpiran.com /Iran.htm (7260 words)

	SitNews - Letter: Alternative to the regime of Iran by Bahman Aghai Diba
		For a long time in Iran (hundreds of years), religious people had claimed that all problems in the society came from non-observance of Islamic rules and if religious Islamic leaders become political masters in the society, everything would be in order and justice would prevail all over the state.
		Iran is not an Arab country, contrary to what may Westerners think, and it is not a deeply Islamic country.
		Iran has suffered a lot due to the economic policies of the religious zealots who have tried to impose the Marxist economy under the Islamic disguise.
	www.sitnews.us /0405Viewpoints/042005_bahman_aghai_diba.html (3045 words)

	IranianVoice.org
		Why is Iran talking about enrichment program while it is guaranteed (by Russians) Nuclear fuel for the Busher Plan (not operational yet) for a many years to come, and the "other Nuclear power Plants" that are only talked about and would need fuel, would not be built (if at all) for many years in future.
		Both Iran and Syria are under pressure from the West and risk referral to the UN Security Council where they could face sanctions - Iran over its nuclear programme, Syria for not cooperating with the UN probe into the assassination of former Lebanese premier Rafik Hariri.
		Treating the issue of Iran's alleged nuclear ambition as a hot potato, the European trio of Britain, Germany and France have decided to pass it on to the International Atomic Energy Agency and from there to the U.N. Security Council.
	www.iranianvoice.org /modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=627 (876 words)

	SitNews - Letter: Iran: the land of political midgets in training By Bahman Aghai Diba
		The nomadic Arabs that invaded Iran under the banner of Islam were so incorporated into the government and political system of Iran that gradually they were left with nothing from their Arabic origins except than a few Arabic words with Persian accent.
		Only in the last 26 years, and during the time that some people call it the second invasion of Iran by the Arabs, an army of illiterate Mullahs (it is funny that Mullah means learned) and their lackeys have been trained in Iran.
		It is interesting that during the time that it was said the president-elect of Iran was a members of the student gang who attacked the American embassy, the Iranian Islamic government made propaganda that he was not a party to this shameful act.
	www.sitnews.us /0705Viewpoints/073005_bahman_diba.html (1806 words)

	Amnesty International Report 2004 Launch - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Now, in our view, any judicial system that is able to provide a fair trial, prevent torture and not have the death penalty, should be able to try people and certainly that is the case in any really sovereign state.
		The only issue in the case of the Iraqi system is whether that system is able to do that, and that to us there is a question mark.
		And we have been saying from before the war started that one of the main challenges was going to be to rebuild that system in such a way that now we wouldn’t have to worry about whether they are able or not to bring people before their own courts, whether they are Iraqis or foreigners.
	news.amnesty.org /pages/AR2004-transcriptqanda (1767 words)

	Appeal against deportation
		He submits that he has demonstrated this "real risk" by reference to various reports on the political situation and the judicial system in Iran and on the vigorous anti-drugs campaign pursued in Iran since 1989.
		In the first place, the British Government refer to various reports on Iran, to other countries' experiences in expelling persons to Iran and to the domestic authorities' evaluation of the evidence presented by the applicant as to the risk to him if expelled.
		The British Government argue that the applicant has not demonstrated a real risk that his drugs convictions or his long absence from Iran as a political refugee would result in his being treated in a manner contrary to Articles2 and 3 of the Convention should he be expelled to Iran.
	www.iranian.com /Feb97/Features/Immigration/Immigration.shtml (939 words)

	Judicial Security Prerequisite to Social and Economic Security (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		If there is judicial security, then political, economic, social and cultural security will be created, he said.
		Elsewhere in his speech Aytollah Khemenei said observing rules and regulations, the Judiciary must try to win the confidence of the people, adding, the fulfillment of justice and maintaining people's security and preservation of their rights should be top on the agenda of the Judiciary.
		People must pin their hopes on the observation of justice in all judicial centers, he said adding no judicial offense must be overlooked.
	www.mehrnews.com /en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=7915 (539 words)

	Human Rights Watch World Report 2001: Iran: Human Rights Developments
		Mahmoud Ali Chehregani, an advocate of the rights of the Azeri minority, was prevented from registering as a candidate for the election in Tabriz by being detained by local police until after the registration deadline had passed.
		In April, leading Iranian reformist politicians attended an international conference on Iran in Berlin, which was also attended by banned, exiled political activists.
		Although the organization claimed to be targeting officials, several civilians were killed or injured in incidents, such as a mortar attack on the presidential office in downtown Tehran in February.
	www.hrw.org /wr2k1/mideast/iran.html (2836 words)

	Zionists organize international campaign to free Jews arrested for spying in Iran
		Iran replied firmly that it would not permit such outrageous interference in its internal affairs.
		In a press release on June 13, Iran's Permanent Mission to the UN in New York pointed out that "Those arrested include both Muslims and Jews and their arrests followed an extensive undercover operation." Jewish leaders in Iran condemned "the recent hype...
		Ayatullah Yazdi, the head of Iran's judicial system, was clear in his Friday khutbah on June 11, saying that the normal judicial procedures would be followed without regard to international interference.
	www.muslimedia.com /ARCHIVES/world99/iran-jew.htm (888 words)

	Iran News - "No torture in Iran?s judicial system": Alizadeh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Concerning the recent statements issued by different European circles on Iran?s human rights and judicial situation, Alizadeh noted: ?We have to make the Human Rights Commission understand two main issues.
		Human rights advocates and organizations have recently built up pressure on Iran to change its policies regarding its judicial rules.
		However Iranian officials obstinately try to play down the protests through every possible means, turning a deaf ear to critics who decry Iran?s insular approach toward such issues.
	iranmania.com /News/ArticleView?NewsCode=29478&NewsKind=Current+Affairs (487 words)

	Iran: Amnesty International's Human Rights Concerns
		Iran: Amnesty International calls for end to death penalty for child offenders
		Iran: Inquiry needed in the death of Bahai prisoner of conscience
		Iran: Prisoner of Conscience Appeal Case: Hamid Pourmand: Imprisonment due to religious belief
	amnestyusa.org /countries/iran/document.do?... (137 words)

	Asia Times - Asia's most trusted news source for the Middle East
		According to Mahdi, the Islamization of Iran's judicial system was one of the most devastating aspects of the revolution.
		Following the revolution, Iran became internationally isolated and mismanagement of the economy led to a sharp decline in living conditions.
		In Iran, media reported that millions of people attended rallies around the country last week to reconfirm their allegiance to the 1979 revolution.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/FB18Ak03.html (1589 words)

	Bahai News - THE 86TH INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE
		Their fundamental principles are those of independence, impartiality and objectivity in noting the extent to which the position in each State appears to conform to the terms of ILO Conventions which they have ratified.
		Judicial punishments amounting to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment -- including stoning, crucifixion, mutilation and flogging -- continue to be imposed.
		The judicial system in Iran considers religious edicts, particularly those of eminent religious jurists such as Ayatollah Khomeini, to be a parallel source of law to acts of Parliament.
	www.uga.edu /bahai/News/050198.html (4675 words)

	Iran News - Thailand-Iran favor MoU on extraditing criminals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		LONDON, September 10 (IranMania) - Iran?s ambassador to Thailand, Mohsen Pak-Aeen, conferred with Thailand?s Deputy Prime Minister Chidchai Vanasaditya.
		Chidchai, who is also Thai justice minister, said Thailand is aware of Iran?s significant role in legal affairs and welcomes exchange of know-how in legal and judicial affairs, IRNA reported.
		He added that Iran?s judicial system is efficient in terms of reducing crimes.
	iranmania.com /News/ArticleView?NewsCode=35364&NewsKind=Current+Affairs (284 words)

	AllRefer.com - Israel - The Judicial System of Israel \| Israeli Information Resource
		The Judiciary Law of 1984 formalized the judicial structure consisting of three main types of courts: civil, religious, and military.
		As was the case during the British Mandate, courts do not use the jury system; all questions of fact and law are determined by the judge or judges of the court concerned, and the system upholds the principle of innocence until proven guilty.
		Finally, distinct from court-martial proceedings is the military court system, empowered to prosecute civilians for offenses against defense emergency regulations.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/israel/israel103.html (1361 words)

	Iran Daily - National - 06/29/05
		He added that the reform in the judicial branch of power is being undertaken through modern approaches and in line with theological and religious principles originally suggested by Martyr Beheshti.
		Ahmadinejad invited President Chavez to visit Iran in the near future to exchange views on bilateral and international issues.In related news, Turkish President Ahmet Necdet Sezer, Libyan Leader Muammar Qaddafi, Uzbek President Islam Karimov and Azerbaijan’s President Elham Aliyev also sent messages of felicitation to Ahmadinejad on his election as the new president of Iran.
		He expressed hope that the Malian president’s visit to Iran will be a good step in boosting cooperation between Iran and Africa in general and between Tehran and Bamaco in particular.
	www.iran-daily.com /1384/2311/html/national.htm (1871 words)

	IranianVoice.org - IRAN TENSE AS 'QODS DAY' APPROACHES
		Indeed, the demonstrations are about something bigger than Aghajari or Iran's judicial system: They are about a desire for complete systemic reform.
		In Iran, the last week of November could be full of tension and violence.
		Qods Day is traditionally an occasion for the regime to stage rallies throughout the country, and it could turn into an excuse for some of the hard-line groups to act against individuals they see as domestic enemies.
	www.iranianvoice.org /article627.html (482 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)