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Topic: Jukes and Kallikaks

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Jukes and Kallikaks
		The Jukes and the Kallikaks were pseudonyms for two families used as examples during the latter 19th century and early 20th century to argue that there was a genetic disposition toward anti-social behavior or low intelligence.
		The Jukes family was described by Richard L. Dugdale in 1877 in The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity.
		The Kallikak family was described by Henry H. Goddard in 1912 in The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Jukes_and_Kallikaks (286 words)

	Jukes - AOL Music
		Jukes is the only club in the West Michigan area to focus on the roots of American music.
		The Jukes and the Kallikaks were pseudonyms for two families used as examples during the latter 19th century and early 20th century to argue that there was...
		In 1875 Richard L. Dugdale made the first public announcement of his study of the Juke family in the annual report of the Prison Association of New York,...
	music.aol.com /artist/jukes/188491/main (160 words)

	DHM: Library - Tests Of Hereditary Intelligence (Document)
		There are, for example, a number of notorious families -- the Kallikaks, the Jukes, the Hill Folk, the Nams, the Zeros and the Ishmaelites, who have a long and persistent record of degeneracy.
		Whether these bad family histories are the result of a bad social start or of defective germplasm is not entirely clear, but the weight of evidence is in favor of the view that there is a taint in the blood.
		For these gentlemen seem to think that if Gallon's conclusion about judges and the tale of the Kallikaks are accepted, then two things follow: first, that by analogy (3) all the graduations of intelligence are fixed in heredity, and second that the tests measure these different grades of heredity intelligence.
	www.disabilitymuseum.org /lib/docs/1727.htm?page=1 (673 words)

	Jukes and Kallikaks: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As a general concept the Jukes Family represented inherited criminal (Someone who has committed (or been legally convicted of) a crime) ity and the Kallikak Family inherited mental retardation (Lack of normal development of intellectual capacities).
		A follow-up to Dugdale's work was published by Arthur H. Estabrook of the Eugenics Records Office at Cold Spring Harbor, New York in 1916 as The Jukes in 1915.
		The Kallikak family was described by Henry H. Goddard (additional info and facts about Henry H. Goddard) in 1912 in The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness (additional info and facts about The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/ju/jukes_and_kallikaks.htm (218 words)

	Cd Juke Box
		Juke Box Records was the first label of Art Rupe, launched in 1946.
		''.]] The Jukes and the Kallikaks were pseudonyms for two families used as examples during the latter 19th century and early 20th century to argue that there was a genetic disposition toward anti-social behavior or low intelligence.
		The arguments were used to bolster advocacy of eugenics, or the "scientific" breeding of human beings, by demonstrating that traits deemed socially inferior could be passed down from generation to generation.
	www.breadlike.com /pages7/16/cd-juke-box.html (809 words)

	UVa-HSL :: Historical Collections : Eugenics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Their view of eugenics, as applied to human populations, drew from the agricultural model of breeding the strongest and most capable members of a species while making certain that the weakest members do not reproduce.
		These charts were used to scientifically quantify the assertion that human frailties such as profligacy and indolence were genetic components that could be passed from one generation to the next.
		Two studies were published that charted the propensity towards criminality, disease, and immoral behavior of the extended families of the Jukes and the Kallikaks.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/library/historical/eugenics/2-origins.cfm (845 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Terman (1916) Chapter 1
		It was estimated that the Hill Folk have in the last sixty years cost the State of Massachusetts, in charitable relief, care of feeble-minded, epileptic, and insane, conviction and punishment for crime, prostitution, pauperism, etc., at least $500,000.
		The Nam family and the Jukes give equally dark pictures as regards criminality, licentiousness, and alcoholism, and although feeble-mindedness was not as fully investigated in these families as in the Kallikaks and the Hill Folk, the evidence is strong that it was a leading trait.
		Of 540 Jukes, practically one fifth were born out of wedlock, 37 were known to be syphilitic, 53 had been in the poorhouse, 76 had been sentenced to prison, and of 229 women of marriageable age 128 were prostitutes.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Terman/terman1.htm (5098 words)

	heredity
		The Jukes soon became the poster family for the feebleminded, and the mental defects as well as symbolized where the nation was headed if the social ills of society (the paupers, criminals etc.) were not controlled.
		Family histories, for example the Kallikaks, if they could be obtained, were all to often biased by a parents ignorance or humiliation of their background.
		The experiment documented in The Kallikak Family performed by Goddard, concluded that “feeblemindedness was hereditary and the cause of virtually all social ills, including pauperism, criminality, prostitution, and drunkenness” (Paul, 52).
	www.tandl.vt.edu /scied/alumni/portfolios_00/megeorg2/introtoheredity.html (2086 words)

	ABRAHAM, THE JUKES AND THE KALLIKAKS
		A typical case is that of the "Juke Family," which was first investigated in the year 1877, and re-investigated in 1915.
		To quote from the original study: "From one lazy vagabond nicknamed 'Juke,' bom in rural New York in 1720, whose two sons married five degenerate sisters, six generations numbering about 1,200 persons of every grade of idleness, viciousness, lewdness, pauperism, disease, idiocy, insanity, and criminality were traced.
		A striking illustration of bow superiority and degeneracy are alike rigidly determined by heredity is afforded by the "Kallikak Family," of New Jersey.[2] During the Revolutionary War, one Martin "Kallikak," a young soldier of good stock, had an illicit affair with a feebleminded servant-girl, by whom he had a son.
	www.kurtsaxon.com /atheist006.htm (4985 words)

	Jukes and Kallikaks
		In Reply to: Re: Jukes and Callycats posted by Stella on March 13, 2000
		: : My father recently used the phrase: "we looked like a bunch of Jukes and Callycats." When I asked him what that meant he said it came from a sociological study of inbreeding done in the 30's or 40's.
		: It's Jukes and Kallicaks, (guessing at spelling) pseudonyms for two families who were studied to determine whether deviant behavior is hereditary.
	www.phrases.org.uk /bulletin_board/4/messages/638.html (84 words)

	"Gone to Croatan" - Croatan - tribe.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		I myself grew up on legends of the "Kallikaks" of the nearby New Jersey Pine Barrens (and of course on Lovecraft, a rabid racist who was fascinated by the isolate communities).
		The "isolate communities"--at least, those which have retained their identity into the 20th century--consistently refuse to be absorbed into either mainstream culture or the fl "subculture" into which modern sociologists prefer to categorize them.
		But the autonomous zones of the Buccaneers and Maroons, Ishmaels and Moors, Ramapaughs and "Kallikaks" remain, or their stories remain, as indications of what Nietzsche might have called "the Will to Power as Disappearance." We must return to this theme.
	tribes.tribe.net /croatan/thread/dea187c5-9d6e-4ac4-aab4-90e93e377028 (2930 words)

	Re: Jukes and Kallikaks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In Reply to: Jukes and Kallikaks posted by bob on March 13, 2000
		: : : My father recently used the phrase: "we looked like a bunch of Jukes and Callycats." When I asked him what that meant he said it came from a sociological study of inbreeding done in the 30's or 40's.
		: : It's Jukes and Kallicaks, (guessing at spelling) pseudonyms for two families who were studied to determine whether deviant behavior is hereditary.
	www.phrases.org.uk /bulletin_board/8/messages/999.html (93 words)

	Don Harlow reviews Hidalgo
		Back when I was younger, there was much talk about “hybrid vigor” — the idea that when you mix two different breeding lines of the same species, you get a stronger (all senses of the word), better variant of the species.
		This is, of course, the opposite of the idea that when you inbreed too strongly, you end up with Jukes and Kallikaks.
		Strangely, the concept of hybrid vigor was rarely applied to humans or horses, where “thoroughbreds” were considered stronger and better variants; the Nazis were not, in that long-ago age, the only conservators of the idea of “racial purity”.
	www.harlows.org /don/reviews/hidalgo.php (665 words)

	Biological and Psychological Theories of Deviance
		Body type and social meaning--the boys were already judged to be delinquent.
		"The Jukes" by Dugdale (1877): 180 of 700 family members--welfare, 140--criminals
		"The Kallikaks" by Goddard (1912): Martin and "feebleminded barmaid vs Martin and "good, normal" girl.
	www.umsl.edu /~rkeel/200/biotheor.html (316 words)

	[No title]
		He reviews the Jukes and Kallikaks stories, the family trees that were supposed to show the need for eugenics (see chapter 3), and says that there are hundreds of families like them.
		The first mother is known as "Margaret, the mother of criminals." In seventy-five years the progeny of the original generation has cost the state of New York over a million and a quarter dollars, besides giving over to the care of prisons and asylums considerably over a hundred feeble-minded, alcoholic, immoral, or criminal persons.
		(Footnote: The name Kallikak is fictitious.) This family has been traced back to the War of the Revolution, when a young soldier named Martin Kallikak seduced a feeble-minded girl.
	www2.xlibris.com /bookstore/book_excerpt.asp?bookid=1871 (6889 words)

	Techdirt: Watson Says Stupidity & Ugliness Should Be Cured
		Jukes and Kallikaks by dorpus on Mar 3rd, 2003 @ 12:45pm
		Back in the 1920s, fictitious families like the Jukes and Kallikaks became part of popular parlance, families of idiots and criminals who were begotten by miscegination and were breeding out of control.
		Hollywood aesthetics have changed since, and now most celebrities are either multiracial or look multiracial.
	www.techdirt.com /articles/20030303/1227256.shtml (731 words)

	Let the Evolutionists Win
		Hunter compares the Jukes and Kallikaks, pseudonyms for two families, one inheriting criminality (Jukes) and the other inheriting mental retardation (Kallikaks), “to show the need for eugenics.” Hunter’s A Civic Biology includes some rather impolitic suggestions:
		The first mother is known as “Margaret, the mother of criminals.” In seventy-five years the progeny of the original generation has cost the state of New York over a million and a quarter dollars, besides giving over to the care of prisons and asylums considerably over a hundred feeble-minded, alcoholic, immoral, or criminal persons.
		She had a feeble-minded son from whom there have been to the present time 480 descendants.
	www.americanvision.org /articlearchive/12-16-05.asp (1045 words)

	Against Their Will
		The danger is in the moron group which includes a host of physically attractive individuals whose IQ's are lower than a January thermometer reading.
		Family studies (we all remember the Jukes, the Kallikaks and the Nams) indicate that certain types of feeble-mindedness appear to be hereditary.
		The doctors, providing they have an adequate family history to guide them, can come close to spotting the hereditary types.
	extras.journalnow.com /againsttheirwill/background/documentsbody17a.html (3281 words)

	Social Darwinism
		Feeding or housing the poor simply permitted them to survive and to transmit their unfitness to their children, who in turn would pass it on to their children.
		A spurious piece of sociology about two families known as the Jukes and the Kallikaks purported to trace a race of criminals and prostitutes to two persons in the Revolutionary War.
		This study was used for many years to demonstrate that "inferiority" was inherited.
	www.ioa.com /~shermis/socjus/socdar.html (1171 words)

	The Old Cause
		I mean, in sooth, our forebears in speech, who gave us our English tongue, wherewith we talk, write, wrangle, and broadly hoodwink one another.
		I spell this out, lest tightly-wound, high-minded busybodies within the wider fellowship we call the English-speaking world feel driven to tell us that many folk who now speak and think in English are not, indeed, the offspring of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes (or even the Jukes and Kallikaks).
		One wouldn't wish to be tagged as 'unfeeling.' Still less would one wish to be seen as fostering romantick hellbentness and selfmindedness about Old English and its sibling tongues.
	www.antiwar.com /stromberg/pf/p-s091900.html (1213 words)

	Understanding the Disorganized/Organized Typology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On the other end of the intelligence spectrum, there's an old area of criminology that can be called the "Mental Deficiency" school of thought.
		In it would be included the old "pedigree" studies of The Jukes and The Kallikaks by Dugdale and Goddard as well as the modern Learning Disabilities literature (the LD-JD connection).
		There's also some fairly well known averages of IQs in the incarcerated offender population (about 75 over the years) as opposed to the more successful, ABLE offenders (about 115 according to some studies).
	faculty.ncwc.edu /toconnor/428/428lect07.htm (4226 words)

	2blowhards.com: The Newspaper of the Future
		Posted by: Rachel on November 15, 2006 12:33 PM Yes, "critics claim" that newspaper coverage is biased.
		More and more readers who now have alternative means of acquiring information are fed up with newspaper writer and editor prima donnas who decide what news is ideologically pure and is safe to place in the hands of the Jukes and Kallikaks known as the public.
		Posted by: Rick Darby on November 15, 2006 1:06 PM Some of this may be right up my alley.
	www.2blowhards.com /archives/2006/11/the_newspaper_o.html (4028 words)

	Amazon.com: Profile For charles falk: Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The biology textbook at the center of the trial endorsed eugenics as a way of improving mankind.
		Speaking of Jukes and Kallikaks, its author wrote, "...if such people were lower animals we would probably kill them off to prevent them from spreading." Eugenics would shortly be used to justify involuntary sterilization in this country and, within a few years, the Nazi death camps.
		It is too bad that we liberals who, down the years, have snickered at Bryan's performance at the trial haven't had, until now, the opportunity to read his undelivered closing argument.
	amazon.com /gp/cdp/member-reviews/AEC46NVS07MJ9 (3115 words)

	ScienceWeek Editorials
		We have traveled this miserable road before, in the social Darwinism of a hundred years ago and in the eugenics movement of the 1920s.
		Brooks, it seems, would like to return our thinking to the era of the Jukes and Kallikaks.
		The Jukes and the Kallikaks were pseudonyms for two families used as examples during the late 19th century and early 20th century to argue for the existence of a genetic disposition toward anti-social behavior or low intelligence.
	scienceweek.com /editorials.htm (8757 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		The popular eugenics movements, meanwhile, succeeded in rapidly introducing eugenic ideas into public discourse.
		Accounts of generations of misfits in such "white trash" family lines as the "Jukes" and the "Kallikaks" were widely publicized, warning that an unwise reproductive act could wreak havoc for generations (Rafter, White Trash).
		Following British successes at health exhibitions before the turn of the century, American eugenic organizations took a particular interest in maintaining exhibits and events at state fairs and public expositions.
	www.fathom.com /feature/122169/index.html (2644 words)

	Gone to Croatan -- Hi, Iconomy! \| MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The questions raised are what is race, tribe and family...among others.
		Included by extension are Hakim Bey, The Moorish Orthodox Church, various tribes of Black Indians, Jukes, Kallikaks, Margaret Sanger, The Bell Curve and Heather Locklear.
		anti-immigrant phobia led to a moral panic over miscenegation, that gave us the Jukes and Kallikaks, Eugenics Movement, Margaret Sanger and by extension, the Holocaust, the Bell Curve and the origins of Planned Parenthood is a matter of fact as well
	www.metafilter.com /comments.mefi/21650 (4587 words)

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