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	Julian of Norwich - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Even her name is uncertain, the name "Julian" coming from the Church of St. Julian in Norwich, where she occupied a cell adjoining the church as an anchoress.
		At the age of thirty, suffering from a severe illness and believing she was on her deathbed, Julian had a series of intense visions.
		Julian's theology was optimistic, speaking of God's love in terms of joy and compassion as opposed to law and duty (note the famous quote below).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Julian_of_Norwich (319 words)

	The Boke of Margery Kempe and the Shewings of Julian of Norwich
		Julian's Book of Showings is more narrowly focused as a spiritual autobiography which she revised once and reissued in the form from which the Norton excerpts are reprinted.
		For instance, Julian's understanding of the deity's relationship with the created universe, which he places in her hand as the "little thing, the quantity of an hazelnut" (358), is not the power-mad raving of someone out to claim egotistical superiority to others' knowledge.
		Julian of Norwich represented spiritual authority to Margery, and she was a figure powerful enough to command respect and material support as she pursued decades of meditation while trying to make sense of the "showings" she experienced while near death due to illness.
	faculty.goucher.edu /eng211/Margery%20Kempe%20and%20Julian%20of%20Norwich.html (2374 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Julian of Norwich
		Norwich, close to the coast in East Anglia, was one of the largest and most prosperous English cities; it had close trading and cultural ties with Northern Europe, where individualized and passionate forms of religion had developed, especially among women.
		Julian recovered from her illness and lived on for many years; the date of her death is uncertain, but she is known to have been still alive in 1416.
		Julian notes not only that she saw “no kind of anger in God” but also that she did not see sin, or the Jews bringing about the death of Jesus, or humanly imposed penance, or “the ministration of angels”.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=5187 (1347 words)

	Mother Julian of Norwich
		Julian's book, Revelations of Divine Love, was the distillate of a divine visitation that occurred amidst horrific developments in the fourteenth century.
		In it all Julian's confidence in the gospel and her affirmation of "Holy Church" and her grasp of the meaning of her "revelations" remained resilient.
		Julian never hesitate to speak of Jesus Christ as "our mother." In this, however., she was not supporting the current feminisation of God.
	www.victorshepherd.on.ca /Heritage/Julian.htm (942 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Juliana of Norwich
		She was probably a Benedictine nun, living as a recluse in an anchorage of which traces still remain in the east part of the churchyard of St. Julian in Norwich, which belonged to Carrow Priory.
		It is probable that this is the manuscript cited by Francis Blomefield, the eigtheenth-century historian of Norfolk, and that a misreading of the date led to the statement that she was still living in 1442.
		Attempts have been made to identify her with Lady Julian Lampet, the anchoress of Carrow, references concerning legacies to whom occur in documents from 1426 to 1478; but this is manifestly impossible.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08557a.htm (715 words)

	John Noffsinger: Julian of Norwich and the Enigma of Divine Revelation
		Julian is suggesting here the possibility of achieving a unified consciousness, one not split between the false dichotomies of human and divine or body and soul.
		Julian ultimately suggests that the function of the soul is to "surrender" itself to God in the quest for divine presence.
		It must be remembered that Julian herself calls the showings a "revelation of love," and the glory of reading her work is that we come away not with a sense of the affliction of sin but with the possibilities of transcending sin through the power of love.
	www.spiritualitytoday.org /spir2day/92441noffsinger.html (3116 words)

	T.L. Long/"Julian and Medieval Gender"
		Julian describes this maternal parenting and correcting when the child fails or falls as a mother touching and bringing a child to her face.
		Julian draws this discussion of the maternal trope to a conclusion in the sixty-second chapter in which she returns to the nature/grace distinction and describes God as simultaneously "very fader and very moder of kynde," seeming to contradict the distinction made in chapter 58 about the origins of the sensual in Christ.
		Julian of Norwich was a subtle strategist who sought to undo assumptions about women and to provide, in an Irigarayan sense, a new celebration of femininity through contemplation of Christ's "feminine" attributes.
	users.visi.net /~longt/julian.htm (3571 words)

	Julian of Norwich
		Julian affirms eternal truth with an approach that is in marked contrast to the popular piety of the late Middle Ages.
		Julian stresses the life of striving for virtue, but not in the highly negative manner common in her day, wherein rigid penance was the means to "atonement" for one's sin.
		Julian's references to "turning to holy Church" and to the sacraments is especially effective, considering her era was unequalled for corruption amongst the clergy, and she clearly is referring to the divine establishment of the Church as a continuance of Jesus' own ministry.
	www.gloriana.nu /julian.html (2870 words)

	Introducing "A Book of Showings" by Julian of Norwich
		Some recent activists have used Julian to support their demands for "inclusive language" for liturgy (i.e., avoiding the use of "Father" and "He" for God whenever possible for the sake of political correctness.) Others have ridiculed Julian for her "hazelnut theology", with the promise of peace and salvation without a left-wing political agenda.
		Julian was one such person, and she expressed the hope that people would not consider her a celebrity or focus on her, but on Christ.
		Julian's book is not intended as a guide to good living, but when she touches on this area, she refers to works of kindness to others more than to ascetic practices or formal worship.
	www.pathguy.com /julian.htm (2530 words)

	The Shewings of Julian of Norwich: Introduction
		Julian accepts her experience as answering previous, but forgotten, petitions to have bodily sight of the Crucifixion and to undergo in youth a severe illness in order to be "purged be [by] the mercy of God and after lyven [live] more to the worshippe of God because of that sekenesse" (lines 60-61).
		Julian's window into the church did not allow much view of the altar; the tabernacle housing the Blessed Sacrament, which then hung in front of the altar rather than being recessed upon it, was, however, fully visible.
		Julian's cell was three quarters of a mile from the cathedral; before her death, she had a closer neighbor, the execution place for Lollards, whose repression included, for the first time under Henry IV, burning.
	www.lib.rochester.edu /camelot/teams/julianin.htm (12011 words)

	Julian of Norwich: Essentialist and Feminist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Placing Julian of Norwich's deployment of the trope in a tradition derived from Anselm, Bynum points out that this tradition trades on three stereotypes of the female or mother--pregnant and sacrificial, loving and tender, nurturing (Jesus as Mother 131)--and that these terms are most often used by men to talk about themselves.
		For Julian of Norwich the concept of woman rests in the context of the concept of humans in relationship to the divine and only a fuller understanding of her anthropology and soteriology can begin to contextualize her womanist discourse.
		What is irreducible, therefore, in Julian of Norwich's Shewings are the traces of that authorized voice, insistent upon its authenticity against the canons of the male-dominated religious establishment, the besouled body from her cell empowering other more public women women like the vexed and vexing Margery Kempe.
	www.tncc.cc.va.us /faculty/longt/papers/Julian_Essentialist_&_Feminist.html (1933 words)

	Quaker Tour of England - Norwich - QuakerInfo.com
		Norwich Cathedral, officially named The Cathedral of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, is a magnificent Norman building with the second tallest cathedral spire in England.
		When she was 30, Julian became seriously ill. Two days after she received the Last Rites of the Church, she was granted a series of 15 visions which opened to her mystical depths of understanding about God, the Holy Trinity, the crucified Lord, and the life of Christians.
		The Julian of Norwich, Her Showing of Love and Its Contexts, Website - Internet version of the Julian Library Portfolio, a collection of booklets which began as a series of lectures given to Quakers on medieval mystics.
	www.quakerinfo.com /norwich.shtml (836 words)

	Julian of Norwich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Julian of Norwich was an Anchoress in the late Fourteenth century, whose series of divine "showings" (which she may or may not have actually scribed) have made a significant contribution to our understanding of what is now termed as "The feminine side of God".
		Julian is inclusive, not exclusive in her view of God.
		Julian was a proponent of affective piety, where one contemplates (stares at) an image or thing or text until the thing leads one to the presence of God which it represents.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/medieval_authors_retired/56265 (490 words)

	Julian of Norwich
		By 1394 she had become an anchorite, living in a cell attached to the parish church of St. Julian in Norwich (which may be the reason for the name we know her by); she was visited there by Margery Kempe in about 1413, and she was still living there in 1416.
		(g) "Julian of Norwich and the Enigma of Divine Revelation" (1992), by John Noffsinger, discusses Julian's understanding of the relationship between the human self and God, especially with reference to suffering and sin; Noffsinger quotes extensively from the translation of Colledge and Walsh.
		Julian of Norwich and the mystical body politic of Christ (Studies in spirituality and theology 59; 5).
	home.infionline.net /~ddisse/julian.html (3811 words)

	Theatre as meditation - Dame Julian of Norwich
		Over the next twenty years, in her cell as an anchoress attached to the church of St. Julian in Norwich, she meditated on these visions, expanding them, interpreting them, and finally giving them to the world in a longer text.
		Julian uses every image possible to underline the wonder of this love and in them all - particularly in her notable image of God as Mother - there is a marvellous sweetness and confidence.
		In this dramatic presentation of the words of Dame Julian, the audience is invited into her cell, to share with her the joy and wonder in her meeting with God, and to come to believe, with her, that 'all shall be well, and all shall be well, and all manner of thing shall be well'.
	www.di-ve.com /dive/portal/portal.jhtml?id=175231&pid=91 (498 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Julian of Norwich: Showings (Classics of Western Spirituality) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Julian, an anchoress who lived in solitude in Norwich, England in the late 14th century, received the 16 "showings" or revelations of God's love in a series of experienced visions.
		Julian of Norwich is only one of the medieval mystics who attempted to record the unspeakable, that without words, the mystical experience.
		All that's known about Julian of Norwich was that in 1373 a woman lay, at age 30, on her deathbed.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0809120917?v=glance (1732 words)

	Norwich To Host National Launch Of Heritage Open Days - 24 Hour Museum - official guide to UK museums, galleries, ...
		Norwich has more than 30 churches making it unique in northern Europe, but not all are open to the public.
		Julian of Norwich, just one of the many cultural characters associated with the city.
		Norwich Heritage Economic and Regeneration Trust is the groundbreaking initiative to regenerate, manage and promote one of the most remarkable heritage resources in the UK and in Europe.
	www.24hourmuseum.org.uk /nwh_gfx_en/ART27359.html (1172 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In May of 1373, Julian of Norwich, then thirty and a half years old, received revelations from Christ and the Virgin Mary which cured her of a serious illness.
		Little else is known of this anchoress, who lived outside the church of St. Julian and St. Edward in Norwich, which was a part of a Benedictine community at Carrow.
		Julian died sometime after 1413, when a will mentions her as a beneficiary.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/juliann.html (134 words)

	Women Mystics: Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe Study Questions
		Know the approximate life spans of Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe; when (approximately) their "visions" occurred, and when their respective texts were composed and written down (dates given in Norton).
		Review the Wife of Bath's Prologue, particularly her emphasis on experience as an alternative form of "authority" and her comments concerning the misogynistic nature of scriptural tradition (auctoritas, the "authoritative" texts written about women by men with no direct experience either of marriage or of what it is to be female; see also Translatio).
		The Showings of Julian of Norwich and The Book of Margery Kempe are not dream visions; rather, they are spiritual autobiographies recounting the actual dreams and visions of two female mystics.
	cla.calpoly.edu /~dschwart/engl512/women.html (747 words)

	Julian of Norwich: Her 'Showings' and Their Contexts
		The Julian of Norwich, Her Showings and Its Contexts, Website is an Internet version of the Julian Library Portfolio, a collection of booklets which began as a series of lectures given to Quakers on Medieval Mystics.
		Julian of Norwich's Showing: The Westminster Cathedral/Abbey Manuscript * (excerpts in Modern English, complete Middle English version to be available in first volume of the Julian Showings edition).
		Julian of Norwich's Showings in a Nutshell: The Manuscripts and Their Contexts.
	meltingpot.fortunecity.com /ukraine/324/julian.html (1040 words)

	Related Texts & Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Julian of Norwich (1342-{1416-1423}), referred to as Dame Julian by Margery Kempe, was an anchoress attached to the church of St. Julian and St. Edward in Norwich.
		An anchoress in medieval times was a woman who separated herself from society in order to devote her life to penance and prayer in solitude.
		The human mother will suckle her child with her own milk, but our beloved Mother, Jesus, feeds us with himself, and with the most tender courtesy does it by means of the Blessed Sacrament, the precious food of all true life (Chapters 59, 60).
	holycross.edu /departments/visarts/projects/kempe/related/julian.htm (538 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Julian of Norwich: Mystic and Theologian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Julian of Norwich: Showings (Classics of Western Spirituality) by Edmund Colledge
		The best introductions to Julian of Norwich's Revelations for those interested in the process of spiritual growth and healing.
		Julian of Norwich, an anchoress of the fourteenth century, has captured the imagination of our time in a remarkable way.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/080913991X?v=glance (646 words)

	Luminarium Book Store: Julian of Norwich
		Eleven essays on Julian of Norwich from the foremost
		in the Theology of the Shewings of Julian of Norwich
		medieval saints, Julian of Norwich and Francis of Assisi,
	www.luminarium.com /medlit/jonbook.htm (445 words)

	INDEX: GODFRIENDS' WEBSITES ON JULIAN OF NORWICH, HER 'SHOWING OF LOVE' AND ITS CONTEXTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		That was likely Julian's schooling at Benedictine Carrow Priory in Norwich, continued throughout her life.
		This Website, like Julian's Benedictinism, is intentionally a school of learning, a school for contemplation ; yet, like Julian of Norwich's Showing of Love, it is for everyone, wherever you may be in the world, poor or rich, crippled or whole, lay or cleric, children, women, men.
		we are about not only the theory, but also the practice, of Julian of Norwich's Showing of Love, in all its kaleidoscopic aspects, like dew upon cobwebs sparkling amidst mist, like the Gothic traceries of Julian's Cathedral of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Norwich.
	www.umilta.net (1286 words)

	THE JULIAN OF NORWICH, HER 'SHOWING OF LOVE' AND ITS CONTEXTS, WEBSITE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is possible that Julian of Norwich and Adam Easton, both associated with the Benedictines, were part of a hidden Jewish remnant in Norwich, following King John's expulsion of the Jews.
		A Circle of Angels: Marie d'Oignes, Angela of Foligno, Umilta` of Faenza, Birgitta of Sweden, Julian of Norwich, Margery Kempe, Francesca Romana Contemplative/Scholar.
		Julian at Prayer in a Lambeth Manuscript Contemplative prayers in a Julian-related manuscript at Lambeth Palace.
	www.umilta.net /julian.html (2302 words)

	Julian of Norwich
		Then, on the seventh day, the medical crisis passed, and she had a series of fifteen visions, or "showings," in which she was led to contemplate the Passion of Christ.
		She became an anchoress, living in a small hut near to the church in Norwich, where she devoted the rest of her life to prayer and contemplation of the meaning of her visions.
		There is an Order of Julian of Norwich within the Episcopal Church founded in Norwich, Conn., in 1982.
	www.satucket.com /lectionary/Julian_Norwich.htm (855 words)

	Preface: Contemplating on Julian of Norwich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The structuring of Julian's Web, like Dante's Web, and indeed, the creating of a website, with its hypertext links, is as complex as are shapes in Nature, where God plays games with flowers, having them mirror suns and stars, and where intertwines of dewy cobwebs and of thistledown weave intricacies.
		Julian does so with a hazelnut in the palm of her hand, with scales of a herring, with raindrops from thatched eaves.
		So, in studying Julian, one finds she is not alone, but part of a vast, Pan-European network of mystical theologians, women and men, linking together their writing and their contemplation.
	www.umilta.net /preface.html (4205 words)

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