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	Julian the Apostate - OrthodoxWiki
		Julian the Apostate was the Roman emperor from 361 to 363.
		Julian, who had become skeptical of Christianity due to the intrigues and murders under Constantius, restablished the persecution of Christians upon his ascent to the imperial throne.
		By recalling exiled bishops, Julian encouraged dissension among the Christians, who were already fighting the heresy of Arius.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Julian_the_Apostate (492 words)

	Julian the Apostate Summary
		Julian remained in retirement, but when Gallus proved to be cruel and incompetent and was executed, Julian was summoned to the court in Milan to free himself of suspicion of treasonable involvement with his half brother.
		Julian was succeeded by the short-lived Emperor Jovian.
		Julian's life and reign were the subject of the novel "The Death of the Gods (Julian the Apostate)" (1895) in the trilogy of historical novels entitled "Christ and Antichrist" (1895-1904) by the Russian Symbolist poet, novelist and literary theoretician Dmitrii S. Merezhkovskii.
	www.bookrags.com /Julian_the_Apostate (3521 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Julian the Apostate (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Julian was succeeded by the short-lived Emperor Jovian.
		Julian's life and reign were the subject of the novel "The Death of the Gods (Julian the Apostate)" (1895) in the trilogy of historical novels entitled "Christ and Antichrist" (1895-1904) by the Russian Symbolist poet, novelist and literary theoretician Dmitrii S. Merezhkovskii.
		Julian's tale was told by his closest companion, the christian saint, Caesarius and accounts for the transition from a Christian philosophy student in Athens to a Pagan Roman Augustus of the old nature.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Julian-the-Apostate (5493 words)

	Julian the Apostate (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Julian is called "The Apostate" because he reverted from Christianity to Paganism, suppressed the persecution of pagans and destruction of temples that had followed Constantine I 's official encouragement of Christianity.
		Julian's religious status is a matter of considerable dispute; he did not practice normative civic paganism of the earlierempire, but a kind of magical approach to classical philosophy sometimesidentified as theurgy.
		In his tolerance edict of 362, Julian decreed the reopening of pagan temples, the restitution of alienated temple properties,and called back the bishops that were exiled by church edicts.
	www.therfcc.org /julian-the-apostate-100959.html (559 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Julian the Apostate
		Julian was the last direct descendent of the Constantinian line to ascend to the purple, and it is one of history's great ironies that he was the last non-Christian emperor.
		Julian seems to have given up actual Christian belief before his acclamation as emperor and was a practitioner of more traditional Greco-Roman religious beliefs, in particular, a follower of certain late antique Platonist philosophers who were especially adept at theurgy as was noted earlier.
		Julian wished for his religious officials to serve in this same capacity, and it infuriated him that Christian leaders were usurping a role that was rightly his to bestow.
	www.roman-emperors.org /julian.htm (7570 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - JULIAN THE APOSTATE (FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS):
		This novel suggestion was propounded by him in a letter addressed to the "Community of the Jews," at the beginning of the year 363.
		In this epistle Julian alludes to his abolition of the heavy taxes which had been imposed upon the Jews and to his desire to treat them amicably.
		The work probably was never commenced; for Julian fell in the war against Persia, and with his death the condition of Israel changed for the worse.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=716&letter=J&search=Julian (672 words)

	Julian the Apostate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The later emperor’s study of Iamblichus of Chalcis and theurgy are a source of criticism from his primary chronicler, Ammianus Marcellinus.
		This provoked an insurrection by Petulantes troops, who proclaimed Julian emperor in Paris, and led to a very swift military campaign to secure or win the allegiance of others.
		The works of Julian were edited and translated by Wilmer Cave Wright as The Works of the Emperor Julian (3 vols.).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Julian_the_Apostate (2762 words)

	Julian the Apostate - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		JULIAN THE APOSTATE [Julian the Apostate] (Flavius Claudius Julianus), 331?-363, Roman emperor (361-63), nephew of Constantine I; successor of Constantius II.
		After Gallus had been put to death, Julian was called from the quiet of a scholar's life and made (355) caesar.
		Julian was a writer of some merit, and his works have been translated into English by W. Wright (3 vol., 1913-24).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/J/JulianA1p.asp (390 words)

	Julian the Apostate/Riccotti - 1583 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Flavius Claudius Julianus (331-363) known to history as "Julian the Apostate," is one of the most interesting Roman Emperors (361-363), and his life is one of the most fascinating in all of ancient history.
		Julian's life reflects a contrast of vigor, intelligence and fairmindedness on the one hand and rashness on the other.
		Julian died in a disastrous campaign against the Persians in lower Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Kuwait) which he had pursued despite numerous "signs" and "warnings" against waging this war.
	www.standrewschurchsupply.com /Books/PrayerBooksDevotionals/JulianTheApostateRiccotti-1583.htm (369 words)

	The Emperor Julian
		Julian was born in Constantinople, the new imperial capital established by Constantine the Great.
		While Julian's brother Gallus was appointed Caesar (regional military commander) of part of the eastern empire under the emperor Constantius, only eventually to be accused of treason and executed like so others, Julian continued his philosophical and magical studies while keeping the outward appearance of pious Christianity.
		The combination of an earthquake in Jerusalem, Julian's death, and opposition from the rabbis (who were now the Jews' spiritual leaders in place of the former temple priesthood) put an end to the project shortly after work on it had begun.
	www.chasclifton.com /reviews/julian.html (1668 words)

	The Julian Society
		Known as "Julian the Apostate" because he had been raised a Christian but then later converted to Paganism, he worked to reestablish the worship of the ancient Goddesses and Gods and restore all forms of Pagan Religion.
		Julian's religious goal was simple and direct, to restore the honor and status which the ancient Pagan faiths had held since the beginning of time.
		Julian's aim was to rebuild and strengthen the various Pagan paths to insure their future survival.
	www.juliansociety.org (528 words)

	"Emperor Julian and Neoplatonism" by Madeline Clark
		Authorities agree that Julian was much loved as a just and humane ruler, adored by his troops for his fairness and consideration for their welfare, never asking them to do anything that he would not do himself.
		Julian's brief but active reign was at an end; yet the impetus he had given his reforms carried their influence in some degree into the after years.
		Julian emphasizes continually that Helios brings about the various activities of his solar realm, not directly to the beings, but through the means of countless other gods (angels, daemons, heroes, and others in the nature of archetypes who do not come into incarnation) -- what we might call the forces of nature.
	www.theosophy-nw.org /theosnw/world/med/me-mclk.htm (3980 words)

	Julian the Apostate - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Julian the Apostate
		Born in Constantinople, the nephew of Constantine the Great, he was brought up as a Christian but early in life became a convert to paganism.
		Thus, beginning with the fifteenth century, where our story finds us, Paris had already outgrown the three concentric circles of walls which, from the time of Julian the Apostate, existed, so to speak, in germ in the Grand-Châtelet and the Petit-Châtelet.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Julian%20the%20Apostate (190 words)

	Julian The Apostate
		Julian, the son of Constantius, who was a half-brother of Constantine the Great, was born in the year 331.
		Julian, in appearance, observed this condition, and, moreover, gave ostensible indications of a Christian zeal by serving as a reader in the church; but it is understood that he studied the orations of Libanius in secret, and had communication with distinguished apostles of heathenism, among whom was Maximus.
		Julian's criticisms indicate, perhaps, a rather larger acquaintance with the letter of the Bible than that which had been acquired by the older apologists for heathenism.
	www.edwardtbabinski.us /sheldon/julian_apostate.html (3471 words)

	Flavius Claudius Iulianus biography - S9.com
		- Gallus was banished, but Julian was allowed to remain in Constantinople, where he was carefully educated under the supervision of the family eunuch Mardonius, and of Eusebius, bishop of Nicomedia.
		Julian was trained to the profession of the Christian religion; but he became early attracted to the old faith, or rather to the idealized amalgam of paganism and philosophy which was current among his teachers, the rhetoricians.
		For some months he was confined at Milan (Mediolanum) until at the intercession of the empress Eusebia, who always felt kindly towards him, permission was given him to retire to a small property in Bithynia.
	www.s9.com /Biography/Julian-The-Apostate (292 words)

	Julian
		Julian was born in AD 332 at Constantinople, the son of Julius Constantius, who was a half-brother of Constantine the Great.
		So Julian in AD 355 was elevated to the rank of Caesar, was married with the emperor's sister Helena and was ordered to take to the Rhine to repel invasions by the Franks and Alemanni.
		But Julian's accession was by no means such a bloody one as when the three sons of Constantine had began their reign.
	www.roman-empire.net /collapse/julian.html (1392 words)

	Julian the Apostate. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		After Gallus had been put to death, Julian was called from the quiet of a scholar’s life and made (355) caesar.
		When Constantius, fearing Julian, ordered him (360) to send soldiers to assist in a campaign against the Persians, Julian obeyed, but his soldiers mutinied and proclaimed him augustus.
		Julian was a writer of some merit, and his works have been translated into English by W. Wright (3 vol., 1913–24).
	www.bartleby.com /65/ju/JulianAp.html (303 words)

	Julian the Apostate, "Julian the Emperor" (1888). Oration upon the Sovereign Sun. Addressed to Sallust.
		Julian the Apostate, " Julian the Emperor" (1888).
		Julian insists upon this proposition as being diametrically opposed to the cosmogonies of the Epicureans and the Christians.
		Julian seems to allude to the Egyptian notion (often cited by Plutarch) that the Sun was born of water.
	www.ccel.org /p/pearse/morefathers/julian_apostate_1_sun.htm (7370 words)

	The Julian Society Bookstore
		Julian's story is told with sweeping elegance here, as is the even later (but not as viable) final attempt to restore Paganism by the Eugenius, Caesar of the West in 395 AD.
		Julian considered himself to be a Neoplatonist, and a practitioner of Theurgy.
		The Emperor Julian was an initiate of Mithraism, an ancient Mystery religion which was one of the greatest early rivals to Christianity.
	www.juliansociety.org /bookstore.htm (3644 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Julian the Apostate
		Julian received a Christian training, but the recollection of the murder of his relatives sowed in him a bitter resentment against the authors of that massacre, and he extended this hatred to the Christians in general.
		Julian was presented on 6 November, 355, to the army as Caesar,
		Against the advice of Julian the imperial commissioner Decentius in the winter of 360 started with the picked troops by way of Paris and stopped here to rest: a mutiny now broke out, the troops appeared before Julian's residence, and enthusiastically proclaimed him Augustus.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08558b.htm (984 words)

	Amazon.com: Julian the Apostate: Books: G. W. Bowersock (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Julian the Apostate is one of those rare figures who forces us to react emotionally - no matter how objective we think we are.
		Julian was a complex man. He was a soldier, emperor, scholar, orator, philosopher, even a political prisoner for some years, and a deeply religious pagan.
		Julian the Apostate, the last pagan emperor of Rome, has been a central part of Christian demonology for the best part of the last two millenia.
	www.amazon.com /Julian-Apostate-G-W-Bowersock/dp/0674488822 (1532 words)

	Julian : Julian the Apostate
		Flavius Claudius Julianus, known as Julian the Apostate, was a Roman emperor who ruled from 361 to 363, as well as the son of a half-brother of Constantine I.
		Julian is called "The Apostate" because he reverted from Christianity to Paganism, and wished to roll back the persecution of pagans and destruction of temples that had followed Constantine I's official encouragement of Christianity.
		Julian advocated a policy of equal taxation and religious tolerance.
	www.fastload.org /ju/Julian_the_Apostate.html (368 words)

	Julian the Apostate and the Holy Temple (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Julian was concerned with both building a lasting monument to his rule and humbling the Christians, whom he despised.
		Julian's displeasure with Christianity had grown steadily after he turned twelve, and his panegyrics and orations had become steadily less committal to Christian doctrine.
		Julian's letter To the Community of the Jews was regarded alongside Cyrus' missive to the Babylonian Jews; however, their appreciation of a benevolent ruler did not translate into action.
	www.gibsoncondo.com /~david/convert/history.html (1703 words)

	Julian the Apostate, Against the Galileans (1923) pp.313-317. Introduction.
		Julian the Apostate, Against the Galileans (1923) pp.313-317.
		Julian's arguments against the Christian doctrine do not greatly differ from those used in the second century by Celsus, and by Porphyry in the third; but 315 his tone is more like that of Celsus, for he and Celsus were alike in being embittered opponents of the Christian religion, which Porphyry was not.
		For his task Julian had been well equipped by his Christian teachers when he was interned at Macellum in Cappadocia, and he here repays them for the enforced studies of his boyhood, when his naturally pagan soul rebelled against the Christian ritual in which he had to take part.
	www.tertullian.org /fathers/julian_apostate_galileans_0_intro.htm (1011 words)

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