Julian-day - Factbites

Julian-day - Factbites
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Topic: Julian-day

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	Julian calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A curious effect of this is that Caesar's assassination on the Ides (15th day) of March in 44 BC fell on 14 March 44 BC in the Julian calendar.
		A revised Julian calendar was proposed during a synod in Constantinople in May of 1923, consisting of a solar part which was and will be identical to the Gregorian calendar until the year 2800, and a lunar part which calculated Easter astronomically at Jerusalem.
		The Julian calendar was in general use in Europe from the times of the Roman Empire until 1582, when Pope Gregory XIII promulgated the Gregorian Calendar, which was soon adopted by most Catholic countries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Julian_calendar (2562 words)

	12.1.8 Julian_Day Procedure
		Julian Day numbers had their beginnings in a numbering system that was designed by Joseph Scaliger in 1583.
		Chronological Julian Day numbers were subsequently defined to start at midnight at the start of 1 January -4712 CE (Julian).
		Days were added and subtracted from time to time to keep the calendar on track with the season, which led to problems with planning and abuses for political purposes.
	www.lanl.gov /Caesar/node199.html (953 words)

	Calendar Conversions
		The Julian Day Number or JD of a particular instant of time is the number of days and fractions of a day since 12 hours Universal Time (Greenwich mean noon) on January 1, -4712, in the Julian proleptic calendar.
		The difference between the Julian and today's Gregorian calendar is that the Gregorian does not make centennial years leap years unless they are a multiple of 400.
		Julian dates may be applied both before the calendar was invented (proleptic) and after it was replaced as long as it is clear that the Julian leap year rules are being applied.
	www.geocities.com /atkuala/astro/cal_conversion.html (423 words)

	Julian Day Conversion
		On this chart, the month is along the left side, the day of that month is in the top row and the julian day is in the middle of the chart.
		To find the calendar day from a julian day, locate the julian day in the middle of the chart and follow the row to find the month and follow the column up to find the day.
		To find the julian day from a calendar day do the opposite, where the day and the month meet is the correct julian day.
	blightcast.coafes.umn.edu /JulianDay.htm (100 words)

	Julian Date Converter
		Julian dates (abbreviated JD) are simply a continuous count of days and fractions since noon Universal Time on January 1, 4713 BCE (on the Julian calendar).
		The omission of ten days of calendar dates was necessitated by the astronomical error built up by the Julian calendar over its many centuries of use, due to its too-frequent leap years.
		This application assumes that the changeover from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar occurred in October of 1582, according to the scheme instituted by Pope Gregory XIII.
	aa.usno.navy.mil /data/docs/JulianDate.html (570 words)

	Julian Day Numbers
		The Julian day number system is sometimes (erroneously) said to have been invented by Joseph Justus Scaliger (born 1540-08-05 JC in Agen, France, died 1609-01-21 JC in Leiden, Holland), who during his life immersed himself in Greek, Latin, Persian and Jewish literature, and who was one of the founders of the science of chronology.
		At some point students of calendrical science decided that the Julian day number system would be very useful in their field, provided the notion of a "day", i.e., "nychthemeron", were changed to accord with that notion as commonly used in connection with calendars.
		In order to specify the time of an event astronomers add a fractional component to the Julian day number, e.g., 0.25 = six hours (1/4 of 24 hours) after the start of the nychthemeron.
	www.hermetic.ch /cal_stud/jdn.htm (2907 words)

	Julian Day
		Julian Days can also be used to tell time; the time of day is expressed as a fraction of a full day, with 12:00 noon (not midnight) as the zero point.
		Julian Dates are very useful because they make it easy to determine the number of days between two events by simply subtracting their Julian Day numbers.
		The Julian Calendar is a way of reckoning the current date by a simple count of the number of days that have passed since some remote, arbitrary date.
	kstars.sourceforge.net /handbook/ai-julianday.html (413 words)

	Julian Day
		Julian Ephemeris Day (JDE or JED) is the JD coresponds to an instant of time measured in the Terrestrial Dynamical Time scale.
		The Julian day method was invented by Josefh Justus Scaliger and he named it "Julian" in honor of his father Julius Scaliger.
		Sidereal Julian Day is Julian Day in which its days are sidereal days instead of mean solar days.
	wise-obs.tau.ac.il /~eran/Wise/Util/Julian_Day.html (148 words)

	Julian day number and Julian period
		The Julian Day number is not a measure of time; it is actually a unit of count, a count of days.
		To set day one of the first Julian period, Scaliger calculated backwards to find the date on which all three of the cycles began on the same day (the beginning of the world?).
		Space programs and timekeeping laboratories use modified Julian Day numbers.
	www.sizes.com /time/dayJulianr.htm (988 words)

	The Julian and Gregorian Calendars
		The difference of the length of the Julian calendar year from the length of the real solar year is thus 0.0078 days (11.23 minutes) in the former case and 0.0076 days (10.94 minutes) in the latter case.
		Ten days were omitted from the calendar, and it was decreed that the day following (Thursday) October 4, 1582 (which is October 5, 1582, in the old calendar) would thenceforth be known as (Friday) October 15, 1582.
		The number of days omitted determines the date for the Spring equinox, an omission of ten days resulting in a date usually of March 20th.
	www.hermetic.ch /cal_stud/cal_art.html (3488 words)

	Julian Day Planner
		The Julian Day system is a simple count of days (and fractions thereof) since noon on Monday, 1 January 4713 BCE on the Julian calendar.
		OS X Tiger Dashboard widget clock that shows the current Julian Day and fraction, as well as a decimal analog clock; the lit portion of the dial denotes the hours of sunlight.
		The Julian Day Planner generally tries to be amusing while providing a decimal time system for day-to-day scheduling of your time.
	www.waxwolf.com /jdt (934 words)

	MODIFIED JULIAN DATE
		In the case of the Julian day count, the name was given because at the time, the Julian calendar was in use and, therefore, the epoch of the day count was fixed in respect to it.
		The Modified Julian Day, on the other hand, was introduced by space scientists in the late 1950's.
		Note that this day count conforms with the astronomical convention starting the day at noon, in contrast with the civil practice where the day starts with midnight (in popular use the belief is widespread that the day ends with midnight, but this is not the proper scientific use).
	tycho.usno.navy.mil /mjd.html (919 words)

	Tarek's Gregorian (Christian) /Hijri (Islamic)/ Julian / Hebrew (Jewish) / Chinese Universal Calendar Converter
		The discrepancy in days was caused by the use of the Gregorian calendar in the Low Countries, at a time when England and Scotland still adhered to the Julian calendar.
		The days of the month were designated by the method of counting backward from three dates: the calends, or first of the month; the ides, or middle of the month, falling on the 13th of some months and the 15th of others; and the nones, or 9th day before the ides.
		Leap year is so named because the extra day causes any date after February in a leap year to "leap" over one day in the week and to occur two days later in the week than it did in the previous year, rather than just one day later as in a normal year.
	bennyhills.fortunecity.com /elfman/454/calindex.html (2515 words)

	Julian Day Numbers
		Julian Day Numbers, or the Julian Date (JD), is the absolute count of days that have elapsed since Noon 1 January 4713 BC on the Julian Calendar, or on what may more strictly be called the Julian "Proleptic" Calendar, meaning the Julian Calendar as applied to an era prior to its actual use.
		Since the Julian Day begins at Noon (the pre-1925 convention of the Astronomical or Nautical Day), the Day Number for the corresponding Civil Day may be obtained by substracting 0.5 = 2,450,765.5.
		Thus, the Julian Day Number for 21 September 1997 on the Gregorian Calendar is 59 + 2,450,667 + -13 = 2,450,713.
	www.friesian.com /numbers.htm (1559 words)

	Julian and Gregorian Calendars
		The Julian day count is a common astronomical calendar that facilitates comparison and manipulation of dates.
		The simple solution would be to have the 366th day, after the start of the year, as a shared day between two years, but I know of no system that adapted this method.
		But, the desire to know when a particular date falls over the years is foiled by the fact that the length of a day, or lunar month, is not an integer number of units to the length of a solar year.
	www.pietro.org /Astro_Util_StaticDemo/MethodJulGregCal.htm (1132 words)

	2. The Christian Calendar
		In the Julian calendar the relationship between the days of the week and the dates of the year is repeated in cycles of 28 years.
		Often fractions of Julian day numbers are used, so that 1 January AD 2000 at 15:00 UTC is referred to as JD 2,451,545.125.
		In the Julian calendar, the Epact is the age of the moon on 22 March.
	www.tondering.dk /claus/cal/node3.html (7749 words)

	Julian Day calendar
		Julian Day calendar, system of astronomical dating that allows the difference between two dates to be calculated more easily than conventional civil calendars with their uneven months.
		The Julian Day number for Dec. 31, 1999, is 2,451,544; for Jan. 1, 2000, is 2,451,545; for Jan. 2, 2000, is 2,451,546; and so on.
		Dates are numbered consecutively from that day, regardless of the various changes made in civil calendars based on changing definitions of the year.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0826736.html (305 words)

	Toke Nørby. The Perpetual Calendar
		The last Julian day in Lithuania was 15 November 1915 and the first Gregorian day was 29 November 1915 (9).
		When Russia, which still maintained the Julian Calendar, in 1795 took control of the main part of Lithuania (Provinces Vilna, Grodno, Kovno, Mohilev, Vitebsk and Minsk (11)), the Julian calendar was reinstated by the Czar administration on 1 January 1800.
		I think that you should not miss this very old and special folklore (19): In the old days a women could ask for the leap day off and was allowed to make a man an offer of marriage, so all the spinsters were on the warpath on this special day.
	www.norbyhus.dk /calendar.html (8071 words)

	Julian's Day
		And Julian continued writing of her vision in books, composed when she was fifty, when she was seventy.
		JULIAN OF NORWICH, HER SHOWING OF LOVE AND ITS CONTEXTS ©
		Why we need to think of the little child who enters the kingdom of heaven, why we treasure the hazel nut, the olive leaf held in the palm of our hand, as like all of God's Creation, who despises nothing that he has made.
	www.umilta.net /day.html (882 words)

	PDC Live - Modified Julian Day
		Julian Day numbering was invented in 1583 by the French scholar, Joseph Justus Scaliger.
		Days are numbered consecutively from zero within the Julian Period, without any subdivisions in to months or years.
		Although small, the Julian Calendar's error of 0.0078 days per year mounted up over the centuries until by the late 1500s, the error was a noticeable 12 days.
	pdc.ro.nu /mjd.html (794 words)

	Julian Day Numbers With Forth
		The Julian Day Number of a calendar date is the number of days that have elapsed between it and noon of January 1, 4713 B.C. of our civil calendar.
		The day of the week of a date can be found by dividing the Julian day number by seven.
		The number of days between any two dates is the difference of their Julian day numbers.
	www.lenzettel.com /Julian.html (2138 words)

	Julian Day computations with Java
		The Julian Day or Julian Day Number is the continuous count of days since the year -4712.
		April 11, 2002 -- The Julian Day utility provides routines that are useful when performing astronomical ephemeris computations or simple date arithmetic.
		The following code example shows how to use JulianDay class to compute the Julian Day Number for a given date, compute the Gregorian calendar date for a given Julian Day Number, perform simple date arithmetic, calculate day of week from Julian Day Number, and use the utility to format a date for output.
	www.raben.com /articles/JulianDay/JulianDayTutorial.html (333 words)

	Julian Day and Date Time Calculator
		In astronomy, a JD (Julian Date) is defined as the contiguous count of days from January 1, 4713 B.C., Greenwich Mean Noon (equal to zero hours UTC).
		Also day 1 was chosen as January 1, 4713 B.C. because the Julian Calendar, the Lunar Calendar and the Roman Tax Calendar all coincided.
		For Financial dates and legal dates, days between dates, days before a date or days after a date, day of the week for a given date in history, involving the last 2 centuries, use the AutoSelect mode.
	www.csgnetwork.com /juliandaydate.html (867 words)

	Julian Dates
		The Julian day number counts the number of days since noon on January 1, -4712 (astronomical calendar) or January 1, 4713 BC (civil calendar).
		The Julian dates provided by the PACIFIC Exchange Rate Service are only provided as integer numbers for the particular day at noon Universal Time (i.e., Greenwich Mean Time, London, UK).
		Julian dates assign a unique number to each calendar day.
	fx.sauder.ubc.ca /julian.html (186 words)

	NetCDF Time Conventions: Time .. Julian Day
		Julian Day (GMT), and word 2 is the number of milliseconds since the
		> Julian Day as starting and ending at the same times as the calendar day.
		> the Julian day is a good way to store time data.
	www.unidata.ucar.edu /software/netcdf/time/0059.html (305 words)

	Julian Day Number Calculator
		Note also that if you switch between Julian and Gregorian, there is a 10-day difference for a given date in 1582.
		Enter a date (Month, Day, Year) and compute the Julian Day Number (click radio buttons to switch between calendars).
		This JavaScript example calculates the Julian Day Number for any date on the Gregorian or Julian (proleptic) calendars.
	quasar.as.utexas.edu /BillInfo/JulianDateCalc.html (190 words)

	Julian Day Numbers
		The Julian day number system is sometimes (erroneously) said to have been invented by Joseph Justus Scaliger (born 1540-08-05 JC in Agen, France, died 1609-01-21 JC in Leiden, Holland), who during his life immersed himself in Greek, Latin, Persian and Jewish literature, and who was one of the founders of the science of chronology.
		At some point students of calendrical science decided that the Julian day number system would be very useful in their field, provided the notion of a "day", i.e., "nychthemeron", were changed to accord with that notion as commonly used in connection with calendars.
		In order to specify the time of an event astronomers add a fractional component to the Julian day number, e.g., 0.25 = six hours (1/4 of 24 hours) after the start of the nychthemeron.
	hermetic.nofadz.com /cal_stud/jdn.htm (190 words)

	Calendar Converter
		Julian days simply enumerate the days and fraction which have elapsed since the start of the Julian era, which is defined as beginning at noon on Monday, 1st January of year 4713 B.C.E. in the Julian calendar.
		Days are defined as beginning at sunset, and the calendar begins at sunset the night before Monday, October 7, 3761 B.C.E. in the Julian calendar, or Julian day 347995.5.
		Day 0 is deemed the idiotic January 0, 1900 (at least in Excel 97), and negative days and those in Y10K and beyond are not handled at all.
	www.fourmilab.ch /documents/calendar (190 words)

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