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	CAT.INIST
		Born in Lemberg (now Lwow or Lviv) on April 18th 1882 Lilienfeld got his Ph.
		e., 'the conduction of electricity in an extreme vacuum As a result he built improved X-ray tubes without the usual gas filling which were called Lilienfeld tubes.
		He held several US patents on field effect transistors proposing a new idea for a solid state amplifier and predated the work of Shockley, Brattain and Bardeen by nearly 20 years.
	cat.inist.fr /?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2366776 (204 words)

	Julius Edgar Lilienfeld - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Julius Edgar Lilienfeld (1881 – 1963) was born in Germany and emigrated to the USA in 1927.
		When the inventors of the first practical transistor, Brattain, Bardeen and Shockley tried to get a patent on their device, most of their claims were rejected due to the Lilienfeld patents.
		It is unclear why Lilienfeld did not receive a Nobel Prize for his pioneering work.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Julius_Edgar_Lilienfeld (244 words)

	Lilienfeld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Julius Edgar Lilienfeld was born on April 18, 1882 in Lemberg (now Lwow or Lviv, Ukraine), the capital of Galicia, then part of Austro-Hungary, where the population was about 110,000 (in 1880) including 30,000 Jews.
		Lilienfeld developed an X-ray tube with a high vacuum by placing an additional filament as an electron source in a carefully chosen tube region (called tandem tube because the two discharge volumes were separated by the cathode).
		Julius Edgar Lilienfeld died in Charlotte Amalie in the Virgin Islands on 28 August, 1963 at the age of 82.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/lilienfeld.htm (3624 words)

	Transistor - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The transistor was invented at Bell Laboratories in December 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, and William Bradford Shockley, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1956.
		Ironically, they had set out to manufacture a field-effect transistor (FET) predicted by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld as early as 1925 but eventually discovered current amplification in the point-contact transistor that subsequently evolved to become the bipolar junction transistor (BJT).
		In a BJT, an electrical current is fed into the base (B) and modulates the current flow between the other two terminals known as the emitter (E) and collector (C).
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /tr/Transistor.html (1956 words)

	IEEE-USA Today's Engineer
		In 1927, Lilienfeld left Germany to escape the rising tide of anti-Semitism, immigrating to the United States.
		Shockley believed that the first BTL patent for a solid-state amplifier should be based on the conceptual model of the field-effect that he had developed and that he should be named the inventor.
		In the 1920s, Lilienfeld could not have understood the physics of the field-effect semiconductor amplifier, as the quantum theory of solids was still several years away.
	www.todaysengineer.org /2003/May/history.asp (1107 words)

	Krauss wins APS award
		To a physicist, getting the Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Award for physics is like an actor receiving an Academy Award.
		Lawrence Krauss, the chair and Ambrose Swasey Professor of Physics, will receive one of the American Physical Society's highest honors during its annual meeting April 2001 in Washington, D.C. The $10,000 annual prize is awarded for outstanding contributions to physics.
		As it is awarded by the physics community to recognize contributions to physics, I feel particularly honored, and also particularly humbled to join the company with the distinguished group of physicists who have previously won the prize," says Krauss.
	www.cwru.edu /pubs/cnews/2001/2-15/krauss-aps.htm (449 words)

	Timeline of Microcomputers
		Dr. Julius Edgar Lilienfeld of New York, files for a patent on a "Method and Apparatus for Controlling Electric Currents".
		Dr. Lilienfeld is issued a patent describing a multijunction NPPN or PNNP transistor.
		Dr. Lilienfeld is issued a patent showing an NPN transistor using copper-sulfide and aluminum oxide.
	www.fortunecity.com /marina/reach/435/comphist.html (806 words)

	Penn State-MatSE-News and Events
		He is best known for his work with pseudopotentials with applications to electronic, optical, and structural properties of materials, super-conductivity, semiconductor physics, and nanoscience.
		Cohen is a Fellow of the APS and is the recipient of the APS Oliver E. Buckley Prize for Solid State Physics and the APS Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize.
		He received the Department of Energy Award for Outstanding Accomplishment in Solids State Physics, the DOE Award for Sustained Outstanding Research, the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Certificate of Merit and Outstanding Performance Award, and was Faculty Research Lecturer, University of California, Berkeley.
	www.matse.psu.edu /news/stories/cohen.htm (289 words)

	Shifman to Receive Lilienfeld Prize
		Professor Mikhail Shifman (physics) will receive the 2006 Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize from The American Physical Society (APS).
		The prize includes a monetary award as well as funding for three lectures to be given by Shifman at the APS meeting, a research university, and a predominantly undergraduate institution.
		The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.
	www.it.umn.edu /news/archives/05_12lilienfeld.html (97 words)

	The Collegian Online: Einstein's 'blunder' might be correct after all (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A researcher of the early universe, dark matter, general relativity and neutrino astrophysics, Krauss is an Ambrose Swasey Professor of Physics, and is the director of the center for Education and Research Cosmology and Astrophysics at Case Western Reserve University.
		He has won numerous awards for his contributions to science, including the Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society.
		Krauss is also an acclaimed writer, and has written over 200 scientific publications as well as best-selling popular books including Atom: An Odyssey from the Big Bang to Life on Earth and Beyond and The Physics of Star Trek.
	www.utulsa.edu /collegian/article.asp?article=2639 (512 words)

	Rembering Dr. Sears
		In a 1998 interview, Sears said he wanted to "turn-on" students to physics, those whom he felt were "tuning out" the subject as early as junior high school.
		Just prior to his death, Sears attended a meeting in Atlanta of the American Physical Society where the 1999 Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize was presented to Stephen Hawking, University of Cambridge.
		Considered the leading scientist of this era, Hawking is a victim of ALS, known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease.
	www.apsu.edu /magazine/99Spring/Remembering.htm (331 words)

	Cryogenic History Results \| Cryogenic History Web-Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Julius edgar lilienfeld operated the first large scale hydrogen liquification facility in germany used to fill zepplins and obtained a patent on the cryogenic separation of gases in 1915.
		2 of a history of the atomic energy commission university park penn. Dr julius edgar lilienfeld and the cryogenic separation of gases.
		Janis research company is a recognized leader in the design, development, and production of cryogenic equipment.
	www.cryogenics-research.info /cryogenic-history.html (1034 words)

	Patent-Invent: Julius Lilienfeld
		Invention Directory > Electricity & Electronics > Inventors > Julius Edgar Lilienfeld
		Julius Edgar Lilienfeld (1881-1963) was born in Germany and emigrated to the USA in 1927.
		When the inventors of the first practical transistor, Brittain, Bardeen and Schockley tried to get a patent on their device, most of their claims were rejected due to the Lilienfeld patents.
	www.electro.patent-invent.com /electricity/inventors/julius_lilienfeld.html (194 words)

	Krauss first to take trifecta of top physics awards
		In his most recent honor, Krauss will receive the 2004 Oersted Medal, recognizing his contributions to the teaching of physics, from the American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT).
		The Oersted Medal follows Krauss' 2000 Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize from the American Physical Society, given for "a most outstanding contribution to physics," and the 2001 Andrew W. Gemant Award from the American Institute of Physics for connecting science and culture.
		While renowned physicists such as Freeman Dyson, Steven Weinberg and Stephen Hawking have received one or two of these honors, Krauss is the first to have been awarded all three.
	www.cwru.edu /pubs/cnews/2003/10-2/krauss.htm (309 words)

	CERN Courier - Faces and Places - IOP Publishing - article
		Sergio Ferrara of CERN, Dan Freedman of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Peter van Nieuwenhuizen of State University New York, Stony Brook, won the prestigious Dannie Heineman Prize for constructing supergravity.
		Mikhail Shifman of the University of Minnesota received the Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize for his contributions to strong-interaction physics and supersymmetric gauge dynamics.
		Savas Dimopoulos of Stanford University won the J J Sakurai Prize for his creative ideas on technicolour, supersymmetry and extra dimensions.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/46/5/33 (536 words)

	Amazon.ca: Editorial Reviews Books: Space and Time in Special Relativity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The writing is crisp and clearly written by someone who is aware of the conceptual difficulties that nonscientists have in coming to grips with relativity.
		David Mermin was the 1988 recipient of The Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize (American Physical Society) that recognizes outstanding contributions to physics by an individual who has exceptional skills in lecturing to audiences of nonspecialists.
		Use Your Account to view or change your orders
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/books/0881334200/reviews (148 words)

	Bio for Lawrence Krauss
		2001, Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize, American Physical Society.
		In April 2001, in Washington D.C., he will receive the 2001 Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society.
		The citation reads "For outstanding contributions to the understanding of the early universe, and extraordinary achievement in communicating the essence of physical science to the general public".
	www.phys.cwru.edu /~krauss/kbio (773 words)

	Physics at Minnesota: News Room (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Information - News - Grad - Undergrad - Research - Resources - Outreach - Print this page
		School of Physics and Astronomy Professor Mikhail Shifman will receive the 2006 Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize from the American Physical Society.
		Past recipients of the Lilienfeld Prize include Stephen Hawking and Lawrence Krauss.
	www.physics.umn.edu /news/index.html?printer=yes&story=128 (69 words)

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