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	Pope Julius II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Julius II, né Giuliano della Rovere (December 5, 1443 – February 21, 1513), was pope from 1503 to 1513.
		From the beginning Julius II set himself with a courage and determination rarely equalled to rid himself of the various powers under which his temporal authority was almost overwhelmed.
		Her overall assessment of Julius is strongly negative, and she attributes to him some of the blame for provoking the Reformation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Julius_II (1030 words)

	Paus Julius II - Wikipedia
		Julius II (1443 - 21 februari 1513) was paus van 31 oktober 1503 tot 21 februari 1513.
		In de periode voor Julius II was als gevolg van de renaissance en een toenemende roep om de scheiding van kerk en staat de pauselijke macht afgenomen.
		Daarom besloot Julius II dat een grote campagne nodig was om de paus weer almachtig te maken.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paus_Julius_II (576 words)

	Pope Julius II
		Julius, who was of warlike bent, first proceeded to extend the papacy's temporal power.
		Although Julius ran the Pontifical States first and foremost as a Prince would, he never neglected his duties as a leader of the church.
		Julius, who himself laid the cornerstone, had wished to be buried there, and had even commissioned an imposing tomb from Michelangelo.
	www.luminarium.org /encyclopedia/julius2.htm (662 words)

	Pope Julius II -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Julius II, né Giuliano della Rovere (December 5, 1443 - February 21, 1513), was (The head of the Roman Catholic Church) pope from 1503 to 1513.
		Julius was succeeded by (The pope who excommunicated Martin Luther and who in 1521 bestowed on Henry VIII the title of Defender of the Faith (1475-1521)) Leo X.
		Her overall assessment of Julius is strongly negative, and she attributes to him some of the blame for provoking the (Improvement (or an intended improvement) in the existing form or condition of institutions or practices etc.; intended to make a striking change for the better in social or political or religious affairs) Reformation.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_julius_ii1.htm (862 words)

	Pope Julius II
		Julius II, born Giuliano della Rovere, Roman Catholic Pope from the 1st of November 1503 to the 21st of February 1513, was born at Savona in 1443.
		Julius II from the beginning repudiated the system of nepotism which had flourished under Sixtus IV, Innocent VIII, and Alexander VI, and set himself with courage and determination to restore, consolidate and extend the temporal possessions of the Church.
		Julius was undoubtedly in energy and genius one of the greatest popes since Innocent III, and it is a misfortune of the Church that his temporal policy eclipsed his spiritual office.
	www.nndb.com /people/520/000097229 (989 words)

	Pope Julius II
		Pope Julius II Pope Julius II Julius II, né Giuliano della Rovere (December 5, 1443 - February 21, 1513), was pope from 1503 to 1513.
		From the beginning Julius II set himself with a courage and determination rarely equalled to rid himself of the various powersunder which his temporal authority was almost overwhelmed.
		Her overall assessment of Julius is strongly negative, and she attributes to himsome of the blame for provoking the Reformation.
	www.therfcc.org /pope-julius-ii-37593.html (886 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Julius II
		Emperor Maximilian I Maximilian I of Habsburg (March 22, 1459 - January 12, 1519) was Holy Roman Emperor Life and reign in the Habsburg hereditary lands Maximilian was born in Vienna as the son of the Emperor Frederick III and Eleanore of Portugal.
		Ferdinand and his wife Isabel of Castile Ferdinand II (Fernando de AragÃ³n in Spanish and Ferran dAragÃ³ in Catalan), nicknamed the Catholic (March 10, 1452 â€“ June 23, 1516) was king of Aragon, Castile, Sicily, Naples, Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona.
		The Catholic League (or Holy League) was a coalition of various European powers that was formed by Pope Julius II in 1511, at the height of the War of the League of Cambrai, to defend the states of Italy against Louis XII of France and thus to strengthen Papal power.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Julius-II (3284 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Julius II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Julius II (1443-1513), pope (1503-1513), whose reign is considered one of the most brilliant in the Renaissance period.
		Michelangelo Buonarroti : The Tomb of Julius II
		Aristobulus II (died 48 bc), last of the Hasmonean dynasty, or Maccabees, to be king of Judaea (67-63 bc).
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Julius_II.html (114 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Julius II
		Julius II was now again supreme temporal master over the entire Pontifical States, but his national pride extended beyond the Patrimony of St. Peter.
		Julius II inaugurated the hostilities by deposing and excommunicating his vassal, Duke Alfonso of Ferrara, who supported France.
		Julius II was chiefly a soldier, and the fame attached to his name is greatly due to his re-establishment of the Pontifical States and the deliverance of Italy from its subjection to France.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08562a.htm (2168 words)

	AllRefer.com - Julius II (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Pope Julius showed himself first of all a warrior, and he ably completed the work, begun by his enemy Cesare Borgia, of restoring the Papal States to the church.
		Julius was a great patron of art, and Raphael (who painted his portrait), Michelangelo, and Bramante enjoyed his favor.
		Worldly as Julius was, he was one of the first to suppress nepotism and to try, albeit feebly, to break the hold of corruption on Rome.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/J/Julius2.html (359 words)

	Pope Julius Ii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pope Julius Ii Pope Julius Ii In the news
		Later, Pope Julius II demolished it and began the 120-year project of building the massive Renaissance structure known today as St....
		The oldest picture is of Julius II, a copy of a famous picture by Raphael, whom the pope patronized as he did Michelangelo.
	www.wikiverse.org /pope-julius-ii (1132 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Arts critics \| 'Why a book? Show me with a sword'
		Julius II was a Pope like no other: a fearsome warrior, patron of the arts - and the subject of Raphael's greatest work.
		Raphael's portrait of Pope Julius II was a masterpiece acquired, as it were, by accident in 1970, when what was thought to be a copy was recognised as the original, and therefore as one of the most precious creations of the Renaissance.
		Julius would - literally - be an even more looming figure than he is. It would be harder for history to do its honeyed work of forgetting, for us to see Raphael's painting as one of a holy old man instead of a half-mad militarist.
	www.guardian.co.uk /arts/critic/feature/0,1169,947341,00.html (1438 words)

	Cultural Catholic - Pope Julius II
		Their purpose was to depose the pope, but Pope Julius II stripped the rebellious cardinals of their rank and the council moved to Milan where they declared Pope Julius II suspended.
		Pope Julius II was a true patron of the arts and in effect moved the capital of the Renaissance from Florence to Rome.
		With Pope Julius II’s influence, three Renaissance artists left their indelible imprint: Bramante, with his grandiose plan for reconstruction of the Vatican, Raphael, with his frescoes in the palazzo of Pope Nicholas V, and Michelangelo, with his remarkable masterpieces in the Sistine Chapel.
	www.culturalcatholic.com /PopeJuliusII.htm (671 words)

	Popes
		Julius II viewed as the main task of his pontificate the restoration of the Papal States, which had been reduced to ruin by the Borgias.
		Having become an exponent of Italian national consciousness, Julius II proposed to drive the French from Italy, but his second war, which lasted from September 1510 to May 1511, was unsuccessful.
		Julius had an extraordinarily violent temper, often lost his self-control, and could be rude and often even vulgar in manner.
	www.wga.hu /database/glossary/popes/julius2.html (1351 words)

	JULIUS II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Julius devoted himself to the task of becoming master in the papal kingdom.
		Julius formed the League of Cambrai with Emperor Maximilian and Louis XII of France.
		Julius II shocked many by his open display of power politics, but it must be said that if Julius worked like a secular prince, it was not to promote the glory of his own family, but the welfare of the papal kingdom.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp214.htm (554 words)

	Julius II and Leo X
		This council was summoned by pope Julius II by the bull Sacrosanctae Romanae Ecclesiae, issued at Rome on 18 July 1511, after several schismatic cardinals, officially supported by Louis XII, king of France, had assembled a quasi-council at Pisa.
		Julius, bishop, servant of the servants of God, with the approval of the sacred council, for an everlasting record.
		Our predecessor of happy memory, pope Julius II, since he was concerned about the well-being of the faithful and anxious to protect it, had summoned the ecumenical Lateran council for many other reasons indeed, but also because a constant complaint was being pressed concerning the officials of the Roman curia.
	www.ewtn.com /library/COUNCILS/LATERAN5.HTM (8795 words)

	JULIUS II AND LEO X - Historicist.com The Protestant Interpretation of Biblical Prophecy. The Historical Alternative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		And after Pius came Julius II, who was pope from 1503 to 1513, and Leo X, who lived to the year 1521.
		Julius, who owed his rise in life to the favour of his uncle Sixtus IV (one of the popes who had come between Pius II and Alexander VI), was desirous to gain for the Roman see all that it had lost or had ever claimed.
		And thus it was the building of the most magnificent of Roman churches that led to the revolt which took away from the popes a great part of their spiritual dominion.
	www.historicist.com /churchhistory/2chap29.htm (559 words)

	POPE JULIUS II FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Julius II, nÃ© ''Giuliano della Rovere'' (December_5, 1443 – February_21, 1513), was pope from 1503 to 1513.
		Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine_Chapel for Julius.
		In the film ''The_Agony_and_the_Ecstasy'' about the life of Michelangelo, Julius is vividly portrayed as a soldier-pope by Rex_Harrison.
	www.rocgames.com /Pope_Julius_II (1025 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Arts features \| Face facts
		Pope Julius II was a very frightening man. When Michelangelo was painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Julius kept asking when it would be finished.
		"Pope Julius II was impetuous in everything," Machiavelli, who met him, says in The Prince, "and he found the time and circumstances so favourable to his way of proceeding that he always met with success." This was true in Julius's dealings with painters and sculptors as well as enemies.
		Julius was impetuous, as Machiavelli said, but he lived at the right time: in commissioning works of art, he was a kind of genius.
	www.guardian.co.uk /arts/portrait/story/0,11109,1168194,00.html (1786 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Julius II
		Julius II (1443-1513), pope (1503-13), whose reign is considered one of the most brilliant in the Renaissance period.
		In 1505 Michelangelo began work on a tomb for Pope Julius II that was to have stood in the apse of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome.
		Julius II : architecture : commissioning of Saint Peter’s Basilica: Saint Peter’s Basilica, Rome
	encarta.msn.com /Julius_II.html (189 words)

	Julius II, påve -- Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere), född 1443, död 1513, p... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Julius II, påve -- Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere), född 1443, död 1513, p...
		Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere), född 1443, död 1513, påve 1503-1513.
		Julius II, som efterträdde den kontroversielle Alexander VI (1492-1503) och den kortlivade Pius III (1503), styrde med järnhand och förde flera krig, bl.a.
	julius_ii_pave.exsudo.se (119 words)

	Pope Julius Ii - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Raphael's portrait of Pope Julius II: The re-emergence of the original
		The original contract with Michelangelo for the tomb of Pope Julius II, dated May 6, 1513: A critical study, transcription and translation
		The extravagant of Pope Julius II: "on the Simoniacal election of a pope."
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /pope_julius_ii.htm (104 words)

	Julius - Wikipedia
		Julius I. Papst 337–352, Namenspatron, legte Jesus' Geburtstermin auf den 25.
		Julius Herzog zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1528–1589), bedeutender Reformator des Herzogtums Braunschweig-Lüneburg
		Julius Leber (1891–1945), deutscher Politiker und Widerstandskämpfer gegen den Nationalsozialismus
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Julius (105 words)

	Julius II
		His vigour, determination, ambition, passion for action and notorious temper were more suited to the soldier that he probably would have preferred to be, than to the ecclesiastical potentate that he became under the patronage of his uncle, Pope Sixtus IV.
		Julius II was one of the most remarkable and colourful men ever to sit on the papal throne.
		This book is the first biography of Julius II to be based on an extensive use of archival sources.
	www.christnotes.org /-/_julius-ii_063120282X.asp (294 words)

	Mario Pirovano - Julius II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is the work that the producer, Marco Ghelardi, created in 2003 on the occasion of the five-hundredth anniversary of the election of Giuliano della Rovere to the papacy.
		Julius II was one of the greatest personalities in the Italian Renaissance, capable of involving powerful Europeans in his political designs, and a great art patron, protector of Michelangelo and Raphael.
		In this play Pirovano brings out the human character of Julius, which emerges from his ambition and his warlike spirit, from his limits and his greatness.
	www.mariopirovano.it /en/giulio.html (224 words)

	Julius II. (Papst) - Wikipedia
		Februar 1513 in Rom) war unter dem Namen Julius II.
		Unter den drohenden Zeichen eines neuen Schismas berief Julius II.
		Das Ende des Konzils, das bis ins Jahr 1517 tagte, sollte Julius II.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Julius_II. (463 words)

	Portrait of Julius II by RAFFAELLO Sanzio
		Portraits of Julius II as an old man exist in three versions: in the National Gallery, London, in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence and in the Palazzo Pitti, Florence.
		Pope Julius II gave this painting to the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, where after his death it was displayed on important feast days.
		The portrait is in every way worthy of a patron unique in the history of art, a pope discerning and fortunate enough to have been served by three of the greatest artists of the High Renaissance - the architect Bramante, Michelangelo and Raphael.
	www.wga.hu /html/r/raphael/5roma/1/09julius.html (434 words)

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