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	Jumping plant louse -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Psyllids or jumping plant lice are small plant-feeding insects that are very "host specific", i.e.
		Psyllid fossils have been found from the early (From 280 million to 230 million years ago; reptiles) Permian before the (Plants having seeds in a closed ovary) flowering plants evolved.
		Insect-plant interactions have been important in defining models of (additional info and facts about coevolution) coevolution and cospeciation, referring to whether plant speciation drives insect speciation and vice versa, though most herbivorous insects probably evolved long after the plants they feed on.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/ju/jumping_plant_louse.htm (144 words)

	Plant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Dept of Plant & Microbial Biology at Berkeley The Dept of Plant & Microbial Biology at Berkeley is a department at Micro...
		Plant hormone theory I Plant hormone theory I The goal of a plant is to germinate, survive, grow, and reproduce.
		Shrimp plant Justicia brandegeana The shrimp plant (Justicia brandegeana) is an evergreen perennial shrub with spindly...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/plant.html (1627 words)

	Author et al.
		Gall forming insects, thus have the ability to alter the development of plant tissues to cause the formation of tumor-like growths that surround the insect to protect it from the environment and supply it with a source of food.
		Plant tissues were frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground with sample buffer (1% SDS, 48% urea, 1% 2- mercaptoethanol, 0.0625% phosphoric acid, pH 6.8 with Tris base) in a mortar and pestle.
		The outermost layers are the plant's epidermis, and inside the epidermis is a layer composed of thick-walled, highly lignified cells, which serves to protect the young insect (see Figure 1, panel B).
	www.epress.com /w3jbio/vol2/mcdermott/mcdermott.html (2625 words)

	Insect and Mite Galls
		Galls are abnormal growths of plant tissue caused by a wound, infection by a microorganism, or the feeding and egg-laying activity of certain insects and mites.
		Galls are abnormal growths of plant tissue that form in response to a wound, infection by various microorganisms, or the feeding and egg-laying activity of certain insects and mites.
		On a few plants that produce new foliage over a period of several months, multiple generations of the gall-making insect can occur, such as honeylocust podgall midge.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/insect/05557.html (901 words)

	Potato or Tomato Psyllids
		The adult psyllid is about the size of a typical aphid and is a member of the insect family known as "jumping plant lice." Adult psyllids are rarely found in Gardens unless collected with a sweep net or knocked onto a cloth placed around the base of the plants.
		When the attack comes early in the development of the tomato plant, effects from psyllid feeding may be so severe that little or no fruit is set.
		Late attack on tomato plants is inclined to cause production of an abnormal number of fruits that never attain a desirable size or quality.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/insect/05540.html (839 words)

	Florida Entomologist, v. 77, n. 2, p. 209
		Plants, including roots, were checked in the field and/or placed in plastic bags and returned to the laboratory for examination.
		Plants were sampled at different times of the year and at various growth stages (seedling, flowering and mature).
		We are grateful to the specialists at the University of Florida, the Division of Plant Industry of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and the USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory for their assistance in identifying the insects and plants.
	www.fcla.edu /FlaEnt/fe77p209.html (2788 words)

	The Garden Safari: Plant Lice
		Aphids (or plant lice) are small or even very small insects.
		Plant lice (or Aphids, or Green Flies) often become a pest in one's garden.
		Once an egg is deposited in a plant louse, the animal starts to react in a strange way: it grows bigger, climbs on top of a leaf and becomes brownish.
	www.gardensafari.net /english/plant_lice.htm (1202 words)

	Urban IPM: Insects: Psillids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Psyllids are also known as jumping plant lice; the general appearance of the adults resembles that of their near relatives the aphids.
		The most serious injury results from a toxic substance injected into the plant tissues during feeding by the nymphs, producing a condition in potato and tomato foliage known as psyllid yellows.
		The first indications are a slight yellowing of the terminal growth, the midribs and leaf edges, and the curling of the basal parts of the leaves; later the entire plant becomes yellowish green to purplish and growth is checked.
	ag.arizona.edu /urbanipm/insects/psyllids.html (217 words)

	Plant Loop Guide Booklet
		The plant is extremely variable in form, occurring as a ground cover along roadsides, an erect shrub (especially in sandy costal areas), or a large vine on trees.
		Periwinkle is considered an invasive plant that spreads and pushes out native plants that wildlife depends on.
		These are loblolly pines and were all planted on what must have once been a field that had been agriculture or was cleared for the trees to be planted.
	www.co.rowan.nc.us /parks/Volunteers/plant_loop_guide_booklet.htm (1569 words)

	Insect and Mite Galls, Colo State Univ.
		Insect and mite galls almost always are produced when plants are growing rapidly: when new leaves are expanding or shoots are lengthening.
		Small finger-like pocket galls or felty masses of plant hairs (erinea) on leaf surfaces are common types produced by these mites.
		Insecticidal control of plant galls can be difficult to achieve because sprays usually must be timed to coincide with periods when the gall-makers are laying their eggs.
	www.kaweahoaks.com /html/galls_article02.html (863 words)

	Iranica.com - GAZ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The soft exudates harden, eventually detach from the nymph's body, and remain in the foliage, mixed with the nymphs and often with the plant debris as well.
		The plant is virtually an unlimited food source for the insect.
		The plant density is sufficiently high and not much footwork is required by the gaz gatherers.
	www.bibliothecapersica.com /articles/v10f4/v10f414.html (1706 words)

	Common Harmful Insects 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The injury caused to ornamental plants is relatively minor, but young stems can be killed from slits made in the bark by females laying eggs.
		Psyllids, often known as jumping plant lice, are small sucking insects, usually less than 1/4" in size, they are related to aphids and belong to the Psyllidae family.
		Rootworms are the larvae of beetles that feed on the roots of plants, but in their adult stage the beetles can be quite injurious to the foliage.
	www.hortsource.com /commoninsectso-r.htm (598 words)

	Psyllid
		Pest Status, Damage: Can injure plants such as potato or tomato crops when they occur in high numbers; an outbreak occurred in the Winter Garden area around Uvalde in 1992; medically harmless.
		Nymphs (not adults) sucking host plant juices produce toxic effects (phytotoxemia, possibly by injecting a virus) on plant growth that include retarded internode growth, upward cupping or rolling of leaves and thickened nodes - resulting in a condition called, "rosetting.
		" Leaf margins, leaves and other plant parts can become yellow (chlorotic) and reddish to purplish - symptoms called "psyllid yellows" and "purple-top." Potato tubers and fruits produced by discolored (chlorotic) plants are tiny, malformed and unfit for commercial uses.
	entowww.tamu.edu /fieldguide/aimg91.html (345 words)

	Gall-Making Insects and Mites
		This stimulus might be : 1) a fluid injected by adults laying eggs; 2) the pres-ence of the insect or mite in or on plant tissue; 3) insect or mite saliva; or 4) insect excretions.
		Certain plants and plant varieties are particularly attractive to gall-forming insects and mites.
		Newly planted susceptible plants may have galls for a year or so before parasites find the galls and begin their attack on gall-forming insects.
	entowww.tamu.edu /extension/bulletins/L-1299.html (1115 words)

	Gnat House Plant at OrchidCharm.com
		University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County Once fungus gnat adults and larvae are discovered on the plant, control and preventione in several forms directions for use in a house and take care to provide adequate.
		Jumping Plant Lice or Hackberry Psyllids, HYG-2116-94 During the autumn months, homeowners with hackberry trees often be annoyed by large populations of adult jumping plant lice or psyllids.
		Plant is showing The plant colapses at ground level.
	www.orchidcharm.com /growing-orchid/gnat-house-plant.html (648 words)

	BO5(3)Feature
		Boxwood is a favorite landscape plant but several important insect pests plague it.
		Mined or blistered leaves are evident from midsummer until the leaves are shed from the plant.
		For that reason, adults are commonly known as jumping plant lice.
	branchingout.cornell.edu /BO5(3)/BO5(3)Feature.html (619 words)

	6.1 The Leucaena Psyllid
		The leucaena psyllid damages the plant by its sucking action, although it is possible that there is also some phytotoxic principle involved, as occurs with some other psyllids.
		The ultimate test of resistance is, of course, to establish the reduction in yield of a particular genotype due to the presence of the psyllid.
		The plants being compared should be similar in age and phenology and be exposed to the same environmental conditions.
	www.fao.org /ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Publicat/Gutt-shel/x5556e0r.htm (2778 words)

	Hardwoods
		Although the species selected for extensive plantings grew into forests very rapidly, the wood proved very undesirable for lumber and railroad ties because of extensive splitting during the drying process.
		One of the reasons that few plants will grow well beneath naturalized gum forests in southern California is that volatile terpenes from fallen leaves are leached into the soil, thereby inhibiting seed germination and growth of competing species.
		Psyllids are also called jumping plant lice and belong to the Order Homoptera, along with scale insects, aphids and cicadas.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /plsept99.htm (5052 words)

	Insect and Mite Galls
		Galls are abnormal plant growths caused by various organisms (insects, mites, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses).
		However, galls seldom threaten plant health and their numbers are highly variable from season to season.
		The outcome is an abnormal plant structure called a gall.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/horticulture/DG1009.html (1374 words)

	psyllids Home Page
		Psyllids or 'jumping plant lice' are small phytophagous, phloem feeding insects that are typically monophagous (feed on a single plant) or oligophagous (feed on a few related plants).
		The changing character of an individual plant is a complex and challenging landscape to herbivorous insects (Wink, 1992).
		An insect that attains an adaptive peak on one plant species is likely to be in an adaptive trough on another species (Janzen, 1979).
	www.psyllids.org (689 words)

	Hackberry galls - DirtDoctor.com - Howard Garrett - The Dirt Doctor
		Galls are abnormal growths of plant tissue induced by insects and other organisms.
		Psyllids, commonly known as jumping plant lice, resemble miniature cicadas.
		Pruning out heavily galled portions of a plant is sometimes feasible and may help reduce populations of the gall insects, but for the most part they can be ignored.
	www.dirtdoctor.com /view_question.php?id=165 (343 words)

	Boxwood
		In addition, heavy snow falling onto the plant, as from overhanging eaves of a house or overhanging branches of another tree, will cause the branches to spread out, causing minute breaks in the bark.
		Most plants will recover after the snow melts, but secondary pathogens may gain entry through the small breaks.
		These jumping plant lice, in both adult and nymphal stages, infest boxwood and suck the sap.
	www.caes.state.ct.us /PlantPestHandbookFiles/pphB/pphboxw.htm (756 words)

	Terminal and Twig Insects - Forest Health Guide for Georgia Foresters
		The more common gall producers on trees are aphids, beetles, jumping plant lice, midges, mites and wasps.
		Each species causes a swelling of plant tissue that is characteristic on specific plant parts such as the stem, twig, leaf or petiole.
		Damage is usually of no significance in forest plantings but control may be justified in newly established tree improvement orchards.
	www.bugwood.org /gfcbook/tandti.html (1182 words)

	Forestry Related SOL for VA Public Schools
		It is a very drought tolerant tree and was one of the first to be planted on the North American prairie.
		This insect is in a family called the jumping plant lice.
		It is only 2-5 mm long. The nipplegall maker feeds on leaves and causes the gall to form when it lays it eggs in the leaf tissue.
	www.fw.vt.edu /plt/foodwebs/hackberry.htm (168 words)

	Boxwood Psyllid - Landscape Nursery and Urban Forestry - UMass Extension
		Host plants are never injured beyond the aesthetics of leaf cupping.
		By early summer the winged adults appear, mate and the female lays eggs in the bud scales of the host plant.
		These adults have jumping legs and are sometimes referred to as "jumping plant lice".
	www.umassgreeninfo.org /fact_sheets/piercing_sucking/boxwood_psyllid.html (298 words)

	Organic Farming Research Workgroup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		My Ph.D. research at UC Davis (Plant Biology) focused on understanding how plant resistance to insects changes as plants develop from the juvenile to adult phase of growth.
		I used the interactions between Eucalyptus globulus and 3 species of Australian psyllids (jumping plant lice) as a model system for this work.
		This work provides some of the first evidence that plant resistance to insects changes with plant development, and with this system showed that changes in resistance are due to anatomical differences between juvenile and adult phase leaves.
	www.sarep.ucdavis.edu /Organic/directory.asp?ID=12 (796 words)

	Jumping Plant Lice or Hackberry Psyllids, HYG-2116-94
		During the autumn months, homeowners with hackberry trees often become annoyed by large populations of adult jumping plant lice or psyllids.
		These tiny, dusky, gnat-like insects often cluster on window and door screens (many pass through ordinary house fly screens into the home), settle onto sides of houses, automobiles and hanging laundry and accumulate into freshly applied paints.
		Both sexes have wings, the hind legs fitted for jumping (jumping plant lice), antennae slender and prominent (9 to 10 segments), four membranous wings (front wings larger), and a beak that appears to arise between the front legs.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2116.html (945 words)

	[No title]
		Grass areas should be tilled so the grass does not compete with the fruit plants for soil moisture and nutrients.
		If fruit plants can be planted by early April, they will have a stronger root system developed to support plant growth than later plantings.
		Canna and calla lilies are rhizomes, caladium and tuberous begonias are tubers, gladiolus is a corm, and dahlia is a tuberous-rooted plant.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /dp_hfrr/hnewslet/2003/ksht0340.htm (890 words)

	Leucaena Psyllids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Many farmers, especially in parts of South and Southeast Asia, have been particularly hurt by these "jumping plant lice" that have defoliated their fodder and green manure trees.
		The most important environmental factor for this build-up appeared to be moisture and its effect on plant growth.
		New leucaena plantings should involve a number of tolerant or resistant varieties.
	www.winrock.org /forestry/factpub/FACTSH/L_psyllids.html (1282 words)

	Analysis of Writing in Your Field
		The journal article "Plant-Insect Interactions: The Hackberry Nipple Gall," describes how researchers are pushing forward the frontiers of science by unraveling the mysteries of galls, tumor-like growths caused by jumping plant lice.
		The term jumping plant lice is used to refer to about 2,000 different species of insects of the Psyllidae family.
		More specifically, those lice in the Pachypsylla genus cause galls on the leaves of plants where they lay their eggs.
	userpages.umbc.edu /~mmasuc1/Field.html (836 words)

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