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Topic: Jungars

In the News (Mon 4 Jun 12)

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	Kazakstan -> General Information
		The main events of the war with Jungars occur in 1723-1727 known in the history as "the years of the great disaster" ("Aktaban shobyryndy").
		Indeed, All-Kazak congresses contributed tangibly to the formation of the corps (1727 - at the river of Bulanty; an Anrakai battle in 1729) to retailiating Jungar aggression.
		The second half of the XVIIIth century is marked with the formation of Abylai's Khanate, the very person who was one of the organizers of effective rebuff against Jungar aggressors.
	members.tripod.com /~Dzhan/history/people.html (225 words)

	history6
		During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Taiwan became part of the country and the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nerchinsk was signed to determine the eastern border between the two countries.
		During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Xinjiang was incorporated into China after the Jungars and Uygurs were defeated.
		The early Qing emperors not only resolved the long conflict between nomads and peasants that had plagued China throughout history, but also took a series of measures to develop the economy, culture and transportation in the frontier areas.
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~hzhuo/ming.html (1036 words)

	History of our region
		But at the beginning of XV the Upper Irtysh basin was taken by jungars, who drived Kazakhs back to the west, to a region of small hills.
		Since the middle of XVIII after rout of jungar khandom Kazakhs of the Middle Jus (union of tribes) began to move to Irtysh valley, Altai and Tarbagatai foothills.
		It helped to protect Kazakhs from jungar's and Chinese's expansion in the west and from Central Asia's khans in the south.
	altai-es.ukg.kz /en/m4.htm (1535 words)

	CIS & Islam - Johnson's Russia List 11-25-02
		The native ethnic group of the territory, the Altaians, descend from the Jungars, a fusion of various Turkic tribes with the west Mongolian Oirots.
		From the 14th to the 16th century the Jungars had a great empire, the khanate of Jungaria, based in present-day Xinjiang.
		This led to the establishment in 1829 of an Orthodox mission in the Altai.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/6571-8.cfm (1689 words)

	CONTEXT - This Week in Arts and Ideas from The Moscow Times
		With Kazakh lands occupied by the invading Jungars from western Mongolia, the divided tribes are failing to unite against the conqueror.
		That prompts the Jungar leader, Galdan Ceren (Doshkan Zholzhaxynov), to ambush a convoy carrying the newborn son of a local khan, but Oraz manages to intervene and rescue the child.
		She is duly abducted by a hostile Jungar warrior, Sharish (another American talent, Mark Dacascos), who finally confronts Mansur in single combat to decide the fate of the hero's native city, Turkestan.
	context.themoscowtimes.com /stories/2006/09/15/101.html (1630 words)

	Tibetan Parliamentary & Policy Research Centre - The Dalai Lamas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Another Mongolian Jungar chief, named Tsewang Rabten, who had enmity with the tribe to which Lhasang Khan belonged, attacked Tibet and also killed Lhasang Khan in 1717.
		The Seventh Dalai Lama, Kalsang Gyatso (1708-1757), was born at Lithang in Kham province.
		This was done by the Tibetan officials after the departure of Jungars but in consultation with the leaders and military commanders who had accompanied the seventh Dalai Lama.
	www.tpprc.org /scripts/thedalailamas.aspx (3450 words)

	Xinjiang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the beginning of the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD), the region was subservient to the Xiongnu, a powerful nomadic people based in modern Mongolia.
		In the 17th century, the Jüün Ghar (Jungars) established an empire over much of the region.
		In 1755, the Manchu Empire attacked Gulja, and captured the Jungar khan.
	www.godseye.com /stat/en/x/i/n/Xinjiang.html (2216 words)

	kazaks in China - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Around 18th century the Jungars (aka Oirots, Western Mongols) was becoming a threat and successfully defeated many Turkic Khanates in the east (including Kazakhs, Bashkirs, etc) and was posing a big threat in the east.
		Jungars station around the Caspian/Volga region attempted to send units back to the China theater for reinforcement but the Kazakhs prevented that.
		With growing muslim unrest from Uighurs and Hui in the south, the Qing actually invite Kazakhs to help populate the Ili region (which is traditionally Mongol pastures) and to act as a buffer between the Mongols, Hans and Muslims.
	chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=952&st=0&...&#entry4685413 (2325 words)

	historykazak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		With the pass of time, political disunion, strivings to strengthening independence, and lack of internal market, weakened the Kazakh Khanates.
		In the XVII century raids of Jungars into the Kazakh lands became frequent.
		The main events of the war started with the Jungars occurred between 1723-1728, which are known as “Aktaban Sho byryndy” (“The years of the great disaster”).
	tps.dpi.state.nc.us /connectasia/kazakhastan/historykazak.htm (833 words)

	The Kazakhs
		The drive of Abu'l Khayr was thwarted by the emergent Oirat (Mongol) hordes of Mughulistan in the middle of the fifteenth century, who rapidly became a superior military force.
		The Oirats (also known as Jungars) crossed from Mughulistan to the Dashti-Qipchak, burning the cities and destroying the economy of the area, and then returned to Mongolia.
		They (and their Kalmyk-Mongol successors) were to pose periodic threats to the Kazakhs until the end of the seventeenth century.
	www.geocities.com /CollegePark/Hall/5188/links/kazakhs.html (3012 words)

	Xinjiang - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Traversed by the Silk Road, Xinjiang is the Chinese name for the Tarim and Jungar regions of what is now northwest China.
		Over the past two millenia the Xinjiang region has been part of the territory ruled by the Turk Empire, Tibet, the Idiqut Uyghur Kingdom, the Yarkand Moghul Khanate, and the Jungars, as well as roughly 125 years under the Han and Tang dynasties of China.
		The Qing Empire has controlled the territory since the 1758 conquest by the Manchu Emperor Qianlong.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Xinjiang (1354 words)

	Winne.com - Welcome
		A decisive role in countering the Jungar aggression belongs to All-Kazakh congresses where - by virtue of the decisions of biis (tutor-guides) of all the three Juzes (Tole-bi, Kazbek-bi and Aiteke-bi) - they try to take measures to form a people's volunteer corps, a unified front of defence to counter Jungar raids.
		Indeed, All-Kazakh congresses contributed tangibly to the formation of the corps (1727 - at the river of Bulanty; an Anrakai battle in 1729) to retailiating Jungar aggression.
		Political and economic status of Kazakhstan in the middle and the end of the XVIIIth century features the following: aggravation of internal discord in the Junior juz; expansion of economic relations with Russia; development of barter trade; aggravation of the land issue; first moves in colonial policies of tsarism in the agrarian issue.
	www.winne.com /kazakhstan/bf01.html (7988 words)

	Tibet Holidays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the early 18th century, Emperor Kangxi sent troops twice to end the Mongol Kharnate's rule over Tibet and drive out the invading Jungar troops.
		The Living Buddha system was established in the mid-17th century, and has seen nine generations of Living Buddhas.
		As the 4th Living Buddha aided Qing officials in driving out the invading Jungars, Emperor Kangxi granted him a certificate of appointment.
	www.tibetholidays.com /eastern_tibet_chamdo.php (1729 words)

	: CERC
		At that time Kazakhs did not live in the area; it belonged to the Nogais, who had accepted the suzerainty of the Russian Empire in 1556.
		Kazakhs arrived in the area much later, in 1722-23, after the Jungars invaded the Kazakh lands from the east.
		Russian diplomatic exchange with the Jungars in 1715 failed to produce results, and in 1716 the Jungars attacked and destroyed a Russian expeditionary force which had arrived to build the fortress.
	www.cerc.unimelb.edu.au /bulletin/buljun.htm (3843 words)

	mohawk blogger » Nomad - the movie
		AFP reports that we can expect to see Kazakh cinema in the US, Canada, and the UK in the near future.
		Nomad tells the story of Mansure/Ablay Khan (played by Mexican actor Kuno Becker), who united the Kazakh clans and defeat the Jungars in the 18th century.
		The movie, financed by the Kazakh government, has an international cast which includes some B movie actors from the US.
	www.mk-lauren.com /wordpress/?p=163 (157 words)

	China Tibet Information Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During this period, Lhasa enjoyed a relatively stable political situation, social stability, and rapid urban development.
		Also during this period, however, Lhasa reeled under the invasion of the Jungars, based in China's Xinjiang in 1717, and the war between the Lhasa and Xigaze areas in 1727.
		Both wars were suppressed by troops sent by the Central Government.
	www.tibetinfor.com.cn /english/zt/history/200402004525163430.htm (445 words)

	TourAsia - Travel Agency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the 15th-17th centuries, the Khanate grew stronger and expanded its territory.
		Among the mountain ranges of the Jungar Alatau, the rivers Kora, Chizhe and Tekeli carry their clear waters and then, joining, give birth to a new river - the Karatal.
		The Kora river gorge is probably one of the most scenic in Semirechye (Land of Seven Rivers).
	www.tourasia.kz /kaz.htm (14266 words)

	Asia Finest Discussion Forum > Photo of XingJiang
		JUNGARS were MONGOLS., They were last Mongols to stand against Manchus.
		They escaped to Mongolia and Kazakh and russiaIn their vacant territory, kazakh kyrgiz were invited to live.
		Their JUNGAR EMPIRE at its peak controlled Tibet and Kazakhs and Mongolia by Galdan Boshigt KHaan
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t65090-0.html (2522 words)

	History of the Kazakhs - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Through out most of the history of the Kazakh khanate, it was primarily involved in numerous conflicts with either themselves (Great Horde, vs Middle Horde, vs Little Horde), or with the Jungars (Eastern Mongols, and the antagonist of many Kazakh and Kyrgyz legends).
		Due to the conflict with the Jungars, the Kazakh hordes often allied with the Qing and Russia, the latter of which, would exploit the ongoing conflict and eventually absorb all 3 Kazakh hordes and Jungars of the Caspian (aka the Kalmyks).
		The reasons why the Qing invited the Kazakhs was due to the distrust of the Uighur and Hui, and the land being considered a region forbidden to the Hans.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=7368&view=old (3852 words)

	About China
		The Kazak people extended their pastureland, but in the early eighteenth century the Jungars came and seized all the land, and the Kazaks were forced to wander about.
		After the Qing Dynasty had conquered the feudal Jungar leaders, Kazak Khan Abulai was grateful and in the 1760s pledged allegiance to the Qing Dynasty and accepted its titles of nobility.
		When the Qing Dynasty sent armies to put down the Jungar rebellion between 1755 and 1757, many local people fled, and after peace was restored in
	en1.chinabroadcast.cn /1702/2005-2-18/51@161516.htm (2133 words)

	Спутниковый телеканал "CaspioNET" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		These graphic pictures were created by a group of European artists by order of a Chinese emperor, who wanted to memorize his conquest of Jungaria, a 17th century military and feudal state.
		Nowadays there are no any reliable descriptions of the Mongolian tribe of jungars and that’s why these engravings are priceless for Kazakhstani researchers.
		Soon the library will launch the electronic archive of ancient manuscripts, runes, folios and first printings of Kazakhstan.
	www.caspionet.kz /index.cfm?id=14344 (249 words)

	CULTURAL HERITAGE AND CONTEMPORARY CHANGE
		Thus, the epos "Alpamys" says: "Coming to their senses after the first attack of Alpamys, the Jungars saw that the hero comes alone.
		They decided not to spend their strength but to defeat him with arrows.
		All Jungars together stretched their bows, but the thousands of arrows targeted to Alpamys veered away from his body without even causing a scratch.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series03/IIIC-2/chap-3.htm (8341 words)

	The Story of One Town
		Bulgolce had to find gold and to build a fortress not far from Lake Elishevsky and also he had to find different travel routes to other countries for trade growth.
		The main purposes of the expedition were not reached because of the Jungars’ attack.
		But they built some fortress along the Irtish River.
	translationkz.8k.com /articles/the_story.htm (700 words)

	The CHUD.COM Message Boards - I'll be disappearing for a while
		I'll be gone for a while and most likely will not be posting here, during that time.
		I will be working on a film called "The Nomad" which is about the huns fighting the jungars.
		Lot's of sword play, flying arrows, and primitive cannons.
	www.chud.com /forums/printthread.php?t=50271 (366 words)

	Goodbye, Dear Social Life (World of Warcraft Strikes Back) - Rage3D Discussion Area (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Christ this game is a killer), I had a fun time and have already experienced what makes this game so fun and so addictive - THE COMMUNITY.
		The character I created is named "Jungars" and is currently a level 5 Orc Warrior.
		Along this little journey I had, I was frightened to the point of shitting my pants (numerous times), and I had some of the best gaming experiences EVER.
	www.rage3d.com /BOARD/showthread.php?t=33841734 (2394 words)

	EarthWINS Daily
		were valued by the Enisey Kyrgyz and Jungars to whom the Shors paid taxes
		The Russians strictly forbid the Shors to practice the work of a
		flsmith or ironsmith in fear that the Enisey Kyrgyz and Jungar could
	www.earthwins.com /ewd/ewd012298a.html (2800 words)

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