| | INCA - International Review of Curriculum and Assessment frameworks |
 | | Under present regulations governing the administration of state examinations, special arrangements may be made for a candidate with special educational needs, when it is indicated in advance of the examination that the candidate has difficulties which may preclude him or her from displaying the achievements which are assessed in the examination. |
 | | A candidate's disability may be such that it is not possible for him or her to participate in a particular mode of assessment (an aural examination for a candidate with severe hearing impairment, for example). |
 | | When an element or elements of an examination have been waived, so that the purpose of the examination regarding that element or elements has not been met, or the method of examining has been significantly altered, this should be indicated by the presence of an explanatory note in the candidate's certificate of results. |
| www.inca.org.uk /ireland-assessment-special.html (2100 words) |