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	Junipero Serra (1713-1774) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Miquel Joseph Serra was born and baptized on November 24, 1713 in the small town of Petra on the island of Mallorca, Spain.
		Serra landed in the port city of Vera Cruz and then traveled by foot to Mexico City to begin his work.
		Serra traveled thousands of miles, suffered many pains and hardship, founded nine missions over a span of 800 miles, and converted many Indians to Christianity for the salvation of their souls.
	www.geocities.com /thefoghorn/serra.htm (488 words)

	Serra Club of Vancouver - Fr. Junipero Serra
		Junipero Serra was born Miguel Serra y Abram on November 24, 1713in Petra, a farming village in Mallorca's central plain.
		Serra was known as a bright, articulate scholar --apparently a moving speaker and a clear, precise writer -- but he did not remain long in academic life.
		Junipero Serra was assigned the new Superior of Baja California, and within several years he was given orders to move into Alta California, or what today is known as the state of California.
	www.rcav.org /serra/junipero.htm (667 words)

	Common-place: The Competing Legacies of Junípero Serra
		Miguel Joseph Serra was born in 1713, in the town of Petra on the Mediterranean island of Mallorca.
		The home in which Serra was born and raised was a typical farmer’s house of the early eighteenth century: two stories, built of stone, with an entrance wide enough to serve the Serras and the family’s mule.
		Serra’s own zeal for the preservation and propagation of the faith may have been honed early on as he came of age in a world where church and state distrusted one another and were locked in bitter controversy.
	www.common-place.org /vol-05/no-02/hackel/index.shtml (2875 words)

	Junipero Serra
		Miguel Jose Serra, born at Petra on the Island of Mallorca, Spain.
		But this criticism of Serra revolves around the fact that he was too much involved in the care and treatment of the Indians, that he would not allow soldiers to mingle with the Indians.
		When Father Junípero Serra founded California's first mission in 1769, he was 56 years old and asthmatic, with a chronic sore on his leg that troubled him for the rest of his life, and he suffered frequently from other illnesses, as well.
	www.catholic-church.org /serra-beth/serra-4.htm (2018 words)

	Saintly Sketch - The Significance of Blessed Junípero Serra - Gerard Beigel, S.T.D. - Catholic Faith - March/April 2000
		Serra himself made a long and hazardous journey to Mexico City to protest the treatment the Indians were receiving from the civil authorities.
		The event in Serra’s life that most expresses this heroic quality of Spanish Catholicism is when he made the overland journey from Baja, California to establish the first mission at San Diego—he walked a couple hundred miles through desert terrain with an ulcerous wound on his leg.
		Serra’s greatness was not the external work of the individual, but his openness to these three streams of grace that are part of the living tradition of the Church.
	www.catholic.net /rcc/Periodicals/Faith/00MarApr/Sketch.html (2808 words)

	Padre Junipero Serra
		Junípero Serra was born Miguel Serra y Abram on November 24, 1713in Petra, a farming village in Mallorca's central plain.
		Serra was known as a bright, articulate scholar --apparently a moving speaker and a clear,precise writer -- but he did not remain long in academic life.
		Junipero Serra was assigned the new Superior of Baja California, and within several years he was given orders to move into Alta California, or what today is knownas the state of California.
	www.padreserra.org /serra.htm (679 words)

	Junípero Serra biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Born Miguel José Serra in Petra, Majorca, he renamed himself in honor of Saint Juniper, who had also been a Franciscan and a follower of St. Francis of Assisi.
		In 1784, at the age of 70, Father Serra died at Mission San Carlos Borromeo and is buried there under the sanctuary floor.
		Serra was beatified by Pope John Paul II on September 25, 1988, and many are pushing for his canonization, or promotion to the sainthood.
	junipero-serra.biography.ms (240 words)

	PBS - THE WEST - Junipero Serra
		Serra was born into a humble family on the Spanish island of Mallorca in the Mediterranean Ocean.
		Serra's intellectual acumen and enormous willpower secured his appointment as a professor of theology at the tender age of twenty-four.
		Junipero Serra is still a well-known figure in California, a virtual icon of the colonial era whose statue stands in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park and in the U.S. Capital.
	www.pbs.org /weta/thewest/people/s_z/serra.htm (960 words)

	Bl. Junipero Serra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Junipero Serra was a Franciscan priest who founded nine missions in what is today the state of California.
		Miguel Serra y Abram was born in Spain in 1713.
		Junipero is the one man most responsible for bringing the Spanish culture and the Catholic faith 500 miles deep into the Californian frontier.
	www.smart.net /~tak/Patrons/junipero.html (344 words)

	Bl. Junipero Serra
		Serra was a native of Petra, on Spain's Mediterranean island of Majorca.
		But Serra and his confreres always kept Spanish soldiers and settlers at their distance from the mission Indians, for the lay Spaniards were only too ready to exploit them.
		Serra died in the harness, at Carmel, on August 28, 1784.
	www.stthomasirondequoit.com /SaintsAlive/id404.htm (786 words)

	California - Junipero Serra's Most Famous Walk
		Junipero embarked on the San Carlos at San Diego on October 20th, and after a prosperous voyage arrived at San Blas, November 4th, in company with an Indian Christian from Monterey, who afterwards was confirmed by Archbishop Lorenzana.
		Junipero at once wrote to him from Tepic on November 10th: `If your Reverence is determined that we shall live and die in California, it will be to me a great consolation.
		Junipero was resigned, but in regard to the neophyte he feared lest the death of the Indian youth might retard the conversion of the other natives, as they might imagine that the Christians had killed him.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles17/california-53.shtml (1536 words)

	Father Junipero Serra
		Father Junipero Serra (Miguel Jose Serra) was one of the most important Spanish missionaries in the New World.
		This was a herculean task considering that Father Serra was already in his fifties and suffered from a chronic ulcerated condition in one leg.
		Serra was ascetic and uncompromising in his zeal to convert the Indians to Christianity and to make his missions self sufficient.
	www.aoc.gov /cc/art/nsh/serra.cfm (256 words)

	Blessed Junipero Serra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Miguel Jose Serra was born on the island of Majorca on November 24, 1713, and at the age of 17 entered the Franciscan Order taking the name Junipero.
		A tireless worker, Serra was in large part responsible for the foundation and spread of the Church on the West Coast of the United States.
		On August 28, 1784, Father Serra died and was buried in he died at his headquarters, which was the Mission San Carlos Borromeo in Carmel, California.
	www.catholic-forum.com /themes/serra.html (197 words)

	Reader's Companion to American History - -SERRA, JUNÍPERO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Serra was appointed to the tribunal and commissary of the Inquisition for the Sierra Gorda region in 1752.
		Serra was more consistently successful in his lifelong goal of converting Native Americans to Catholicism.
		Although Serra was known to have argued on behalf of the property rights and economic entitlement of converted Native Americans, he consistently advocated against their right to self-governance.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_078200_serrajunpero.htm (596 words)

	Junipero Serra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Junipero Serra (1713-1784), Franciscan padre and founder of the Mission system that anchored Spain’s colonization of California, was born Miguel Jose Serra in Petra on the Mediterranean island of Mallorca, the son of peasant farmers.
		Serra had been dead for half a century and many of his fears about the fate of the Mission Indians were about to be realized (see: Helen Hunt Jackson).
		Serra died in his sleep at the Carmel Mission on Aug. 28, 1784, at the age of 70.
	www.socalhistory.org /Biographies/serra.htm (1343 words)

	Junipero Serra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Serra gave up his relatively quiet life to become a missionary in the New World at 36.
		Serra helped the Spanish in their quest to beat the Russians to present-day California.
		Serra died in 1784 and is buried in Carmel, Monterey.
	www.homefaith.com /webcal_files/964198173.html (169 words)

	Junipero Serra Award (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Junípero Serra Award is presented annually to an alumnus who, in their life, exemplifies the goals and objectives of Catholic education as expressed in our school philosophy and taught in our institution.
		He is a Serra man for whom the production of Almighty God’s glory is a cherished duty, for whom the salvation of his soul is paramount.
		Dick Roza lives everything that we teach here at Serra and we are profoundly grateful for his example of teaching, faith and outreach to the less fortunate.
	www.serrahs.com /Alumni/Alumni_Events_Calendar/Junipero_Serra_Award/junipero_serra_award.html (410 words)

	Serra, Junipero. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1769, Serra went with the second expedition to California, which was commanded by Gaspar de Portolá.
		When the party reached San Diego, Serra remained to found (1769) the mission there, while most of the rest of the party went on in search of the harbor of Monterey.
		When Monterey was reached and the mission San Carlos Barromeo founded (1770), Serra remained there as president of Alta California missions; in 1771 he moved the mission to Carmel-by-the-Sea, which became his headquarters for the rest of his days.
	www.bartleby.com /65/se/Serra-Ju.html (390 words)

	Junipero Serra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1713 Junipero was born at Petra on the Spanish island of Mallorca (pronounced Mayorca).
		Junipero continued to follow what he had said to someone on one occasion, "As long as life lasts, I will do all I can to propagate our holy Faith." And it was fortunate for us he did.
		Junipero was either not complaining or not seeming to suffer from this situation.
	www.monksofadoration.org /junipero.html (570 words)

	The Path to Glory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Preliminary to any historical process is the gathering of all writings concerning the candidate: first, every personal, conspicuous composition; second, every document that might have a bearing upon the life, and particularly the character and activities of the subject under investigation.
		He was a great devotee of Padre Serra and many years before had written a short biography of the Padre, still popular, entitled "The Grey Ox." The Cardinal was already suffering painfully from cancer, but was nonetheless present in St. Peter's Square when the Pope proclaimed Junípero Serra "Blessed" on Sept. 25, 1988.
		For Serra to be declared a saint, ordinarily the pope must decide that God has granted a miracle through the intercession of Padre Serra.
	www.serraus.org /news_&_events/the_serran/the_serran_mar01/v55_3Mar01p4.htm (1798 words)

	AllRefer.com - JunIpero Serra (Roman Catholic And Orthodox Churches: General Biography) - Encyclopedia
		In 1769, Serra went with the second expedition to California, which was commanded by Gaspar de PortolA.
		When they returned unsuccessful, Serra was one of those responsible for the sending of another expedition, which he accompanied.
		The source material on Father Serra is chiefly in Francisco Palou's Life and Apostolic Labors of the Venerable Father JunIpero Serra (tr.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Serra-Ju.html (478 words)

	Monterey County Historical Society, Local History Pages--Father Junipero Serra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Serra chose to walk the 250 miles between Vera Cruz and Mexico City, and he arrived at the College of San Fernando on January 1, 1750.
		Serra and Palóu voluntered for the Sierra Gorda missions, and both walked the 175 miles to Jalpan, the central mission of that group.
		In 1752, Serra was appointed a commissioner of the Holy Office of the Inquisition for the Sierra Gorda district, and for other areas he happened to be preaching where there was no resident commissioner.
	www.mchsmuseum.com /serra.html (530 words)

	Junipero Serra
		He was born Miguel Jose Serra at Petra on the Spanish Island of Mallorca, Spain.
		In 1750, Serra volunteered to serve the Franciscan missions in the new world and left Cadiz, Spain and sailed for Vera Cruz, Mexico, at the age of 36.
		On August 28, 1784, at the age of 70 and after traveling 24,000 miles, Father Junipero Serra died at Mission San Carlos Borromeo and is buried there under the sanctuary floor.
	www.sandiegohistory.org /bio/serra/serra.htm (1056 words)

	Father Junipero Serra
		Junipero Serra was born on November 24, 1713 to Antonio Serra and his wife, Margarita Ferrer in the village of Petra on the island of Mallorca.
		On September 14, 1730, Serra received the Franciscan habit in the Convento de Jesus in the city of Palma, capital of Mallorca.
		Father Serra died in 1784 and is buried at Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo.
	www.sjchistoricalsociety.com /Serra.html (354 words)

	Father Junipero Serra
		Serra was born of lowly people in the island of Majorca, and while he was yet a little child sang as chorister in the convent of San Bernardino.
		For nineteen years after their arrival in Mexico, Father Junipero and his three friends were kept at work there, under the control of the College of San Fernando, in founding missions and preaching.
		Serra was put in charge of it, and was appointed president of all the California missions.
	www.kidport.com /RefLib/UsaHistory/Missions/JuniperoSerra.htm (649 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1750 Fray Junipero Serra was sent to the region of the Indians known as Pames, Jonaces, Huasetecas, and Totmies, to establish missions to convert and pacify these natives.
		The missions were to make real the message of Christ: Jalpan, the defense of the faith; Conca, the struggle of good over evil; Landa, the Virgin Mary as the source of grace; Tilaco, the glorification of Saint Francis of Assisi and Tancoyolo, Mary as the source of light of the grace of God.
		It was then that Fray Junipero Serra was sent west and commenced the construciton of the nineteen missions for which he is most remembered.
	mind.net /rvuuf/pages/junipero.htm (511 words)

	William H. Hannon Foundation \| Father Junipero Serra
		At dedication ceremonies, where a school’s student body often was assembled, William would encourage the children to rub Father Serra’s toe for good luck.
		Those established by Father Serra or during his administration were San Carlos (3 June, 1770); San Antonio (14 July, 1771); San Gabriel (8 September, 1771); San Luis Obispo (1 September, 1772); San Francisco de Asis (8 October, 1776); San Juan Capistrano (1 Nov. 1776); Santa Clara (12 January, 1777); San Buenaventura (31 March, 1782).
		For nearly two years Father Serra refrained, and then Viceroy Majorga gave instructions to the effect that Father Serra was within his rights.
	www.hannonfoundation.org /juniperoserra.html (1124 words)

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