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Topic: Junk DNA

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	Junk DNA: ScienCentral Video News
		They did see the expected differences in the shared genes from the common ancestor, but they were surprised to find long stretches of shared "junk" DNA that were exactly the same in humans and rodents.
		"There were about five hundred stretches of DNA in the human genome that hadn't changed at all in the millions and millions of years that separated the human from the mouse and the rat," says Haussler.
		Long stretches of "junk" DNA are exactly the same in humans and rodents.
	www.sciencentral.com /articles/view.php3?type=article&article_id=218392305 (719 words)

	Junk DNA - EvoWiki
		The total amount of DNA per haploid cell in an organism is referred to as the C value; the failure of C values to correspond to phylogenetic complexity is called the C-value paradox.
		Regulatory elements are stretches of DNA associated with genes that assist the molecular machinery of gene expression in determining which genes, and which exons within those genes, should be expressed.
		Junk DNA may therefore have a role in reducing the rate of mutation.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Junk_DNA (2053 words)

	Junk DNA - Crystalinks
		In molecular biology, "junk" DNA is a collective label for the portions of the DNA sequence of a chromosome or a genome for which no function has yet been identified.
		Some portions of junk DNA could serve presently unknown regulatory functions, controlling the expression of certain genes and/or the development of an organism from embryo to adult.Junk DNA may serve other, unknown purposes.
		Gene deserts are long stretches of DNA between genes that were once thought to have no biological function, and were dismissed as "junk DNA." As scientists probe deeper into the DNA's double helix, however, they are discovering that many of these "non-coding" segments actually play an important role in regulating gene activity.
	www.crystalinks.com /junkdna.html (1282 words)

	‘Junk’ DNA: evolutionary discards or God’s tools?
		The so-called ‘junk’ DNAs that have perplexed creationists and evolutionary scientists alike may be the very elements that can explain the mechanisms by which God is at work in His creation now and in the past.
		Junk or ‘selfish’ DNA is believed to be largely parasitic in nature, persisting in the genomes of higher organisms as ‘evolutionary remnants’ by their ability to reproduce and spread themselves, or perhaps because they have supposedly mutated into a function the cell can use.
		The ability of DNA sequences to rearrange and/or to move about in the genome or even between genomes, was originally a heretical idea for both evolutionist and creationist, but now is one that is strongly supported as being an integral part of gene regulation.
	www.answersingenesis.org /tj/v14/i2/junk_dna.asp (0 words)

	Discovery of Junk DNA
		Junk you keep in case it may be useful." The DNA that gene-mapping scientists study is called a coding sequence.
		Junk DNA, especially introns, may have been relevant in earlier evolutionary stages or it could have been a harmless mistake.
		Scientists theorize that stretches of junk DNA could be space holders in the genome or spare parts that become useful in mutating DNA.
	www.cephasministry.com /news_dna_junk.html (779 words)

	Junk DNA - Glasgledius (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Junk DNA is all the DNA in a genome with no known function that is not part of a gene.
		Also some parts of the DNA outside the genes are now known to be promoters of transcription or other regulatory sequences that figure in the control of gene activity.
		It is also believed that junk DNA contains a pool of now defunct genes and gene fragments, known as pseudogenes, that were cast aside during evolution.
	www.glasglow.com /E2/ju/Junk_DNA.html (248 words)

	Junk DNA
		Such non-functional sequences in genes are sometimes referred to as non-coding, because they play no apparent role in DNA to mRNA transcription or mRNA to protein translation, and do not seem to play any significant regulatory or intermediary role in the transcription or translation processes.
		The function of exons is easier to discern experimentally because the functional proteins, to which they contribute information, can reveal their function, and as a result less exons (coding-sequences) are thought of as junk.
		The analysis and investigation of non-coding sequences and junk DNA such as that incorporated in introns is an area of great potential interest for experimental methods incorporating the detection of specified complexity based on complex specified information.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Junk_DNA (248 words)

	FuturePundit: Junk DNA Result Of Slowness Of Natural Selection
		As for mobile elements that jump around the genome: Yes, note that this reason for removing junk DNA is especially strong in the case of stem cells that are going to be used to grow replacement organs.
		There's another point about junk DNA that especially holds for agricultural plants and animals: to the extent that junk DNA can be removed from crops and livestock a source of variability is removed that essentially serves as noise.
		Once purely junk sections are identified with a fairly high probability of correct classification and techniques for removing it are developed it seems inevitable that more daring individuals will opt to try to have the junk removed from their replacement organs and progeny.
	www.futurepundit.com /archives/001810.html (3743 words)

	Parasite or partner? Study suggests new role for junk DNA
		ANN ARBOR, Mich. — Junk DNA is the Rodney Dangerfield of the genetics world.
		Other researchers had demonstrated the ability of human L1s to repair DNA breaks in yeast cells, but Morrish is the first to show the effect can occur in mammalian cells.
		Since DNA damage may lead to cell death unless it is repaired, the existence of an alternate repair pathway could be a good thing for the host cell.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-05/uomh-pop051002.php (648 words)

	Junk DNA" - Over 95 percent of DNA has largely unknown function
		Presently, only the function of a few percent of the DNA is known, the rest has been believed to be useless garbage, commonly called "Junk DNA" by molecular biologists.
		Presently, only the function of a few percent of the DNA is known, the rest has been believed to be "junk".
		It has been reported that the sequences of this unknown DNA are inherited and that some repetitive patterns in it seem to be associated with increased risk for cancer.
	www.psrast.org /junkdna.htm (1593 words)

	Junk DNA - ResearchID.org
		Junk DNA is a term that has been used, often erroneously, to describe various sequences in a genome, including non-coding regions, introns, pseudogenes, and repetitive sequences.
		While searching for functionality, Ohno and other scientists used "junk DNA" as an apt descriptor for their expectations that much of DNA showed the genetic results of evolutionary processes that were ultimately unguided, unplanned, and unpredictable.
		Consider the term "junk DNA." Implicit in this term is the view that because the genome of an organism has been cobbled together through along, undirected evolutionary process, the genome is a patchwork of which only limited portions are essential to the organism.
	www.researchintelligentdesign.org /wiki/Junk_DNA (1863 words)

	The Panda's Thumb: Junk DNA, Linguistics and the scientific vacuity of Intelligent Design
		In case of Junk DNA, I have attempted to show that IDers are confused about the concept and meaning of the terms, that they ignore the scientific history of the term, and that their claims that ID predicts or explains these data are unsupportable.
		Junk DNA also historically included regulatory regions which can hardly be called junk in the common sense of the word, but they are not expressed as proteins.
		Junk DNA is a subset of non-coding DNA and I don’t see any evidence to support your claim that scientists are abandoning the term “junk DNA” in favor of “non-coding DNA.” That doesn’t make sense.
	www.pandasthumb.org /archives/2007/01/junk_dna_lingui.html (0 words)

	Junk DNA definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		The term "junk DNA" is a disparaging one, expressing some of the disappointment felt by geneticists when they first gazed upon sizable segments of the genetic code and, instead of seeing one wonderful gene after another, they saw a few exons surrounded by vast stretches of "junk DNA."
		However, junk DNA has been found to be even more conserved than protein-coding regions of the DNA in humans and other mammalian species.
		Junk DNA may prove not to be junk.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=13535 (0 words)

	NewCreationism.Org - Article #11 - Tonsils and Junk DNA
		It may be obvious, but it's first important to state that a key underlying assumption behind claiming that a biological entity is vestigial is that one has the ultimate understanding of all of the potential uses of a given organ or structure.
		Interestingly enough however, there's a replacement and it's name is "Junk DNA." This stems from the fact that only a small portion of a species DNA actually codes for proteins during biological development.
		The logical extension to theories like vestigial organs and "Junk" DNA is what I call the theory of "Junk" humanity.
	www.newcreationism.org /CreationArticle11.html (1376 words)

	The Functions of Introns: From Junk DNA to Designed DNA
		In contrast to the requirement of evolution for large amounts of useless DNA, the research explosion on DNA has revealed evidence that much of this DNA is necessary, or even critical, for life.
		Consensus sequences are DNA segments that use similar base sequences in different genes within a single gene family or across many different species for one specific function.
		Mutations in introns may influence neoplasm development because mutations that occur in introns (or in the DNA sequences that flank the gene) can affect the various steps required for normal expression of the gene even though the intron codes may not be detectable by studies of the protein product of the gene.
	www.rae.org /introns.html (6030 words)

	Junk DNA that isn’t \| Uncommon Descent
		Junk DNA is not only entirely consistant with evolution and can be explained by the action of natural selection and it is a prediction of the equations of evolutionary genetics.
		Another thing about junk DNA is that releasing a DNA sequence from immediate selection pressure so that mutation can run wild on it seems to be an underlying principle of genetic drift where unused sequences in the present can be beneficially employed in the future.
		The term “Junk DNA” (the mother and father of all misnomers) did not apparently arise in direct support of Darwinism, it is a rather formidable problem for primitive Darwinists.
	www.uncommondescent.com /intelligent-design/junk-dna-that-isnt (5162 words)

	Junk DNA \| Uncommon Descent
		Prokayrotes have virtually no junk DNA in comparison and their reproductive success is largely due to how rapidly they can reproduce in great numbers.
		The junk DNA may just be DNA that failed to replicate properly and the cells just had to find a way to get it out of the way.
		Only if the junk DNA contained information specifying for future evolutionary evvents, when it would not in a strict sense be junk in any case, could the finding be reconsiled with a teleological model of evolution.
	www.uncommondescent.com /intelligent-design/junk-dna (14325 words)

	Evolution News & Views: Junk DNA and Science-Stopping
		Over the years, many (though not all) Darwinists have stated that non-coding DNA is not worth exploring because it is thought to be mere evolutionary junk.
		Consider the term "junk DNA." Implicit in this term is the view that because the genome of an organism has been cobbled together through a long, undirected evolutionary process, the genome is a patchwork of which only limited portions are essential to the organism.
		The fact that ‘junk DNA’ is not junk has emerged not because of evolutionary theory but in spite of it.
	www.evolutionnews.org /2006/12/junk_dna_and_sciencestopping.html (0 words)

	Seed: Junk (DNA) in the Trunk
		The study of non-coding DNA is imperative because within that 98.5 percent of "junk" genetic material reside sequences that control the timing, location and level of proteins encoded within genes, while not actually coding proteins themselves.
		This discovery will not only speed up research into junk DNA and lead to better treatment and prevention of congenital diseases, it will also aid in the selection of stem cell lines, as researchers now have an enhanced ability to predict future disorders and mutations through reading the non-coding genetic material.
		Junk (DNA) in the Trunk, written by Britt Peterson, posted on March 27, 2006 12:51 AM, is in the category Sex, Genetics & Cloning.
	www.seedmagazine.com /news/2006/03/junk_dna_in_the_trunk.php (517 words)

	WhAt iS DNA? - DNA Productions
		DNA's projects include the Oscar nominated, "Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius" feature film for Paramount and Nickelodeon and "The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius" television series, which currently airs on Nickelodeon.
		And, DNA wrote, directed and produced the 3D Christmas special, "Santa vs. the Snowman" for O Entertainment, which runs in Imax theaters during the holiday season.
		DNA is currently in development on a new animated feature film in conjunction with Playtone and Warner Bros.
	www.dnahelix.com /what.php (256 words)

	The Loom: The Junk DNA Preservation Society
		Even if junk DNA doesn't benefit us in any obvious way, that doesn't mean that we can do without it.
		None of this is meant to dispute the fact that much of junk DNA acts selfishly on evolutionary time-scales.
		The pasting and copying of junk DNA is a major source of new genetic variation.
	www.corante.com /loom/archives/000785.html (0 words)

	Non Coding DNA; From Junk to "Bling"? Page 9
		The term junk DNA refers to those portions of the genome which appear to have no specific purpose.
		The presence of the motifs in junk DNA suggests these portions of the genome may have an important functional role.
		The double-stranded DNA molecule is held together by chemical components called bases Adenine (A) bonds with thymine (T); cytosine (C) bonds with guanine (G) These "letters" form the "code of life".
	s8int.com /dna9.html (756 words)

	Junk Dna - Talk Medical
		The term "junk DNA" is a disparaging one, expressing some of the disappointment felt by geneticists when they first gazed upon sizable segments of the genetic code and, instead of seeing one wonderful gene after another, they saw a few exons surrounded by vast stretches of "junk DNA."
		However, junk DNA has been found to be even more conserved than protein-coding regions of the DNA in humans and other mammalian species.
		Junk DNA may prove not to be junk.
	www.talkmedical.com /medical-dictionary/7906/Junk-Dna (185 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Salvage prospect for 'junk' DNA
		The term junk DNA refers to those portions of the genome which appear to have no specific purpose.
		But a team from IBM has identified patterns, or "motifs", that were found both in the junk areas of the genome and those which coded for proteins.
		The presence of the motifs in junk DNA suggests these portions of the genome may have an important functional role.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/4940654.stm (784 words)

	Catalyst: Genius of Junk (DNA) - ABC TV Science
		In 1987, despite having no formal training in genetics, he had a moment of remarkable insight that convinced him that Junk DNA was serving a vital function; it provided markers that indicated susceptibility to disease.
		Controversially, he laid claim to the ‘Junk’, patenting the use of 95% percent of the DNA of all species on earth.
		The importance indeed the ‘genius’ of so-called ‘junk’ may be its ability to organise and arrange the very building blocks of life.
	www.abc.net.au /catalyst/stories/s898887.htm (3857 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. DNA
		It is the principal constituent of GENES (linear segments of DNA) and CHROMOSOMES, the structures that transmit hereditary characteristics.
		The amount of DNA is constant for all typical cells of any given species of plant or animal, regardless of the size or function of that cell.
		A DNA segment with excess or insufficient helical twisting is referred to, respectively, as positively or negatively "supercoiled".
	fusionanomaly.net /dna.html (3346 words)

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