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Topic: Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter

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	Jupiter - Crystalinks
		Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and by far the largest within our solar system; some have described the solar system as consisting of the Sun, Jupiter, and assorted debris.
		Jupiter is usually the fourth brightest object in the sky (after the Sun, the Moon and Venus; however at times Mars appears brighter than Jupiter, while at others Jupiter appears brighter than Venus).
		Jupiter is composed of a relatively small rocky core, surrounded by metallic hydrogen, surrounded by liquid hydrogen, which is surrounded by gaseous hydrogen.
	www.crystalinks.com /jupiter.html (2576 words)

	Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO)
		A proposed future NASA mission to orbit three of the large moons of Jupiter and conduct lengthy observations of these objects.
		JIMO could be one of the first deep space probes to have a nuclear power system, designed and developed as part of Project Prometheus.
		With unprecedented levels of electrical power available, JIMO would be able to study each moon in turn for long periods, enabling it to settle such important questions as whether these bodies do indeed have sub-surface oceans.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/J/JIMO.html (731 words)

	Space Today Online - Exploring Jupiter - JIMO - Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
		Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter is an ambitious proposal to fly a spacecraft out to Jupiter, orbit three of its planet-sized moons, and study the vast saltwater oceans locked under their icy surfaces.
		JIMO would be a large-scale spacecraft carrying yet-to-be-developed technology and driven by electric propulsion powered by a nuclear fission reactor.
		JIMO would orbit each of the moons for extensive further investigation of their makeup, their history and their potential for sustaining life.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Jupiter/JIMO.html (1139 words)

	CNN.com - Nuclear-powered spacecraft to explore Jupiter's moons - Dec. 9, 2003
		NASA plans to dispatch a hulking nuclear-powered spacecraft to determine whether three of Jupiter's icy, planet-sized moons have the potential to harbor life.
		The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter, or Jimo, would spend monthlong stints circling the moons Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, which are believed to have vast oceans tucked beneath thick covers of ice.
		Jimo would carry high-resolution cameras and other instruments, including radar and lasers to map the thickness and elevation of the ice that envelops each moon.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/space/12/09/jupiter.icymoons.ap/index.html (492 words)

	Universe Today - NASA Awards Jupiter Icy Moons Mission
		The Prometheus JIMO mission is part of an ambitious mission to orbit and explore three planet-sized moons, Callisto, Ganymede and Europa, of Jupiter.
		JIMO would be the first NASA mission using nuclear electric propulsion, which would enable the spacecraft to orbit each icy world to perform extensive investigations of their composition, history, and potential for sustaining life.
		The themes are: evaluate the degree subsurface oceans are present on these moons; study the chemical composition of the moons, including organic materials, and the surface processes that affect them; and scrutinize the entire Jupiter system, particularly the interactions between Jupiter, the moons' atmospheres and interiors.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/nasa_awards_jimo.html?2192004 (653 words)

	Finding JIMO: Jupiter's Icy Moon Orbiter
		Dust measurements have shown that the Galilean moons are surrounded by tenuous dust clouds formed by collisional ejecta from their icy surfaces, kicked up by impacts of interplanetary micrometeoroids.
		Tidal dissipation in Jupiter is the ultimate source of the energy that powers Io's volcanism and may also be an important cause of heating in Europa and Ganymede.
		The icy satellites of Jupiter are embedded within the magnetosphere and as such, are constantly bombarded by intense radiation and charged particles.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/jupiter-europa-03f.html (1789 words)

	Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ganymede and Callisto, which are now thought to have liquid, salty oceans beneath their icy surfaces, were also targets of interest for the probe.
		When it was cancelled, the JIMO mission was in its early planning stage and launch wasn't expected before 2017.
		Throughout its main voyage to the Jupiter moons, it was to be propelled by an ion propulsion called HiPEP, and powered by a small fission reactor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Orbiter (581 words)

	NUCLEARSPACE COMPANY PROFILE: THE BOEING COMPANY
		The JIMO spacecraft might be about half the length of a football field, and the thermal energy from its small nuclear reactor, once converted to electricity, would support very high-power onboard science instruments, high-rate downlink of the data collected and efficient propulsion for flexible mission design.
		JIMO would be virtually free from launch window constraints and be able to move from moon to moon in the Jovian system.
		Jupiter is giant, its equatorial diameter 11 times our planet comprising almost 70% of the whole solar system as mass and the fastest rotation of any other planet at 9 hours 50 minutes 33 seconds.
	www.nuclearspace.com /A_boeingprofileFIN.htm (2778 words)

	Report of the NASA Science Definition Team for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter \| Jupiter Today - Your Daily Source of ...
		The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) affords an exciting and unprecedented opportunity to explore a part of the solar system identified by the National Academy of Sciences as critical in the search for life's origins and the understanding of planetary evolution.
		JIMO near-global high resolution imaging in the visible and infrared, with corresponding topographic mapping and subsurface sounding, will enable the determination of the styles, distribution, and importance of active processes that have shaped the icy satellites' surfaces over time.
		JIMO be implemented to meet all science baseline and floor objectives, investigations and measurements elucidated in Section 3.
	www.jupitertoday.com /news/viewsr.html?pid=12642 (2124 words)

	RedOrbit - Space - Visiting Jupiter on Nuclear Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Los Alamos is leading reactor design for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter mission, which would orbit Callisto, Ganymede and Europa to study their makeup, possible vast oceans beneath the ice, their history and potential for sustaining life.
		The JIMO mission demands a safe, low-mass, high-temperature reactor that can be developed and qualified quickly, can operate reliably in the harsh environment of space for more than a decade, and can meet a wide range of mission and spacecraft requirements, he said.
		Jupiter's moon Europa may have life thriving in a giant ocean under its icy surface.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=47339 (937 words)

	Space Today Online - Exploring Jupiter - JIMO - Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter - the moon Ganymede
		Ganymede would be the second moon explored by the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter, after Callisto.
		In the bright regions, the terrain is grooved with ridges and troughs.
		The crust probably is a thick layer of water ice, and the mantle probably is ice and silicates.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Jupiter/GanymedeInfo.html (527 words)

	Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter spacecraft
		JIMO is the first NASA mission using nuclear electric propulsion and the first mission of Project Prometheus.
		To explore the three icy moons of Jupiter - Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa for their potential for sustaining life, to determine if the moons have subsurface oceans and to locate potential future landing sites by determining the thicknesses of ice layers.
		JIMO is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Exploration Systems, Washington, D.C. It will be responsible for delivering the mission module, which would include instruments procured competitively via a NASA announcement of opportunity.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spacecraft/jimo.html (904 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Proposed nuclear-powered Jupiter mission defined
		The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter is a spacecraft with an ambitious proposed mission that would orbit three planet-sized moons of Jupiter -- Callisto, Ganymede and Europa -- that may harbor vast oceans beneath their icy surfaces.
		The themes are to evaluate the degree to which subsurface oceans are present on these worlds; to study the chemical composition of the moons, including organic materials, and the surface processes that affect them; and to scrutinize the entire Jupiter system, particularly the interactions between Jupiter and the moons' atmospheres and interiors.
		The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter, managed by JPL, would be the first NASA mission utilizing nuclear electric propulsion, which would enable the spacecraft to orbit each of these icy worlds to perform extensive investigations of their makeup, history and potential for sustaining life.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0405/27jimo (1171 words)

	Chapter 13: Jupiter
		This true color mosaic of Jupiter was constructed from images taken by the narrow angle camera onboard NASA's Cassini spacecraft starting at 5:31 Universal time on December 29, 2000, as the spacecraft neared Jupiter during its flyby of the giant planet.
		Jupiter has 58 moons as of this writing, but Jewitt estimates that perhaps 100 can be found with the current method of wide-field mosaic CCD's with today's telescopes and cameras.
		Jupiter's nearest rival for having the largest number of known satellites is Saturn, with 30 (of which 13 are irregular).
	www.williams.edu /Astronomy/jay/chapter13_etu6.html (4890 words)

	ScienceDaily: NASA Selects Contractor For First Prometheus Mission To Jupiter
		NASA Plans For Proposed Jupiter Mission (May 31, 2004) -- The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter is a spacecraft with an ambitious proposed mission that would orbit three planet-sized moons of Jupiter -- Callisto, Ganymede and Europa -- that may harbor vast oceans...
		Icy Jupiter Moon Throws A Curve Ball At Formation Theories (June 2, 2005) -- Scientists studying data from NASA's Galileo spacecraft have found that Jupiter's moon Amalthea is a pile of icy rubble less dense than water.
		Jupiter -- Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and by far the largest within the solar system.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/09/040921080036.htm (1794 words)

	Northrop Grumman Partners with NASA JPL to Co-Develop Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		JIMO would orbit Jupiter's three ice-covered Galilean moons - Ganymede, Callisto and Europa - gathering data to help scientists understand the moons' origin and evolution, potential for sustaining life, and radiation environment.
		The orbiter would have 100 times more usable onboard power than any previous probe, enabling its science instruments to gather more and higher quality data and to send it back to Earth at vastly higher data rates.
		JIMO is expected to launch no earlier than 2015 on its five-to-eight year interplanetary journey.
	www.irconnect.com /noc/press/pages/news_releases.mhtml?d=64287 (448 words)

	The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Project: The Scientific Rationale
		The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) is proposed by NASA as the next step in the exploration of the Jovian system following the successful Galileo project.
		JIMO would use nuclear-electric propulsion to deliver a highly capable scientific payload to Jupiter and go into orbit around Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, and to conduct investigations of the Jovian system.
		The scientific foundations for the proposed JIMO mission include recommendations from previous studies by the National Research Council, which identify Europa and the Jupiter system as high-priority objects for solar system exploration and the search for life's origin.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2004EO360001.shtml (233 words)

	Global Network - NASA nuclear orbiter to search for oceans on 3 Jupiter moons - 11/6/03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The proposed Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter would use radar to measure the thickness of the ice shells and search for oceans beneath them.
		The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter, known as JIMO, would be the first interplanetary space probe powered by a nuclear fission reactor.
		JIMO would convert heat from the reactor into electricity that propels the spacecraft.
	www.space4peace.org /mars/marsorbiter.htm (450 words)

	Northrop Grumman to co-design Jupiter moons explorer for NASA - JIMO / Prometheus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Prometheus Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter spacecraft will be designed to explore Callisto, Ganymede and Europa sometime in the next decade, after launching in 2012 or later.
		Scientists want to know what the big moons are made of, their history and whether the oceans that possibly exist under the ice could sustain life.
		JIMO is basically the Discovery from 2001: A Space Odyssey without the crew, the space pods, or HAL.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1222047/posts (1078 words)

	Reactor Power In Space - Shooting For The Moons - ORNL Review Vol. 37, No. 1, 2004
		JIMO will be the first space probe to orbit around and collect data from three moons.
		JIMO will be powered by a reactor—the second reactor launched into space by the United States.
		The JIMO mission is led by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, and is funded by NASA's Office of Space Science.
	www.ornl.gov /info/ornlreview/v37_1_04/article_08.shtml (1198 words)

	Boeing: Boeing Delivers JIMO Spacecraft Design Proposal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The JIMO reactor would provide more than 100 times more usable onboard power than has been available to previous science probes and demonstrate nuclear reactors can be operated safely and reliably in space to provide electrical power needed for propulsion and scientific exploration.
		The orbiter's proposed mission is to explore Jupiter's three ice-covered Galilean moons Ganymede, Callisto and Europa and would launch no earlier than 2015, as outlined in the national Vision for Space Exploration.
		Boeing's analysis of the proposed mission would have the JIMO spacecraft embark on a direct five- to eight-year interplanetary journey to reach the icy moons avoiding the time intensive gravity assists often used to sling chemically propelled space probes toward their final destinations.
	www.boeing.com /ids/network_space/news/2004/q3/nr_040719y.html (718 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| New horizons for Nasa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The nuclear-powered Jimo mission will allow for the first time a single space craft to reach the Jupiter system with a large complement of scientific equipment along with the propulsive power to visit each of Jupiter's moons in turn for a sustained study.
		For example, one mission uppermost in the minds of most planetary scientists is a space craft to orbit Europa, the ice-crusted moon of Jupiter under which there may reside primitive forms of life.
		The Jimo mission would be able to observe each of the moons for long periods then move to the next having unprecedented electrical power available to its sensors.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/2983100.stm (572 words)

	News Service: Iowa State University
		And although NASA has suspended that proposed mission and replaced it with a mission to the moon, Kelkar and other team members think their technology will be launched into space one day.
		Ask about the Jupiter project and Kelkar turns to his computer and calls up images of the spacecraft, illustrations showing flexibility and vibration tests of spacecraft parts and charts detailing simulations of the spacecraft's performance.
		And from what he can see of the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter mission from his office at Iowa State, Kelkar said the project is technically challenging, but certainly possible.
	www.iastate.edu /~nscentral/news/2005/sep/jupiter.shtml (584 words)

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