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	Io (moon) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Io (IPA: /ˈaɪoʊ/, eye'-oe, Greek Ιώ, Latin Īō) is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter.
		Although the name "Io" was suggested by Simon Marius soon after its discovery in 1610, this name and the names of the other Galilean satellites fell into disfavor for a considerable time, and were not revived in common use until the mid-20th century.
		Due to the rapid rotation of Jupiter's magnetic field, these particles are swept along the orbit in front of Io where they form a torus of intense radiation around Jupiter that glows brightly in the ultraviolet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Io_(moon) (1156 words)

	Encyclopedia: Jupiter (planet) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Jupiter is usually the fourth brightest object in the sky (after the Sun, the Moon and Venus; however at times Mars appears brighter than Jupiter, while at others Jupiter appears brighter than Venus).
		Jupiter is composed of a relatively small rocky core, surrounded by metallic hydrogen, surrounded by liquid hydrogen, which is surrounded by gaseous hydrogen.
		Jupiter's atmosphere is composed of ~86% hydrogen and ~14% helium by number of atoms.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Jupiter-(planet) (7983 words)

	Io (moon) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Io (eye'-oh, Greek Ιώ) is the innermost of the four (An inhabitant of Galilee (an epithet of Jesus Christ)) Galilean (Any natural satellite of a planet) moons of ((Roman mythology) supreme god of Romans; counterpart of Greek Zeus) Jupiter.
		Io is most noteworthy for its volcanic nature; it is the most volcanically active body in the (The sun with the celestial bodies that revolve around it in its gravitational field) Solar System.
		The location of Io with respect to the (The 3rd planet from the sun; the planet on which we live) Earth and Jupiter has a strong influence on the Jovian radio emissions as seen from the earth: When Io is visible, radio signals from Jupiter increase considerably.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/io/io_(moon).htm (1810 words)

	Io, Jupiter's Moon
		Jupiter's moon Io [EYE-oh or EE-oh] is one of the most exotic places in the solar system.
		Io acts as an electrical generator as it moves through Jupiter's magnetic field, developing 400,000 volts across its diameter and generating an electric current of 3 million amperes that flows along the magnetic field to the planet's ionosphere.
		Based on density, surface composition analysis, and gravity data, Io appears to be a rocky silicate rich body that has a dense iron, iron sulfide core that extends halfway to the surface with a partially melted silicate rich mantle, and a thin rocky crust.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/io.htm (1605 words)

	ipedia.com: Jupiter (planet) Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Jupiter is composed of a relatively small rockyy core, surrounded by metallic hydrogen, surrounded by liquid hydrogen, which is surrounded by gaseous hydrogen.
		Jupiter's atmosphere is composed of ~86% hydrogen and ~14% helium (by number of atoms, the atmosphere is ~75%/24% by mass; with ~1% of the mass accounted for by other substances - the interior contains denser materials such that the distribution is ~71%/24%/5%).
		After the discovery of a liquid ocean on Jupiter's moon Europa and the end of the Galileo probe, which was deorbited in September 2003, NASA is planning a mission dedicated to the icy moons.
	www.ipedia.com /jupiter__planet_.html (1784 words)

	Io
		Jupiter's massive gravity field distorts the shape of Io in the same way that tides are raised in Earth's oceans by the gravitational tugs of the Sun and Moon.
		Auroras in Io's atmosphere is one likely result of the electron beams, they reported, and the two-way electron highway that the beams produce between Jupiter and Io must contribute to some of the auroras observed in Jupiter's atmosphere as well.
		Io is immersed in the Io plasma torus, a gas of ions of O and S and electrons originating from the satellite itself and trapped around its orbit by Jupiter's magnetic field.
	www.resa.net /nasa/io.htm (2418 words)

	PSR Discoveries:Hot Idea: Hot, Mushy Io
		If correct, Io gives us an opportunity to study processes that operate in huge, global magma systems, which scientists believe were important during the early history of the Moon and Earth, and possibly other planetary bodies as well.
		Current estimates of the density of Io's interior range from 3.148 to 3.878 grams per cubic centimeter, though the currently favored value is 3.280, closer to the mushy than to the solid interior.
		For example, Io is being heated continuously, so it does not allow formation of a crust by the floatation of low-density mineral grains, as happened on the Moon.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Feb00/IoMagmaOcean.html (1910 words)

	Jupiter Moon Io (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Io is the closest of the four largest moons of Jupiter.
		The first images of Io from the Voyager spacecraft were dramatic indeed, showing a surface with reds, browns and yellows in patterns which reminded one observer of a "giant pizza".
		Io has three other large companion moons which exert forces on it, resulting in a slightly elliptical orbit for which the same side does not always face Jupiter.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /HBASE/solar/io.html (554 words)

	Io
		Io was a maiden who was loved by Zeus (Jupiter) and transformed into a heifer in a vain attempt to hide her from the jealous Hera.
		Io has an amazing variety of terrains: calderas up to several kilometers deep, lakes of molten sulfur (below right), mountains which are apparently NOT volcanoes (left), extensive flows hundreds of kilometers long of some low viscosity fluid (some form of sulfur?), and volcanic vents.
		Some of the hottest spots on Io may reach temperatures as high as 2000 K though the average is much lower, about 130 K. These hot spots are the principal mechanism by which Io loses its heat.
	seds.lpl.arizona.edu /nineplanets/nineplanets/io.html (764 words)

	Jupiter and Io (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Jupiter and Io Jupiter and Io cientists have detected intense, naturally occurring, radio-frequency emissions from Jupiter.
		Volcanic activity on Io ejects gasses, producing an atmosphere that is ionized to form a region similar to Earth's ionosphere.
		As Io sweeps through the Jovian magnetic field, a potential of approximately 400,000 volts (V) is created across its conducting atmosphere, and measurements indicate that massive currents on the order of 5 million amperes (A) flow along the field lines between Io and Jupiter into the lower Jovian ionosphere.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /Shuttle/STS-75/tss-1r/SCI/Jupiter_Io.html (240 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Io blows its top
		Io, one of the four large Jovian satellites, is highly volcanic with high-temperature eruptions similar to those on Earth.
		The 2001 Io eruption was very close to Surt, the site of a large eruption in 1979 that took place between the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft flybys.
		On the first day, Io was mostly quiet, with visible surface features such as dark calderas and relatively bright areas rich in sulphur dioxide frost.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/2492191.stm (611 words)

	Jupiter and Io: The unique celestial couple
		Jupiter's magnetic moment is about 20,000 times greater than that of Earth, with magnetic field direction opposite to that on Earth and inclination of 9.6°, which is close to 11° tilt on the Earth.
		Io is believed to have a dense core composed of iron and iron sulfide with a radius of approximately 900 km, which extends about halfway to the surface.
		Auroral emissions from Jupiter and Io Electromagnetic radiation emanating from the polar regions of a planet is known as aurora.
	www.europhysicsnews.com /full/21/article1/article1.html (3625 words)

	Jupiter's Moon Io
		The Voyagers observed the eruption of nine volcanoes on Io altogether.
		Io's volcanoes are apparently due to heating of the satellite by tidal pumping.
		Io is perturbed in its orbit by Europa and Ganymede, two other large satellites nearby, then pulled back again into its regular orbit by Jupiter.
	astro.if.ufrgs.br /solar/io.htm (1432 words)

	Jupiter's Moon Io
		Io is one of 28 moons of Jupiter.
		In addition, Io has tremendously high mountains, which are not volcanoes, and tectonic faults that give rise to the mountains and volcanoes, as well as split the mountains apart.
		Finally, Io is surrounded by a plasma torus, an ionized cloud of alkali metals, chlorine, sulfur monoxide, sulfur dioxide, oxygen, and sulfur orginating from Io but a part of the Jovian magnetic field.
	members.fortunecity.com /volcanopele (1769 words)

	Io's Volcanic Features
		The gravitational fields of Jupiter and its large moons Europa and Ganymede cause tidal bulges in the solid crust of Io that are as high as 100 meters (330 feet).
		Although geysers are relative small on Earth, the low gravity on Io (about 1/6th that of Earth) and the lack of atmospheric pressure produces the spectacular results observed by the spacecraft explorers.
		The Roll of Sulfur in Io's Volcanoes: Sulfur gas consisting of pairs of sulfur atoms (S2) is ejected from the hot vents of Io's volcanoes (green arrow).
	www.solarviews.com /eng/iovolcano.htm (914 words)

	Beware Io Dust
		Jupiter is not only a giant planet, but also a giant magnet, which spins once every 9 hours and 55 minutes.
		Ulysses Sweeps up Dust From Jupiter -- (ESA) In a repeat performance of its groundbreaking discovery in 1992, the DUST instrument on board Ulysses has detected streams of dust particles flowing from Jupiter during the recent second encounter with the giant planet.
		Io's Alien Volcanoes -- (Science@NASA) Scientists are eager for a closer look at the solar system's strangest and most active volcanoes.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2004/14sep_jupiterdust.htm (1013 words)

	CNN.com - Farewell look at Jupiter's burning moon - June 26, 2002
		The first direct visual evidence of Io volcanism came from photos taken by the Voyager spacecraft in 1979 and 1980, but astronomers had little idea how active the Jovian moon really was.
		Io was originally thought to have about a dozen lava pits, Johnson said.
		Most of Io's volcanoes are in flat regions, but a few rare specimens resemble crater-topped volcanic peaks like those on Earth, including one jutting up almost 20,000 feet (6,000 meters).
	archives.cnn.com /2002/TECH/space/06/26/galileo.io (582 words)

	Io: Jupiter’s Volcanic Moon
		Orbiting the giant planet Jupiter is the fascinating moon, Io, one of four moons discovered by Galileo in 1610.
		Io's surface coloration reflects the various colors that sulfur takes on at different temperatures.
		In order to prevent the possibility of the crippled spacecraft contaminating the environment of Io's neighboring moon, Europa, which may harbor a liquid water ocean beneath its surface, the spacecraft will plunge into the atmosphere of Jupiter on September 21, 2003.
	www.planetaryexploration.net /jupiter/io (249 words)

	Jupiter's Moons: Io
		Io is the only planetary body in the Solar System other than Earth known to exhibit active volcanism.
		Unlike Earth, the lava flows and eruptions on Io are composed primarily of sulfur.
		The difference in color of the flows may be related to impurities in the sulfur and cooling of the flows as they move away from the volcanic vent.
	www.nasm.si.edu /ETP/jupiter/jupmoon_io.html (250 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Jupiter's moon Io is hottest body outside the sun
		Io, one of the four satellites that the Italian astronomer Galileo discovered orbiting Jupiter almost 400 years ago, takes that prize.
		The innermost of the four major satellites of Jupiter - there are at least 16 - Io gets its high rate of volcanism from tidal interactions with Jupiter, which has the strongest magnetic field of all the planets.
		Astronomical observations of actively erupting volcanoes on Io may be able to detect the silicon monoxide gas in its atmosphere.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0406/11io (1028 words)

	StarDate Online \| Solar System Guide \| Io (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto are the largest.
		Io is the most famous moon of Jupiter because active volcanoes dot its surface.
		Sulfur on Io assumes different colors depending on the specific chemical compound and on its temperature.
	stardate.org /resources/ssguide/jupiter_moons.html (323 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter: Moons: Io
		A bit larger than Earth's moon, Io is the third largest of Jupiter's moons, and the fifth one in distance from the planet.
		Sulfur dioxide is the primary constituent of a thin atmosphere on Io.
		Io's orbit, keeping it at more or less a cozy 422,000 kilometers (262,000 miles) from Jupiter, cuts across the planet's powerful magnetic lines of force, thus turning Io into a electric generator.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Io (530 words)

	Jupiter and Io as Seen by Hubble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		An image of Jupiter taken on May 18, 1994, by the Wide Field & Planetary Camera-2 (WFPC-2) in wide field mode aboard NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, when the giant planet was at a distance of 420 million miles (670 million km) from Earth.
		Jupiter's rotation between exposures creates the blue and red fringe on either side of the disk.
		The dark spot on the disk of Jupiter is the shadow of the inner moon Io.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /sl9/image1.html (203 words)

	Jupiter Images Menu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea, Thebe, Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Leda, Himalia, Lysithea, Elara, Ananke, Carme, Pasiphae, Sinope
		Io's surface is as young as Callisto's is old.
		When the Galileo spacecraft begins studying Jupiter's system in 1995-1997, some parts of Callisto are planned to be imaged at much higher resolution (greater detail) than was available from the Voyagers.
	tes.asu.edu /SOLAR_SYST_TOUR/Jupiter.html (292 words)

	Chandra :: Photo Album :: Jupiter :: 27 Feb 02
		While Chandra observed Jupiter for its entire 10-hour rotation, the northern auroral X-rays were discovered to be due to a single 'hot spot' that pulsates with a period of 45 minutes, similar to high-latitude radio pulsations previously detected by NASA's Galileo and Cassini spacecraft.
		Although there had been prior detections of X-rays from Jupiter with other X-ray telescopes, no one expected that the sources of the X-rays would be located so near the poles.
		The X-rays are thought to be produced by energetic oxygen and sulfur ions that are trapped in Jupiter's magnetic field and crash into its atmosphere.
	chandra.harvard.edu /photo/2002/0001 (290 words)

	Jupiter and Io by CORREGGIO
		Two vertical canvases depicting Io and Ganymede, datable to 1531-32, are now in Vienna.
		In the first picture, Io, daughter of Inachus, the first king of Argos, and of Melia, priestess of Hera, whose anger she aroused for having attracted the attention of Zeus, is invited by the latter, at night, in a dream, to follow him and lie with him in the meadows of Lerna.
		Zeus, camouflaged within a flish cloud of constantly changing forms and in which his face and hand can be seen, undergoes new metamorphoses to conceal their loving from indiscreet gazes, covering them "with mist to show that divine things are concealed in the human face," as Ovid puts it in his story.
	www.wga.hu /html/c/correggi/mytholog/io.html (209 words)

	Jet Propulsion Laboratory: Planets
		NASA's Galileo spacecraft orbited Jupiter from December 1995 to September 2003, providing a stream of discoveries about the planet, its four largest moons and the surrounding environment.
		Closer to Jupiter, the moon Io is continuously resurfacing itself with fresh volcanic eruptions.
		Galileo was preceded by NASA's Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft, which flew past Jupiter in the 1970s.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /solar_system/planets/jupiter_index.html (239 words)

	Correggio- Jupiter and Io (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Correggio who painted the the end of the High Renaissance was a master of of all moods and paint textures.
		It shows the mortal nymph Io willingly accepting the embrace of Jupiter, who has appeared to her as a looming fl-gray cloud.
		Jupiter took this form in hope of evading the detection of his wife while he is chasing after the nearest female quarry.
	www.mystudios.com /treasure/correggio/correggio-review.html (103 words)

	Dashing through the Snow on Io
		When Galileo sped past Io's north pole on August 6, scientists were watching for activity from a polar volcano named Tvashtar, which had been spewing a plume several hundred km high only seven months earlier.
		If Io proves to have its own global magnetic field, it could mean that the moon harbors a self-sustaining magnetic dynamo deep within its core -- just as Earth does.
		After today's encounter, say mission planners, Galileo is slated for a final flyby of Io next January -- one last chance to dash through alien snow -- followed by a visit to Jupiter's inner moon Amalthea in November 2002.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2001/ast16oct_1.htm (1424 words)

	The Io Torus of Jupiter \| Astrophysics Visualization Archive \| NVO @ Hayden Planetarium \| American Museum of Natural ...
		The Io torus is a doughnut-shaped ring of gas surrounding Jupiter.
		As the planet rotates, the torus appears to wobble because Jupiter's magnetic field is tilted relative to its poles.
		Jupiter Millennium Flyby Website devoted to the Cassini flyby of Jupiter on December 30, 2000.
	www.haydenplanetarium.org /hp/vo/ava/avapages/P0404juptorus.html (196 words)

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