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Topic: Jurchens

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	Jurchens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 11th century Jurchen tribes of northern Manchuria descended from the Tungusic Mohe, or Malgal tribes who were subjects of the ethnically Goguryeo Bohai/Barhae state during the Tang era.
		The Jurchens then invaded territories under the Han Chinese Northern Song Dynasty and overran most of North China, first setting up puppet regimes like Qi and Chu, later directly ruling as a Chinese dynastic state named Jin ("Gold", not to be confused with the several Jin Dynasties named after the region around Shanxi and Henan).
		At first, the Jurchen tribesmen were kept in readiness for warfare but decades of urban and settled life in China eroded their original hunting-gathering lifestyle in Manchurian tundra and marshes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jurchens (1115 words)

	Jurchens - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Jurchens (Chinese: 女真;, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungusic people who inhabited parts of Manchuria andnorthern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus.
		The early Jurchen script was based on the Khitan script, which in turnwas inspired by Chinese characters.
		Chinese chroniclers of the Ming Dynasty distinguished three groups of Jurchens: the Wild Jurchens of northernmost Manchuria,the Haixi Jurchens of modern Heilongjiang and the Jianzhou Jurchens of modern Jilinprovince.
	www.encyclopedia-of-knowledge.com /?t=Jurchen (746 words)

	Jurchens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Jurchens (Chinese: 女真;, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were an Tungusic people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus.
		The Jurchens overran most of North China and captured the Song capital of Kaifeng in 1126.
		The early Jurchen script was based on the Khitan script, which in turn was inspired by Chinese characters.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Jurchens (826 words)

	1086-93. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jurchen tribes, forerunners of the Manchus who would later conquer China, defeated the Khitans in Manchuria.
		The Jurchens attacked the Song and were at the door of Kaifeng.
		When they failed to keep the provisions of the treaty, the Jurchens invaded Kaifeng again, took Huizong and his son captive along with the entire court, and moved their own capital to Beijing.
	www.bartleby.com /67/372.html (381 words)

	Jianzhou Jurchens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Jianzhou Jurchens were a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty.
		They were the southernmost group of the Jurchen people (the other being the Wild Jurchens and Haixi Jurchens) in the fourteenth century, inhabiting modern Jilin province in China.
		There was a general migration south of the various Jurchen groups around the turn of the century and the three tribes established themselves around the Tumen River (near the modern border of China, Russia and North Korea).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jianzhou_Jurchens (498 words)

	Nurhaci - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		He is considered to be the founding father of the Manchu state and is also credited with ordering the creation of a written script for the Manchu language.
		Nurhaci's organisation of the Manchu people, his attacks on the Ming Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty Korea, and his conquest of China's northeastern Liaodong province, laid the groundwork for the conquest of China by the Qing Dynasty.
		In 1582 his father Taksi and grandfather Giocangga led by the Ming Dynasty General Li Chengliang, were killed in an attack on Gure by a rival Jurchen cheiftain Nikan Wailan.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Nurhaci (898 words)

	Jurchens - China-related Topics JU-JZ - China-Related Topics
		The Jurchens (Chinese languageChinese: 女真, pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungus people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus.
		The Jurchen named their dynasty the Jin ("Golden") after a river in their homeland andmdash; For more detailed treatment of dynastic history and administration, see Jin Dynasty.
		However, because Chinese is an isolating language and the Jurchen and Khitan languages are agglutinative languageagglutinative, the script proved to be cumbersome.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Jurchens (912 words)

	Articles - Xin Qiji (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		At the time of his life, northern China was occupied by the Jurchens, a people from what is now north-east China then regarded as barbarians but later to beome the Manchus.
		He had many victories but was forced to give up his plan when the South negotiated a peace treaty in 1164.
		He died in 1207 at the same time that war was renewed between Song China and the Jurchens.
	www.winacea.com /articles/Xin_Qiji (189 words)

	Manchurians - Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ...
		The Jurchens are a group of people who lived in Manchuria for many centuries and the tribal name was known since the 7th cent according to one account.
		Jurchens' defeat by the Mongols would be after their 119-20 years of stay in China, and by that time, they had become very much sinicized.
		Genghis Khan was wounded in Dadong and agreed to a peace with the Jurchens with the condition that the Jurchen princess be sent to him as a bride.
	www.uglychinese.org /manchurian.htm (7529 words)

	Freefire Zone Forums - The Day the Jurchens Erupted into History...
		The Jurchens were a ferocious barbaric people, of simple farmers, hunters, fishermen and herders in the forests of Manchuria, with little contact with the outside civilised world.
		In the meantime, the Jurchens allied with the Song in 1120 to invade the last Qidan stronghold of Yanjing (modern Beijing and its environs), which was the disputed territory between the Qidans and the Chinese.
		The Song army was slow to reach Yanjing, and growing impatient, the Jurchens attacked the city w/o waiting for the Chinese troops to arrive.
	www.freefirezone.net /showthread.php?t=5723 (863 words)

	Asia Finest Discussion Forum > Manchu "Nurhachi" Y chromosome founded
		The Jurchens had fights with the early 'Mengwu' people (led by Kabul-khan) in 1139 and in 1147, and they nailed Ambaki and Kabul-khan's elder son to wooden donkeys and hence were feuds of Genghis Khan's Mongols.
		The Tatars had assisted the early Jurchens in defeating the Mongol (Meng-ku) rebellions, handed over Mongol leader Ambakai (dispueted to have adopted tribal name of Tayichi'ut) and his son to the Jurchens for execution in AD 1150s, and dealt the remaining Meng-ku tribes a decisive defeat near Lake Buir in AD 1160s.
		An emissary was sent to Jurchen emperor for a ceasefire, and Jurchen emperor surrendered Wanyan Yongji's daughter (Princess Qiguo), 500 boys and girls, and 3000 horses to Genghis Khan.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t56796.html (6109 words)

	Jurchens - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Jurchens (Traditional Chinese: 女眞; Simplified Chinese: 女真; Hanyu Pinyin: nǚzhēn) were a Tungus people who inhabited parts of Manchuria and northern Korea until the seventeenth century, when they became the Manchus.
		It comes from the Jurchen word jusen, the original meaning of which is unclear — possibly a cognate of Choson, which successively designated several states or cultures on the Korean Peninsula.
		They rose to power after their leader Wanyan Aguda unified them in 1115, declared himself Emperor, and quickly seized the Shangjing/Huanglongfu or Northern Capital of Liao.
	jurchens.quickseek.com (973 words)

	Khitan: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Kara-Khitai categoried the remnants of Khitans who escaped the conquest of the Jurchens and migrated to the Kara-Su.
		Their new regime was named Kara-Khitan Khanate with capital at Balasagun.
		The Jurchens (ancestors of the Manchu people) derived their large script in part from Khitan.
	www.encyclopedian.com /kh/Khitan.html (425 words)

	1107. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Jurchens presented the next threat to Kory
		As the Jurchens pressed south, conquering the Khitans (1125) and the Northern Song, great pressure was brought to bear on Kory
		to recognize Jurchen suzerainty over their land, thus avoiding military conflict.
	www.bartleby.com /67/380.html (473 words)

	Jurchen Jin Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Ogedei declined Jurchen Jin's tributes for condoling Genghis Khan's death and declined again Jurchen Jin's tributes for congratulating Ogedei on the enthronement.
		Wayan Hada was killed inside Junzhou, and another Jurchen general by the name of Shanhuashan came to the Mongols to die in front of Touli instead of dying among the soldiers.
		Jurchen general at Luoyang committed suicide, but the soldiers and residents managed to defeat the Mongol after a siege of three months by the Mongols.
	www.uglychinese.org /jurchen.htm (5994 words)

	Chinese Dynasties Project
		The members of the Jurchen tribes, who were nomadic people that hunted, fished, and raised horses, founded the Qing Dynasty.
		Under the leadership of their great leader, Nurhachi, the Jurchens were united and independent from the Ming dynasty in 1616.
		In 1644, the Jurchens successfully captured the city of Beijing, and moved the capital there.
	bethany.mca.org.tw /secondary/g7/dynasty-project/Qing/Qing.htm (1076 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Founder of the Chin(Jurched) Dynasty descended from Silla noble? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		the jin dynasty i believe was jurchen, and the liao dynasty was mongol.
		The Jin or Jurchens were never part of Silla or Koguryo.
		However, at the same time, the Jurchens condemned them, and decided to attack(They used the incident 25 years ago to justify their invasion- the starving of 50 camels and the exile of the embassador).
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=1512&PN=2 (2196 words)

	Xinjiang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Kara-Khanid Khanate was in control of western Xinjiang in the 10th century and the 11th century, while branches of the Uyghurs established themselves in central Xinjiang in the same time period.
		In 1132, remnants of the Khitan Empire from Manchuria entered Xinjiang, fleeing the onslaught of the Jurchens.
		They established an exile regime, the Kara-Khitan Khanate, that unified what is now Xinjiang over the next century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xinjiang (2479 words)

	Jurchens - TheBestLinks.com - Agglutinative language, Beijing, Chinese language, Confucianism, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jurchens - TheBestLinks.com - Agglutinative language, Beijing, Chinese language, Confucianism,...
		Over a period of thirty years from 1586 and with the aid of Chinese technicians and advisors, Nurhaci, a chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens, united the three Jurchen tribes, and renamed the united tribe Manchu.
		You can add this article to your own "watchlist" and receive e-mail notification about all changes in this page.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Jurchens.html (854 words)

	Talk:Jurchens - TheBestLinks.com - Qing Dynasty, Goguryeo, Silla, Joseon Dynasty, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Talk:Jurchens, Qing Dynasty, Jurchens, Goguryeo, Silla, Joseon Dynasty, King...
		My ancestor(my lastname founder) is a Jurchens chieftain, Yi Ji-Ran.
		All Jurchens knew that they are korean tribe.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Talk__3A__Jurchens.html (133 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > Origin of Jurchens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Now I happen to suck at classical Chinese and was wondering if there was something to the word choice here outside of stylistic considerations as far as choosing a different term for the point of contact with each of these states.
		Again with the Han- there's no reason to consider them, or the Jurchens or the Americans, etc, to be a coherent racial or ethnic entity in the 'ideal' sense at any point ever.
		May 1 2005, 08:06 AM On this thread, I translated some theories that suggest that the Jurchen were descended from the same ancestors as the Xianbei, namely the Donghu (Tungus?); or that the Jurchen were descended from the Xianbei:
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t3842.html (1287 words)

	The world's top jianzhou jurchens websites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In the ensuing battle at Gure, Atai was defeated, Giocangga and his son massacred.
		The unification of the Jianzhou Jurchens provided the basis for Nurhaci to expand his power throughout southern and central Manchuria, and to create a true Manchu state.
		The very name Manchu (Jurchen: manju) was perhaps an old term for the Jianzhou Jurchens.
	www.websbiggest.com /wiki-article-tab.cfm/jianzhou_jurchens (575 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > Jurchens/Manchus were Korean ?
		Jun 22 2005, 07:04 PM I think the very fact that both the Jurchens and later the Manchus demanded Korean submission as a vassal state historically proves they were not.
		I think the very fact that both the Jurchens and later the Manchus demanded Korean submission as a vassal state historically proves they were not.
		Previous to this the area was Jurchen and (tell this to the nationalists) Yi Seonggye got his start late in the Koryeo period conquering the Jurchens when the court decided to start reclaiming all lands held by Koguryeo.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t5258.html (8042 words)

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