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Topic: Justice as a virtue

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	Justice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Justice has been thought, primarily, the morally right assignment of good and bad things (including wealth, power, reward, respect and punishment); alternatively, is has been thought the virtue of a person who expresses or acts for that right assignment.
		Justice, on this account, is a universal and absolute concept: laws, principles, religions, etc., are merely attempts to codify that concept, sometimes with results that entirely contradict the true nature of justice.
		Nietzsche, in contrast, argues that justice is part of the slave-morality of the weak many, rooted in their resentment of the strong few, and intended to keep the noble man down.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Justice (3534 words)

	Justice as a Virtue
		But the virtue of justice is not natural, but rather should be considered "artificial," according to Hume, because it depends for its existence on human conventions and artifices and because the primary motive to justice is a sense of justice (or of duty).
		Justice and moral obligation sometimes seem opposed to the dictates of (what would be motivated by) universal benevolence, and Hume cites one's obligation (of justice) to return what one owes to a "seditious bigot" as one glaring instance of this point.
		Rawls's conception of justice as an individual virtue is a good example of a non-virtue-ethical account of a virtue, since, as we saw, it treats individual justice as a matter of accepting and complying with independently defended moral/political principles or rules.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/win2003/entries/justice-virtue (4295 words)

	Rawls on Justice as Fairness
		Justice is thought of as a pact between rational egoists the stability of which is dependent on a balance of power and a similarity of circumstance.
		Justice is the virtue of practices where there are assumed to be competing interests and conflicting claims, and where it is supposed that persons will press their rights on each other.
		The justice of practices does not come up until there are several different parties (whether we think of these as individuals, associations, or nations and so on, is irrelevant) who do press their claims on one another, and who do regard themselves as representatives of interests, which deserve to be considered.
	www.hist-analytic.org /Rawlsfair.htm (9933 words)

	Sun.Star Pangasinan - Lagao: Justice and moral virtues
		JUSTICE and moral virtues are the chief forces for the strength and security of societies.
		When justice and moral virtues are maintained and promoted in a society, its internal cohesion and social integration increase, if only because the citizens of such a society are accustomed to subordinate their individual or class to those of the common good.
		Justice and moral virtue do not abolish the natural tendency of the aging and decline of human societies, nor can they hinder physical catastrophes overwhelming politico-military aggression from destroying them.
	www.sunstar.com.ph /static/pan/2004/02/29/oped/ani.lagao.reflection.html (307 words)

	Justice Quotes & Quotations compiled by GIGA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Justice is a certain rectitude of mind whereby a man does what he ought to do in the circumstances confronting him.
		Justice is that virtue of the soul which is distributive according to desert.
		Justice is itself the great standing policy of civil society; and any eminent departure from it, under any circumstances, lies under the suspicion of being no policy at all.
	www.giga-usa.com /quotes/topics/justice_t001.htm (618 words)

	Modern Liberals Loathe Justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Justice is the virtue of granting to each person that which he (or she) deserves.
		Justice is a human necessity for survival because people have choice over their own actions, and, in reality, good actions lead to success and happiness in life, whereas bad actions can harm or even kill you.
		Justice is only one of the virtues we must rescue from the insanity of modern liberalism.
	www.capitalism.org /glennw/letters4/loathe_justice.htm (197 words)

	New Justice
		Justice is an unassailable fortress, built on the brow of a mountain which cannot be overthrown by the violence of torrents, nor demolished by the force of armies.
		Justice is the bread of the nation; it is always hungry for it.
		Justice is the first virtue of those who command, and stops the complaints of those who obey.
	www.krackatinni.netfirms.com /New-Justice.html (1164 words)

	Virtue Quotes.
		The virtue of a man ought to be measured not by his extraordinary exertions, but by his every-day conduct.
		When we pray for any virtue, we should cultivate the virtue as well as pray for it; the form of your prayers should be the rule of your life.
		Virtue is not to be considered in the light of mere innocence, or abstaining from harm; but as the exertion of our facilities in doing good.
	www.dhq.nu /wanderingmind/virtue.asp (403 words)

	Aristotle and justice
		Justice itself is a term used in various senses; and the senses in which injustice is used vary correspondingly.
		The justice with which we are concerned has two branches: distributive, of honours and the like among citizens by the State, and of private property by contract and agreement; and corrective, the remedying of unfair distribution.
		In the family, justice does not come in, the whole household being, in a sense, parts of the pater familias; and as you cannot be unjust to yourself, you cannot be unjust to your household.
	www.publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Outline_of_Great_Books_Volume_I/aristotle_bdb.html (669 words)

	Aristotle on Justice
		Justice, for Aristotle, is a virtue-a sort of character trait, not a state of being.
		If justice is a virtue, as we suspect it must be, then it is some kind of mean.
		One type of justice, distributive justice, is concerned with the distribution of money or honour or other resources that are divided among all who have a share in some public organization.
	publish.uwo.ca /~dgault/phil20/arpol.htm (557 words)

	Domestic-Church.Com: Essays: Coming to Terms: Justice
		Catechism of the Catholic Church 1807: Justice is the moral virtue that consists in the constant and firm will to give their due to God and neighbor.
		Justice toward God is called the "virtue of religion." Justice toward men disposes one to respect the rights of each and to establish in human relationships the harmony that promotes equality with regard to persons and to the common good.
		God's justice is dispersed through natural law, moral law and divine law, in the teachings of the Church and in our own faith lives.
	www.domestic-church.com /CONTENT.DCC/20020101/ESSAY/justice.htm (1157 words)

	Plato's Ethics and Politics in The Republic
		He suggests looking for justice as a virtue of cities before defining justice as a virtue of persons, on the rather unconvincing grounds that justice in a city is bigger and more apparent than justice in a person (368c-369b), and this leads Socrates to a rambling description of some features of a good city (369b-427c).
		Defining justice as happiness, for example, would beg the question, and an account of justice according to which we were required to torture red-headed children for amusement would fail to address the question that Glaucon and Adeimantus take themselves to be asking.
		The tyrant is full of disorder and regret by virtue of not having been able to do what he wants, is poor and unsatisfiable by virtue of now being unable to do what he wants, and is fearful by virtue of perceiving future inability to do what he wants.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /entries/plato-ethics-politics (15664 words)

	SUMMA THEOLOGICA: As a general virtue, is justice essentially the same as every virtue? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Further, the essence of a virtue does not change through that virtue directing its act to some higher end even as the habit of temperance remains essentially the same even though its act be directed to a Divine good.
		Now it belongs to legal justice that the acts of all the virtues are directed to a higher end, namely the common good of the multitude, which transcends the good of one single individual.
		Every virtue strictly speaking directs its act to that virtue's proper end: that it should happen to be directed to a further end either always or sometimes, does not belong to that virtue considered strictly, for it needs some higher virtue to direct it to that end.
	www.newadvent.org /summa/305806.htm (691 words)

	Virtue
		Virtue is called infused, inasmuch as it is a gift of God, which together with sanctifying grace is imparted to the soul, in order to qualify and dispose us for the practice of supernatural virtues - i.e., for the performance of such pious actions as are worthy of life everlasting (
		A virtue is acquired inasmuchas it is a faculty which, with the assistance of God, we acquire by constant practice.
		Justice is a virtue by which we are always determined to do what is right, and, therefore, always disposed to give every one his due.
	landru.i-link-2.net /shnyves/virtue.htm (4484 words)

	Virtue
		The main virtues are the theological (God-centered) virtues and the cardinal (hinge or key) virtues.
		The moral virtues are human virtues or dispositions, attitudes and habits of conducting oneself in an upright and orderly way.
		Justice is the virtue which enables us to give God and neighbor their due, thus safeguarding the rights of God and others.
	www.daughtersofstpaul.com /growinginfaith/basicqas/morality/virtue_161.html (1335 words)

	UO Stratics - Tales of Virtue: Justice (Part 6 of 10)
		Jaana found it a bit annoying that the while the entire town was obviously far-gone in merriment, she was being asked to mete out high justice before she was even offered a cooling mug of small beer.
		For many hours she sat and listened silently to evidence, as the people of the town recounted the many townspeople slain and plundered at the claws of the goblin and his tribe, and it was a terrible catalog indeed.
		Now it belongs to Justice indeed, and if it is in any wise harmed in contravention of my word, the full weight of the law shall fall upon this place.
	uo.stratics.com /content/virtues/talesofvirtue06.php?nocookies=1 (1537 words)

	Peace, Justice and Forgiveness, John Paul Speaks, January 2002
		is the fruit of justice, that moral virtue and legal guarantee which ensures full respect for rights and responsibilities, and the just distribution of benefits and burdens.
		Because human justice is always fragile and imperfect, subect as it is to the limitations and egoism of individuals and groups, it must include and be...
		the fullness of justice, leading to that tranquility of order which is much more than a fragile and temporary cessation of hostilities, involving as it does the deepest healing of the wounds which fester in human hearts.
	www.presentationministries.com /JPS/jps2002-01.asp (419 words)

	Justice Quotes.
		Justice offers nothing but what may be accepted with honor; and lays claim to nothing in return but what we ought not even to wish to withhold.
		Justice is the insurance which we have on our lives and property, and obedience is the premium which we pay for it.
		At present we can only reason of the divine justice from what we know of justice in man. When we are in other scenes, we may have truer and nobler ideas of it; but while we are in this life, we can only speak from the volume that is laid open before us.
	www.dhq.nu /wanderingmind/justice.asp (241 words)

	Virtues
		Each virtue represents what is good about man. The Avatar was a being of good that attained the all the known Virtues.
		Justice is a Virtue based on balancing the heart and mind of mankind.
		Justice itself is always at odds for itself.
	home.texoma.net /~htduck/virtues.htm (589 words)

	The Virtue of Justice in Aristotle - The Reverend Charles V. Antonicelli, JD, STL - Eutopia
		The Virtue of Justice in Aristotle - The Reverend Charles V. Antonicelli, JD, STL - Eutopia
		I would like to explore with you, in a practical way, the virtue of justice as it is described by two great thinkers: one a pagan philosopher and the other a Doctor of the Church.
		And that leads into the topic I have chosen to speak about today, which is the virtue of justice, since one definition of virtue is finding the perfect balance between two extremes.
	eutopia.cua.edu /article.cfm?ID=15 (593 words)

	Justice Redefined
		God's justice is not a distant external standard - it is the source of all human justice (2 Chron.
		By justice those who lacked the power and resources to participate in significant aspects of the community were to be strengthened so that they could.
		The way justice is dispensed in a society is a function of its basic moral values, especially in a government of the people, for the people, and by the people.
	www.jeremiahproject.com /prophecy/justice.html (2202 words)

	John Rawls: “Justice as Fairness”
		Justice as a virtue of social institutions [365.1]
		I shall focus attention, then, on the usual sense of justice in which it is essentially the elimination of arbitrary distinctions and the establishment, within the structure of a practice, of a proper balance between competing claims.
		The conception of justice as fairness, when applied to the practice of slavery with its offices of slaveholder and slave, would not allow one to consider the advantages of the slaveholder in the first place.
	spruce.flint.umich.edu /~simoncu/380/rawls.htm (596 words)

	Summa Theologica
		Objection 1: It would seem that justice is not a virtue.
		Therefore since it belongs to justice to produce externally a deed that is just in itself, it seems that justice is not a moral virtue.
		Hence, since justice regulates human operations, it is evident that it renders man's operations good, and, as Tully declares (De Officiis i, 7), good men are so called chiefly from their justice, wherefore, as he says again (De Officiis i, 7) "the luster of virtue appears above all in justice."
	www.ccel.org /ccel/aquinas/summa.SS_Q58_A3.html?bcb=0 (451 words)

	Paul's crime and justice Page: criminal justice ethics: introduction to virtue ethics
		Virtue Ethics Without Character Traits claims virtue ethics can be saved from some traditional criticisms.
		Without an account of the goodness of the moral dispositions, virtue ethics is less an answer to the question “What is moral?,” than it is to the question “To what does morality properly apply?” Its answer is that it properly applies to people’s characters rather than to their actions or to rules.
		Thus virtue ethics is dependent on the sort of moral reflection that we just saw in utilitarianism and we will see in deontological ethics.
	www.paulsjusticepage.com /cjethics/intro/virtue.htm (416 words)

	[No title]
		¡¡¡ó¨Justice is a Virtue¡¨£Justice occurs within the state - Polis The State is the primary element on the development of just actions and unjust actions.
		Justice is intermediate between doing injustice and suffering injustice.
		Act of Justice is The specific type of just act that rectifies an act of injustice.
	www.ipfw.edu /phil/faculty/Estevez/AristotleJustice.ppt (253 words)

	SUMMA THEOLOGICA: Is justice a virtue? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It would seem that justice is not a virtue.
		Hence it is written (Wisdom 8:7) that Divine wisdom "teacheth temperance, and prudence, and justice, and fortitude, which are such things as men (i.e.
		Justice is concerned about external things, not by making them, which pertains to art, but by using them in our dealings with other men.
	www.newadvent.org /summa/305803.htm (488 words)

	Justice Quotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The people become more observant of justice, and do not refuse to submit to the laws when they see them obeyed by their enactor.
		There will be no justice as long as man will stand with a knife or with a gun and destroy those who are weaker than he is.
		Justice cannot be for one side alone, but must be for both.
	www.worldofquotes.com /topic/Justice/1/index.html (674 words)

	Catholic Pages Directory: » Morals » VIRTUES
		Donald DeMarco's explanation of the virtue of humility, the foundation of all the other virtues, shows it to be in rather sharp contrast to the popular notion of self-esteem.
		Justice, Wisdom, Courage and Moderation: The Four Cardinal Virtues by Peter Kreeft.
		These four cardinal virtues are not the only virtues, but they are the cardes, the "hinges", on which all the other virtues turn.
	www.catholic-pages.com /dir/virtues.asp (545 words)

	JUSTICE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		JUSTICE is the moral virtue that consists in the constant and firm will to give their due to God and neighbor.
		Justice toward God is called the "virtue of religion." Justice toward men disposes one to respect the rights of each and to establish in human relationships the harmony that promotes equity with regard to persons and to the common good.
		The arithmetical standard requires that the debtor give exactly the same amount to the other, while the geometrical standard requires only a proportional compensation for what was received.
	showcase.netins.net /web/frburkle/Sacred/Virtues/justice.html (102 words)

	Virtue Quotations - Quotations
		It is just that negative species of virtue which consists in not doing what is scandalously depraved and wicked.
		Virtues II "The depth of a soul is not measured by what appears on the surface, but what lies in the heart."
		"There are men whom a happy disposition, a strong desire of glory and esteem, inspire with the same love for justice and virtue which men in general have for riches and honors.
	www.bellaonline.com /ArticlesP/art12655.asp (1464 words)

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