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Topic: Justice in Eyre

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	Justice in Eyre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Justices in Eyre were the highest magistrates in forest law, and presided over the court of justice-seat, a triennial court held to punish offenders against the forest law and enquire into the state of the forest and its officers.
		October 8, 1229), justice of the forest in the counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, York, Lancaster, Derby, Lincoln, Rutland, Northampton, Buckingham, Essex, Cambridge, Huntingdon, and Oxford excepting the bailiwick of Thomas of Langley.
		October 8, 1229), justice of the forest in the counties of Stafford, Salop, Worcester, Warwick, Gloucester, Hereford, Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Southampton, Wiltshire, Berkshire, Surrey, and the bailiwick of Thomas of Langley
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Justice_in_Eyre (1391 words)

	DEDICATION
		EYRE, of Eyreville, whose wish it was, that a history of this description should be written for the use of the members of his branch of the family, I dedicate this book.
		The Eyres are found in the Parish of Hope and Hassop in Derbyshire before the time the name appears in the History of Wilts; perhaps some unrecorded member of the family may have migrated from Derbyshire to the South of England, and so have been the origin of the Wilts family.
		EYRE OF Humphrey Le Heyr, of Bromham, Wilts, he was a Crusader, and accompanied Richard I. to the Holy Land.
	www.meddows-taylor.com /Eyre.htm (10356 words)

	[No title]
		Justice Wilson has traced out, with muchminuteness of detail, the nature and character of the judicial department in ancient, as well as modern nations, and especially in England; and a perusal of his remarks will be found full of instruction.
		If a forester, by patent for his life, is made justice in Eyre of the same forest, hac vice, the forestership is become void; for these offices are incompatible, because the forester is under lite correction of the justice in Eyre, and he cannot judge himself.
		It is requisite, that the courts of justice should be able at all times, to present a determined countenance against all licentious acts; and, to give them the firmness to do it, the judges ought to be confident of the security of their stations.
	www.constitution.org /js/js_338.txt (15045 words)

	Florilegium urbanum - Crime and justice - Procedure for conducting an eyre
		Next, three judicious and sound men should be selected, of whom one should present to the king, his council and his justices, in [chronological] order, those accidents and misadventures falling within purview of the king that have occurred in the city, from the time when the old pleas were last tried, up to the present.
		Since eyres undertook a broad investigation of general governance and public behaviour for the previous several years at least, and since errors were inevitably found and fines levied, the eyre was probably perceived as just another way of extorting money for the king.
		Justices in eyre were supposed to make allowance for local custom when administering common law.
	www.trytel.com /~tristan/towns/florilegium/government/gvjust20.html (3322 words)

	Cheshire: Chester - Quarter Sessions Records and other records of the Justices of the Peace, 1559-1760
		Justices at above Sessions report that Kent received his pay at midsummer 1630, so that in Jan 1632 when he made his petition there was but one year and a half unpaid, £4 and no more.
		Whereas Credible Informacon is given unto the L'd Cheife Justice in Eyre That Jonathan Bruen of Stapleford in the County of Chester Eqr.
		I Thomas Lee Esq (one of his Ma'ty's Justices) do hereby certifie to the Clerk of the Peace that the persons whose names are under written were since the last Sessions convicted before me for prophane swearing and curseing such number of oaths and curses as are to their several names annexed.
	www.geocities.com /fountalnpen/quartsess.html (3664 words)

	George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1560, he inherited the Earldom of Shrewsbury, the Barony of Furnivall and the position of Justice in Eyre, which had been his father's.
		Meanwhile, in 1571, Lord Shrewsbury was appointed Lord High Steward (the premier Great Office of State) for the trial of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (regarding the Ridolfi plot).
		Finally, in 1572, Lord Shrewsbury was appointed Earl Marshal, a position that he held (along with the aforementioned position of Justice in Eyre) until his death in 1590.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/George_Talbot,_6th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury (253 words)

	Florilegium urbanum - Crime and justice - Articles for investigation by the eyre
		When an eyre was convened the delivery of the list of articles to the mayor was necessarily a first step (after the reading out of the writ authorizing the justices to hold the eyre), since it guided the presenting jury.
		But the justices were not satisfied and conducted a perambulation necessitating a second session in January 1246 just to deal with well over a hundred infringements that had come to light.
		Overall, however, the list of articles used in this eyre is very similar to, although less extensive than, that presented in Bracton's compilation of about the same period; Bracton himself notes that the articles could vary from eyre to eyre.
	www.trytel.com /~tristan/towns/florilegium/government/gvjust21.html (2233 words)

	Scrivener, 'The Discourse of Treason, Sedition, and Blasphemy in British Political Trials, 1794-1820' - Romanticism and ...
		Eyre endorses the expanded notion of remote overt acts to include actions that would initiate a process during which and because of which the king could be killed.
		According to Justice Holt in a ruling of 1704, criticism of the government was seditious libel, period (Holdsworth 6: 266).
		The hermeneutical rule by which one was to interpret texts was formulated by Justice Holt in 1729: "the understanding given to the writing by all the world" and "such as the generality of readers must take it in, according to the obvious and natural sense of it" (739).
	www.rc.umd.edu /praxis/law/scrivener/mscrv.htm (3645 words)

	Chicago Reader: Hot Type
		Eyre looked about to see if he was holding court yet.
		The defendant is capably defended, the prosecution is aboveboard, the judge wise and impartial, and the evidence compelling.
		"One obvious difference," Eyre allowed, "is that no one on death row by mistake appreciates the hue and cry to hang him and be done with it.
	www.chicagoreader.com /hottype/2000/001117_1.html (886 words)

	[No title]
		The Lord Chief Justice instructed the jury that in order to convict Dammaree of treason it was necessary to show that it was his intention not simply to destroy a single meeting house, "but to pull them down all" (15 State Tr.
		Justice Story, the author of that opinion, made clear in his constitutional treatise that he did not perceive any inconsistency between the Confrontation Clause and traditional hearsay exceptions.
		Invoking the Confrontation Clause, the first Justice Harlan noted (174 U.S. at 54) that the defendant against whom the judgments were admitted had not been present at the thieves' trial and that, as a non-party, he could not have cross-examined them even if he had been there.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/1985/sg850160.txt (11305 words)

	JOSEPH BIANCALANA \| Actions of Covenant, 1200–1330 \| Law and History Review, 20.1 \| The History Cooperative
		In the Hampshire and Cambridgeshire eyres of that year the justices began to enforce the new rule: where plaintiff had written evidence of the debt, defendant had to produce a written acquittance of the debt.
		The move toward limiting wager of law to denials of having incurred the debt was also and by the same token a move toward not permitting defendants who had paid to wage their law.
		In another case on the same eyre, Justice Herle spoke of covenant as being a matter of assent that lay in specialty.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/20.1/biancalana.html (13286 words)

	[No title]
		Murder and villany are strongly depicted on the features of the slaves of that nation; and such of them as dared to speak of this dreadful catastrophe clearly appeared to approve the behaviour of their countryman.
		The government of the Cape we understood to be vested in a governor and council, together with a court of justice.
		The court of justice is composed of the fiscal, the second governor, a secretary, and twelve members, six of whom are from among the burghers, and six from among the bourgeoisie.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/2/5/6/12565/12565.txt (13440 words)

	An Uneasy Affair -- Chapter 3
		Thus in Political Justice Godwin specifically and emphatically denounces all reform politics, which, in the context of the 1790s, means that he opposed all organized efforts to change the social and political order.
		Eyre had presented the formal charge to the Grand Jury building upon a statute of Edward III defining High Treason as any overt act to imagine the death of the king.
		From this statute Eyre decided that any system propagated to overthrow the government was actually a threat upon the life of the king -- influencing Parliament through standard channels was not treasonable, but any method to force the issue clearly was.
	www.historyguide.org /thesis/chapter3.html (5047 words)

	I87: Sir Samuel EYRE (of Newhouse) ( - 12 SEP 1698)
		He was the son of Robert Eyre of Salisbury and Chilhampton, and Anne, the daughter of Samuel Aldersey of Aldersey in Cheshire, and was born 1633.
		He pursued his profession with considerable success, to which the patronage of the Earl of Shaftesbury, to whom he was reputed to be the confidential adviser, probably contributed, though, the same cause probably prevented his promotion in Charles's and in James's reigns.
		On the duscussion of the claim of Peerage, nearly four years after, Chief Justice Holt and Sir Samuel Eyre were called before the House of Lords and required to give their reasons for this judgment.
	www.ayars.com /eyre/D0019/I87.html (761 words)

	WILLIAM GODWIN: His Friends and Contemporaries Ch. 5
		The principal object which it seems to propose, is to place this supply in the disposal of a few, enabling them to make a show of generosity with what is not truly their own, and to purchase the gratitude of the poor by the payment of a debt.
		Chief-justice Eyre explained the law of treason according to the statute 25 Edward Ill., which is the law of England.
		Their fate filled their friends with grief and indignation; but worse had been since attempted, and it was a matter of virtuous triumph to find that the attempt failed, that our country was restored to the protection of its laws, and a boundary placed to the encroachments of arbitrary power.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /anarchist_archives/godwin/friends/ch5.html (10463 words)

	Beth Sherman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Jane Eyre”, Justice Vaisey quotes one early critic as referring to the book’s “minute anatomy of mind” (185), and then, he goes on to praise the book as a worthwhile piece of literature, his own copy possibly becoming a “collector’s piece” (184).
		Jane Eyre as being a proponent of “education for all classes of society and for both sexes” (438).
		Jane Eyre as autobiography of Charlotte Bronte was still the prevalent, mainstream interpretation; however, a number of interesting articles pulled out themes of nature, the inner child, and moon imagery in the novel.
	www.louisville.edu /~jlwolf02/e373/spring02/group4c.htm (1012 words)

	[No title]
		In the Nineteen Propositions permanent provision was made for the submission of the nominations of the two Chief Justices and of the Chief Baron [1] Thus anticipating the well-known clause in the Act of Settlement.
		And therefore His Majesty doth assure you, that when these great affairs are settled, and that His Majesty hath received satisfaction of his reasonable demands, he will as a just King hear and answer your just grievances, which in a dutiful way shall be presented unto him; and this His Majesty doth avow.
		And His Majesty is resolved, that before the end of this session, he will set such a course both for the amending of anything that may be found amiss, and for the settling of his own estate, as he doubteth not but will give you ample satisfaction and comforts.
	www.constitution.org /eng/conpur.txt (15765 words)

	[No title]
		Was it necessary that he should be rewarded for his treason at the expense of men whose only crime was the fidelity with which they had observed their oath of allegiance.
		Then came penal statutes against Nonconformists, statutes for which precedents might too easily be found in the Puritan legislation, but to which the King could not give his assent without a breach of promises publicly made, in the most important crisis of his life, to those on whom his fate depended.
		A single justice of the peace might convict without a jury, and might, for the third offence, pass sentence of transportation beyond sea for seven years.
	yarchive.net /macaulay/history/chapter_II.html (22582 words)

	Misc - Puritan Revolution, The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution, 1625-1660 ToC: The Online Library of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the Nineteen Propositions permanent provision was made for the submission of the nominations of the two Chief Justices and of the Chief Baron to the approbation of Parliament (§ 3), whilst the appointment of puisne judges was left as before in the hands of the King.
		In the Oxford Propositions the names of twelve persons were recommended for judgeships, and of one person for the Mastership of the Rolls (§ 8), whilst no provision was made for the choice of their successors.
		As to administration, ‘the Chancellor, Keeper, or Commissioners of the Great Seal, the Treasurer, Admiral, Chief Governors of Ireland and Scotland, and the Chief Justices of both the Benches’ were to be chosen by the approbation of Parliament (§ 34).
	oll.libertyfund.org /Home3/HTML.php?recordID=0467 (14793 words)

	A Dublin alternative - Orlando Sentinel : Destinations
		An uncompromising chief executive, Lynch is said to have hanged his own son in 1493 when the younger Lynch was implicated in the murder of a foreigner.
		Although the story of the hanging is disputed, a 19th-century memorial bordering the church grounds pays homage to Lynch's stern brand of justice.
		Eyre Square, namesake of yet another Galway mayor, is now the city's focal point.
	www.orlandosentinel.com /travel/destinations/sns-galwayireland-stroll,1,7192311.story?coll=orl-travel-headlines-destin (1343 words)

	Anne Margaret Daniel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		These writers, rightly noted for their otherwise revolutionary impact upon modern, and contemporary, British literature, play upon the "native" English reader’s recognition of crimes and misdemeanors, and invoke widely shared notions of appropriate retribution, as they make their readers accomplices in moving their plots forward.
		The justice meted out in their works has far more in common with that distributed by Magistrate Fielding, from his bench or from his pen, than does the justice prescribed by progressive criminal statutes coming into effect as they wrote.
		Chapter Two, "The Traveling Justice of Jane Eyre," is a close reading of Charlotte Bronte’s novel and the character of its eponymous protagonist and narrator.
	web.princeton.edu /sites/english/Writing/daniel_abs.html (480 words)

	Zane, The Story of Law - Five Ages of the Bench and Bar of England: The Online Library of Liberty
		The justices inquired into all the affairs of the counties and into all the acts of the local tribunals, into the enforcement of the criminal law and into the judgments rendered in civil causes.
		Malberthorpe, Chief Justice of the King’s Bench, pronounced sentence of death on the Earl of Lancaster.
		Clopton, Chief Justice of the King’s Bench, vacated his seat to become a friar of the Minorites, and his successor was the celebrated William Gascoigne, whose surname the ingenious scribes of that day were able to spell in twenty-one different ways.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/LFBooks/Zane0279/HTMLs/0027_Pt06_FiveAges.html (17060 words)

	William Godwin
		Godwin's Political Justice was a product of the enthusiasm connected with the French Revolution and by the end of the decade the author and his works were exuberantly denounced by loyalism and the forces of order which increasingly dominated the British political and literary scene.
		In Political Justice, however, Godwin builds his argument on foundations laid by David Hartley and Joseph Priestley, albeit he develops their position by insisting that mind is the medium within which sensations, desires, passions and beliefs contend — so that we should understand the conflict between passion and reason as one of contending opinions.
		Books Five to Eight apply the principles of justice, equality and private judgment in a critical examination of the institutions of government, issues of toleration and freedom of speech, theories of law and punishment, and, finally, the institution of property.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/godwin (6950 words)

	William Godwin, 1756-1836
		In Political Justice, Godwin produced a sweeping explication of the general principles that underlay society and a plan for the future based on his comprehension of the past.
		His Cursory Strictures on the Charge Delivered by Lord Chief Justice Eyre to the Grand Jury, October 2, 1794 (London, 1794), proved significant to the radical movement: Godwin had demonstrated the false logic in the prosecution's definition of treason.
		Although Godwin perhaps never abandoned his basic contention that man ought to be guided by the laws of truth, benevolence, candor and justice, his experiences during the mid-1790s caused a shift of emphasis away from the cold rationalism of Political Justice, an emphasis reflected in subsequent revisions in 1796 and 1798.
	www.historyguide.org /intellect/godwin.html (1984 words)

	GENUKI: English Peerage 1790: Barons 10
		FLETCHER NORTON, baron Grantley of Markenfield; one of his majesty's most honourable privy council, one of the lords commissioners of trade and plantations, chief justice in Eyre of his majesty's forests south of Trent, recorder of the borough of Guildford in the county of Surrey, and doctor of laws.
		This nobleman was born 23 June 1716, and elected 1754 to represent the borough of Appleby in the county of Westmorland, 1761 and 1768 to represent the borough of Wigan in the county palatine of Lancaster, and 1774 and 1780 to represent the borough of Guildford in the county of Surrey.
		He was constituted 19 February 1769 chief justice in Eyre of his majesty's forests south of Trent, and elected 23 January 1770 speaker of the honourable house of commons, to which office he was re-elected in the year 1774.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/eng/History/Barons/barons10.html (3826 words)

	AAA Native Arts - Skins Movie Review
		When a filmmaker's directorial debut is as noteworthy and successful as Chris Eyre's 1998 award-winning Smoke Signals, it raises a high level of expectation for his next project as well as some trepidation.
		So it's a great pleasure to declare that Eyre avoids the usual pitfalls with Skins, a moving, often humorous, and finely accomplished story of two brothers living on the isolated Pine Ridge Reservation.
		Eyre doesn't simplify life to make points, and this beautifully rendered adaptation is full of truth and drama, pain and activism, along with details of native life, spirit, and myth.
	www.aaanativearts.com /printout258.html (377 words)

	Office-Holders: Justices in Eyre
		Some account of the early history of the justices in eyre may be found in G.J. Turner, 'The Justices of the Forest South of Trent,' English Historical Review, xviii (1903) 112-16.
		By 1509 it had long been the practice for there to be two such justices, one with jurisdiction north and the other with jurisdiction south of the Trent.
		The southern justice was usually granted an additional allowance of 100 marks.
	www.history.ac.uk /office/justices.html (954 words)

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