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Topic: Justinian II

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	justinian2
		Justinian's religious policy was similar to that of his father, Constantine IV, who had attempted to bring about a reconciliation between Rome and Constantinople.
		Justinian, attempted to enforce the decision of the council by ordering the arrest of Pope Martin, but this was prevented by the populace and troops of Rome.
		Justinian ignored the new incursions of the Arabs and focused his attention instead on punishing his enemies.
	www.roman-emperors.org /Just2.htm (1103 words)

	Chapter XL: Reign Of Justinian. Part II. - History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Vol. 4 - Edward Gibbon, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After this popular concession, Justinian proceeded to the hippodrome to confess his own errors, and to accept the repentance of his grateful subjects; but they distrusted his assurances, though solemnly pronounced in the presence of the holy Gospels; and the emperor, alarmed by their distrust, retreated with precipitation to the strong fortress of the palace.
		Justinian was lost, if the prostitute whom he raised from the theatre had not renounced the timidity, as well as the virtues, of her sex.
		Justinian reigned over sixty-four provinces, and nine hundred and thirty-five cities; ^54 his dominions were blessed by nature with the advantages of soil, situation, and climate: and the improvements of human art had been perpetually diffused along the coast of the Mediterranean and the banks of the Nile from ancient Troy to the Egyptian Thebes.
	www.historicalbookarchive.com /25-5.html (4072 words)

	Justinian II: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Justinian II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Justinian II, known as Rhinotmetus (669-711), East Roman emperor 685-695 and 704-711, succeeded his father Constantine IV, at the age of sixteen.
		Justinian meanwhile had escaped from Cherson and married Theodora, sister of Busirus, khan of the Khazars.
		His second reign was marked by an unsuccessful war against Terbelis, by Arab victories in Asia Minor, by devastating expeditions sent against his own cities of Ravenna and Cherson where he inflicted horrible punishment upon the disaffected nobles and refugees, and by the same cruel rapacity toward his subjects.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ju/Justinian-II.html (362 words)

	(139) Justinian II and Tiberius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Justinian II, who first came to power in A.D. 685, was mutilated and ousted by Leontius in A.D. 695 (see no. 138), but after ten years in exile "the emperor without a nose," so nicknamed as a result of his mutilation, returned to the throne for a second reign.
		In his second reign Justinian retained the image of Christ on the obverse, but the type has changed from the stern, long-haired, fully bearded figure of the Pantokrator common in Byzantine icons and mosaics to a youthful, curly-haired Christ with a short beard, a type thought to be derived from Syrian depictions of Christ.
		Justinian was ruthless in exacting revenge upon his many enemies, and in the end both he and his young son were murdered.
	www.lawrence.edu /dept/art/buerger/catalogue/139.html (351 words)

	List of Byzantine Emperors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tiberius II Constantine (540-582, ruled 578 - 582) — father-in-law of a grand-nephew of Justin I; Count of the Excubitors under Justin II; adopted by Justin II in 574
		Justinian II Rhinotmetus (the Slit-nosed) (668-711, ruled 685 - 695) — son of Constantine IV Non-dynastic
		In 1453 Mehmed II overthrew the Byzantine Empire and claimed the title of Caesar; his successors continued this claim.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/l/li/list_of_byzantine_emperors.html (1469 words)

	Rodolphe Guilland, "Les Eunuques dans l'Empire Byzantin" (English)
		Justinian I punished the perpetrators and accomplices of the operation with the penalty of retaliation; if the condemned person survived, he was sent to the mines and his property was confiscated.
		II 512; Zonaras III 588-589), Constantine distinguished himself as a governor and was appointed Domestikos of the Scholes of the East (Cedr.
		II 271), had a father of humble origin but who was pious and honest; a dream told him that his son was destined for a high position (Theoph.
	www.well.com /user/aquarius/guilland-eunuques.htm (13232 words)

	Constantinople
		But in AD 705 Justinian II escaped from the Crimea, got help from the king of Bulgaria, was received into Constantinople by traitors, seized the palace, resumed the throne and put to death Leontius and Tiberius III after treading on their necks as they lay bound before him.
		Justinian II, restored to his throne, then indulged in an orgy of undiscriminating cruelty, which was only ended by a military insurrection.
		The accession of another soldier, Michael II the Amorian (the stammerer) was attended by outbreaks of rebellion and his nine year reign was mainly memorable for the loss of Crete to the Corsairs and the invasion of Sicily by the Aglabids.
	www.roman-empire.net /constant/constantinople.html (13388 words)

	wiki/Justinian II Definition / wiki/Justinian II Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Justinian II, known as Rhinotmetus (the Split-nosed) (669 Events Theodore appointed Archibishop of Canterbury Births Justinian II, Byzantine emperor Deaths Hasan ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad and second Shia Imam...
		Justinian escaped from Cherson after almost nine years and married Theodora, sister of Ibousiros GliabanosBusir or Busir Glavan (in Greek, Ibouzir or Ibousiros Gliabanos, Khagan of the Khazars in the late 600's and early 700's CE.
		Justinian next fled to TerbelisKhan Tervel or Tarvel, or Terbelis in some Byzantine sources, was the khan of the Bulgars from 700 or 701-718.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Justinian_II (1549 words)

	Justinian II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Justinian II Justinian II Justinian II, known as Rhinotmetus (the Split-nosed) (669 - 711) was Byzantineemperor from 685 to 695 and again from 704 to 711.
		Cherson, where Justinian had spent his exile,revolted; under the leadership of Bardanes, the city held out against acounter-attack and soon the forces sent to suppress the rebellion joined it.
		The rebels then seized the capital and proclaimedBardanes as emperor; Justinian was forced to flee and was assassinated in Asia Minor in December 711.
	www.therfcc.org /justinian-ii-156441.html (366 words)

	JUSTINIAN II. - LoveToKnow Article on JUSTINIAN II. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		His second reign was marked by an unsuccessful war against Terbelis, by Arab victories in Asia Minor, by devastating expedi tions sent against his own cities of Ravenna and Cherson where he inflicted horrible punishment upon the disaffectec nobles and refugees, and by the same cruel rapacity toward his subjects.
		Conspiracies again broke out: Bardanes, sur named Philippicus, assumed the purple, and Justinian, the last of the house of Heraclius, was assassinated in Asia Minor December 711.
		JUSTINIAN I. To properly cite this JUSTINIAN II.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /J/JU/JUSTINIAN_II_.htm (433 words)

	Justinian II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Justinian, on the reverse of this coin struck during his second reign, is holding a patriarchal globus with
		The rebels then seized the capital and proclaimed Bardanes as emperor; Justinian had been on his way to Armenia, and was unable to return to Constantinople in time to defend it.
		On hearing the news of his death, Justinian's mother took his six-year-old son and co-Emperor, Tiberius, to sanctuary at St. Mary's Church in Blachernae, but was pursued by Bardanes' henchmen, who dragged the child from the altar and, once outside the church, murdered him, thus finally eradicating the line of Heraclius.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Justinian_II (632 words)

	Justinian II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Justinian II Justinian II, known as Rhinotmetus (the Split-nosed) (669-711) was Byzantine emperor from 685 to 695 and again from 704 to 711.
		With an army of 15,000 horsemen Justinian pounced upon Constantinople, slew his rivals Leontius and Tiberius along with thousands of their partisans, and once more ascended the throne in 704.
		His second reign was marked by an unsuccessful war against the Bulgars under Terbelis, Arab victories in Asia Minor, devastating expeditions sent against his own cities of Ravenna and Cherson where he inflicted horrible punishment upon the disaffected nobles and refugees, and the same cruel rapacity toward his subjects.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/justinian_ii (465 words)

	Tiberius III
		In 703, Tiberius learning of Justinian II's escape from Cherson and attempts to gain support from the Khazars, sent envoys to the Khazars to demand that they turn over Justinian to imperial officials.
		Justinian II was approaching the city with a large army.
		Justinian II had Tiberius and Leontius paraded through the city before they were beheaded.
	www.roman-emperors.org /TiberII.htm (376 words)

	List of Byzantine Emperors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Leo II (467-474, ruled 474) – grandson of Leo I
		Justinian II Rhinotmetus (the Slit-nosed) (668-711, ruled 685 - 695) – son of Constantine IV
		Constantine VIII Porphyrogenitus (960-1028, ruled 1025 - 1028) – son of Romanus II, brother of Basil II
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Byzantine_Emperor (1544 words)

	3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Justinian II who was already married to the Khazar Khagan’s sister, then came to the Hunno-Bulgar Capital, Pliska.
		Emperor Justinian II was overthrown by a revolt started in the city of Cherson (supported by Byzantine rebels, the Hunno-Bulgars, and the Khazar government).
		Justinian II’s son was also put to death and thus the House of Heraclius had come to an end.
	www.kutriguri.com /body_6.html (2062 words)

	Justinian I
		Justinian I, 483–565, Byzantine emperor (527–65), nephew and successor of
		Justinian's fiscal policies, the discontent of the Monophysites at his orthodoxy, and the loyalty of the populace to the family of Anastasius I produced the Nika riot (532), which would have cost Justinian his throne but for the firmness of his wife, Empress
		Justinian's policy of caesaropapism (i.e., the supremacy of the emperor over the church) included not only matters of organization, but also matters of dogma.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0826811.html (420 words)

	Justinian II -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although possessed of a despotic temperament and capable of acts of cruelty, Justinian was in many ways an able ruler, who recovered for the empire areas of Macedonia that had previously been conquered by Slavic tribesmen.
		Justin II (565–578) haughtily refused to continue the payment of tribute to Avar or Persian; he thereby preserved the resources of the treasury, which...
		Justinian reconquered much of the territory that had fallen into barbarian hands.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9044215?tocId=9044215 (768 words)

	Movers: Middle Ages (450 - 1400) - By Miles Hodges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Justinian was promoted to power by his uncle, the Byzantine emperor, Justin (who reigned in the Byzantine East from 518 to 527).
		Justinian's rule which started out so gloriously--ended in the note that would characterize the Empire for the centuries to come: a rule deeply burdened by an unrelenting challenge to the very existence of the Byzantine culture and society itself.
		Pope Gregory II strongly opposed Leo on this matter--and in 730 the pope excommunicated the Emperor.
	www.newgenevacenter.org /movers/middle-ages2.htm (6397 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Gregory II
		By the time he had become a deacon, he had given such signs of character and superior intelligence that he was chosen by Pope Constantine to accompany him when he had to go to Constantinople to discuss the canons of the Quinisext Council with the truculent tyrant, Justinian II.
		For instance, it is certain that about the year 730 Ravenna fell for a brief space into the hands of the Lombards, and that by the exertions of the pope and the Venetians, it was recovered and continued to remain for a year or two longer a portion of the Byzantine empire.
		Probably, however, it was done by Gregory II about the year 727; though perhaps it is not quite equally probable that the two famous condemnatory letters which Gregory II is said to have sent to Leo III are genuine.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06787a.htm (1382 words)

	Justinian II. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		(Justinian Rhinotmetus), 669–711, Byzantine emperor (685–95, 705–11), son and successor of Constantine IV.
		He successfully invaded Arab territory but lost the advantage through a truce that ceded much of Asia Minor to the Arabs.
		Justinian had his nose cut off; hence he was given the epithet Rhinotmetus [Gr.,=with the cut-off nose].
	www.bartleby.com /65/ju/Justinia2.html (147 words)

	Leontius (emperor) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Leontius was originally a general in the army of Justinian II, but was imprisoned by Justinian after a defeat by the Arabs at Sebastopolis.
		He was freed in 695, but immediately organized a revolt against the emperor.
		He was deposed and mutilated by Tiberius III, and was eventually executed when Justinian II returned to power in 705.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leontius_II (101 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Constantine IV (649-685, ruled 668 - 685) – son of Constans II Justinian II Rhinotmetus (the Slit-nosed) (668-711, ruled 685 - 695) – son of Constantine IV Non-dynastic
		Leontius II (ruled 695 - 698) – general under Justinian II Tiberius III Apsimar (ruled 698 - 705) – soldier; overthrew Leontius II Justinian II Rhinotmetus (restored, second rule 705 - 711)
		Michael II the Amorian (770-829, ruled 820 - 829) – son-in-law of Constantine VI Theophilus (813-842, ruled 829 - 842) – son of Michael II Michael III the Drunkard (840-867, ruled 842 - 867) – son of Theophilus
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Byzantine_emperor (1316 words)

	My Lines - Person Page 202
		imperator Justin II of Byzantium was the son of Dulcissimus (?) and Vigilantia of Constantinople.
		Michael II "the Stammerer", basileus Rhomaiôn was the founder of the Amorian, or Phrygian, dynasty.
		Justinian and his family were killed after Bardanes (who ruled as Philippicus) was proclaimed emperor and took Constantinople.
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~cousin/html/p202.htm (6986 words)

	Byzantine Coins in the WildWinds DataBank, Indexed by Sear Byzantine Coins and Their Values Number
		Obv: Justin II and Sophia enthroned facing holding globe and scepters; cross between.
		Constans II, with Constantine IV, Heraclius, & Tiberius, AV Solidus.
		Constans II: AE 40 nummi / follis of Constantinople.
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/sb/i.html (12191 words)

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